http://www.iisc.ernet.in/
Peri-Urban to Urban Landscape Patterns Elucidation through Spatial Metrics
 http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/
T.V. Ramachandra1,2,3,*                           Bharath Setturu1                           Bharath H. Aithal1,2
1 Energy and Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences [CES], 2 Centre for Sustainable Technologies (astra)
3 Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning [CiSTUP]
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012, India.
*Corresponding author: cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in

References

  1. United Nations Report 2008. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/reports.shtml.
  2. Solon, J., 2009. Spatial context of urbanisation: Landscape pattern and 1950 and 1990 in the Warsaw metropolitan area, Poland. Landscape and Urban Planning doi:10.1016/j/landurbplan.2009.07.012.
  3. Grimm Nancy B, Stanley H. Faeth, Nancy E. Golubiewski, Charles L. Redman, Jianguo Wu, XuemeiBai and John M. Briggs, 2008. Global change and the ecology of cities, Science319 (5864), 756–760.
  4. Yang, L.M., Xian, G., Klaver, J.M., Deal, B., 2003. Urban land-cover change detec-tion through sub-pixel imperviousness mapping using remotely sensed data. Photogrammetry Engineering Remote Sensing. 69, 1003–1010.
  5. Herold M, 2005. The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modelling of urban land use change” Computer, Environ, and Urban Systems 29, 369–399.
  6. McGarigal K., B. Marks, 1995. FRAGSTATS, spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-351. USDA, Forest service, Pacific, Northwest research station, Portland.
  7. Luck, M., Wu, J., 2002. A gradient analysis of urban landscape pattern: a case study from the Phoenix metropolitan, Arizona, USA. Landsc. Ecol. 17, 327–339.
  8. Dietzel, C., Herold, M., Hemphell, J.J., Clarke, K.C., 2005.  Spatio-temporal dynamics in California’s central valley: Empirical links to urban theory. Int. J. Geographic Information Science, 19(2), 175-195.
  9. Porter Bolland, L., Ellis, E.A., Cholz, F.L., 2007. Land use dynamics and landscape history in La Monta˜ na, Campeche. Landscape and Urban Planning, 82,198–207.
  10. Di Bari, J., 2007. Evaluation of five landscape-level metrics for measuring the effects of urbanisation on landscape structure: the case of Tucson, Arizona, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning. 79, 308–313.
  11. McGarigal, K., S.A. Cushman, M.C. Neel, E. Ene, 2002. FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
  12. Li, H., Wu, J., 2004. Use and misuse of landscape indices. Landsc. Ecol. 19, 389–399.
  13. Uuemaa, E., Antrop, M., Roosaare, J., Marja, R., Mander, U., 2009. Landscape metrics and indices: an overview of their use in landscape research. Living Rev. Landsc. Res. 3, http://www.livingreviews.org/lrlr-2009-1.
  14. Herold, M., Goldstein, N.C., Clarke, K.C., 2003. The spatiotemporal form of urban growth: measurement, analysis and modeling. Remote Sens. Environ. 86, 286–302.
  15. Kim, J., Ellis, C., 2009. Determining the effects of local development regulations on landscape structure: comparison of the woodlands and North Houston, TX. Landscape and Urban Planning. 92, 293–303.
  16. Lausch A, F. Herzog, 2002. Applicability of landscape metrics for the monitoring of landscape change: issues of scale, resolution and interpretability/ Ecological Indicators 2, 3–15.
  17. Petrov, L., Lavalle, C., Kasanko, M., 2009. Urban land use scenarios for a tourist region in Europe: applying the MOLAND model to Algarve, Portugal. Landscape and Urban Planning. 92, 10–23.
  18. Ramachandra T.V., A.H.  Bharath and   D.S. Durgappa. Insights to urban dynamics through landscape spatial pattern analysis, Int. J Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 18, 2012, 329- 43.
  19. Geri, F., Amici, V., & Rocchini, D., 2010. Human activity impact on the heterogeneity of a Mediterranean landscape. Applied Geography. 30(3), 370-379.
  20. Lin, Y., Han, G., Zhao, M., & Chang, S. X., 2010. Spatial vegetation patterns as early signs of desertification: a case study of a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Landscape Ecology. 10,1519-1527.
  21. Proulx, R., &Fahrig, L., 2010. Detecting human -driven deviations from trajectories in landscape composition and configuration. Landscape Ecology, 10, 1479-14 87.
  22. Patton, D.R., 1975. A diversity index for quantifying habitat “edge”. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 3:171–173.
  23. Forman, R.T.T., Gordron,M., 1986. Landscape Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 0-471-87037-4.
  24. O’Neill, R.V., Krummel, J.R., Gardner, R.H., Sugihara, G., Jackson, B.L., DeAngelis, D.L.,Milne, B.T., Turner, M.G., Zygmunt, B., Christensen, S.W., Dale, V.H., Graham, R.L.,1988. Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape and Ecology. 1, 153–162.
  25. Imbernon, J., Branthomme, A., 2001. Characterization of landscape patterns of deforestation in tropical rain forest. Int. J. Remote Sens. 22, 1753–1765.
