Materials

Remote sensing data

Multi-resolution remote sensing data of Landsat (a series of earth resource scanning satellites launched by the USA) satellite for the period 1973 to 2010 has been used. The time series of Landsat Series Multispectral sensor (57.5 meter) of 1973, Thematic mapper (28.5 meter) sensors for the years 1992 and 1999, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (30 meter) of 2003, 2008 and 2010, were downloaded from public domain USGS (http://glovis.usgs.gov/) and GLCF (http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/data). Survey of India (SOI) topo-sheets of 1:50000 and 1:250000 scales were used to generate base layers of city boundary, etc. City map with ward boundaries were digitized from the BBMP (Bruhat Bangalore MahanagaraPalike) map.  Ground control points to register and geo-correct remote sensing data were collected using pre-calibrated handheld GPS (Global Positioning System) and Google earth (http://earth.google.com).