  26. Fuller, D.O., 2001. Forest fragmentation in Loudoun County, Virginia, USA evaluated with multi temporal Landsat imagery. Landsc. Ecol. 16, 627–642.
  27. Haack, B. N., Guptill, S. C., Holz, R. K., Jampoler, S. M., Jensen, J. R., & Welch, R. A. (1997). Urban analysis and planning. In Philipson et al. (Eds.), Manual of photographic interpretation (2nd ed., p517–554).
  28. Lillesand, T.M., Keifer, R.W. 1987. Remote sensing and Image interpretation, John Willey and Sons, NewYork.
  29. Wu, J., Shen,W., Sun,W., Tueller, P.T., 2002. Empirical patterns of the effects of changing scale on landscape metrics. Landscape Ecology 17 (8), 761–782.
  30. Yu, X., Ng, C., 2006. An integrated evaluation of landscape change using remote sensing and landscape metrics: a case study of Panyu, Guangzhou. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27 (6), 1075–1092.
  31. Saura S, Castro S, 2007. Scaling functions for landscape pattern metrics derived from remotely sensed data: Are their sub pixel estimates really accurate? ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing 62, 201–216.
  32. Gustafson, E.J., 1998. Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: what is the state of the art? Ecosystems 1,143–156.
  33. Turner, M.G., 1989. Landscape ecology: the effects of pattern on process. Ann. Rev.Ecolog. Syst. 20, 171–197.
  34. Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H., 1990. Quantitative method in landscape ecology: an introduction. Ecolog. Stud. 82, 3–14.
  35. Ramachandra, T.V., and Kumar, U., 2008, Wetlands of Greater Bangalore, India: Automatic Delineation through Pattern Classifiers. Electronic Green Journal 26, Web URL: http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/index.php/egj/article/view/3171.
  36. Ramachandra, T.V., and Kumar, 2009. Urban Land surface temperature with land cover dynamics: multi-resolution, spatio-temporal data analysis of Greater Bangalore, International Journal of Geo informatics, 5(3), 43-53.
  37. Yeh, A. G. O., & Li, X. 2001. Measurement and monitoring of urban sprawl in a rapidly growing region using entropy. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 67(1), 83–90.
  38. Sudhira, H. S., Ramachandra, T. V., &Jagdish, K. S., 2004. Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamics and modeling using GIS. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo information, 5, 29–39.
  39. Aguilera, F., Luis Valenzuela M., Andre Botequilha-Leitao., 2011. Landscape metrics in the analysis of urban land uses patterns: A case study in a Spanish metropolitan area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 99, 3-4, 226-238.
  40. Taubenbock H. M., Wegmann, A. Roth, H. Mehl, S. Dech, 2009. Urbanisation in India – Spatiotemporal analysis using remote sensing data  Original Research Article Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 33, 3, 179 -188.
  41. Dong W, Zhang XL, Wang B., Duan Z.L, 2007. Expansion of Urmqi urban area and its spatial differentiation, Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 50,159-168.
  42. Riitters, K.H., O'Neill, R.V., Hunsaker, C.T., Wickham, J.D., Yankee, D.H., Timmins, S.P., Jones, K.B., Jackson, B.L., 1995. A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics, Landscape Ecology, 10(1), 23-39. 
  43. Jackson, D.A., 1993. Stopping rules in principal components analysis: a comparison of heuristical and statistical approaches. Ecology, 74, 2204–2214. 
  44. Sabatier, R., Lebreton, J.D., Chessel, D., 1989. Principal component analysis with instrumental variables as a tool for modelling composition data, 341-352.
  45. Samuel, A. C., McGarigal, k., Neel, M.C., 2008. Parsimony in landscape metrics: Strength, universality, and consistency Ecological Indicators, 8 (5), 691-703.
  46. TerBraak, J.F.C., 1986. Canonical Correspondence Analysis: A new Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis. Ecology, 67 (5), 1167-1179.
  47. Retuerto, R., Carballeira, A., 1991. Defining phytoclimatic units in Galicia, Spain, by means of multivariate methods. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2, 699-710.
  48. Palmer, M.W., 1993. Putting things in even better order – the advantages of canonical correspondence-analysis. Ecology, 74, 2215–2230.
BACK  «  TOP  »  NEXT
Citation : Ramachandra. T.V., Bharath Setturu and Bharath H. Aithal., 2012. Peri-Urban to Urban Landscape Patterns Elucidation through Spatial Metrics, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development. Volume 2, Issue 12 (August 2012), pp. 58-81.
* Corresponding Author :
  Dr. T.V. Ramachandra
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, India.
Tel : 91-80-23600985 / 22932506 / 22933099,      Fax : 91-80-23601428 / 23600085 / 23600683 [CES-TVR]
E-mail : cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in, energy@ces.iisc.ernet.in,     Web : http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy, http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/grass
E-mail    |    Sahyadri    |    ENVIS    |    GRASS    |    Energy    |      CES      |      CST      |    CiSTUP    |      IISc      |    E-mail