Table 40 summarises the environmental impacts due to mismanagement of TPP and the required mitigation measures.

1. Salinity intrusion into the groundwater due to high porosity of soil (lateritic)  has rendered drinking water non palatable and unfit for different types of domestic usages.
2. Hydrocarbons leaching from the plant sites can be detrimental for the soil and aquatic microflora. The presence of the persistent oil spills will block the air water interface, consequently leading to anoxia and death of aquatic life.
3. Heavy metals in effluents which are discharged directly to surface water bodies or leached haslead to water (surface and also ground water) and soil contamination. The heavy metal pollution would ultimately lead to serious health impacts the occurrences of which are already noticeable in the health of local inhabitants.
4. Higher accumulation of heavy metals results in the uptake of the Heavy metals into the plant systems by the cation exchange capacity of the plants where they exchange the K+ present in the roots with essential cations present in the soil systems. Higher abundance of heavy metals in the soils systems would eventually lead to the trapping of the ions into plants. This again possesses serious threats to the crop yields as well as bio accumulation related health problems. This biogenic effect has a long term impact on the soil systems and the productivity of the local crops.
5. The heavy metals bio accumulate in the aquatic food chain as the polluted waters are openly let to the nearby streams and water bodies. This leads to hyper accumulation of Heavy metals in fish and causes toxicity to human health on consumption (based on heavy metal analysis)
6. The consumption of water with high salinities or TDS would eventually lead to sickness, severe dehydration, brain damage and ultimately death. High salt content in the drinking water affects the metabolism of the body largely. With higher salt influx the metabolism tries to balance the same effect by hydrating the body with every water molecules present in the body. This eventually leads to breakdown of the organ systems and the body stops functioning. The acute dehydration might lead to coma or permanent brain damage. The ability of the kidneys to send excess salt out of the body also collapses due to consistent usage of saline waters leading to renal failures.
7. The release of supersaturated salinemist due to insufficient desalination has led to the deposition of the salt in the immediate vicinity on plant parts, infrastructure, etc. This affects the morphology and the strength of the plants. The deposition of the saline particles on the foliar parts results in the plasmolysis of the cells thence killing the soft tissues which are directly exposed. The reduction in the foliar cell densities would in turn result in the decrease in the densities of the chloroplasts leading to reduced photosynthetic activities and lower crop yield. This is evident from the observation of chlorosis and necrotic spots on the vegetative parts of the flora in close proximities. The salt deposition also affects to large extent the reproductive parts as the male and the female reproductory organs of the flora, obstructing fertilisation. Also due to deposition of particulate matters with contaminants on the pollen of the flower has resulted in impairing pollination services. This is evident from reduced pollinators even in peak phonological season. The phyto-toxicity due to this has affected the crop yield. Also, due to deposition of dust the flower has lost their ability to attract pollinators which has affected the fertilisation and embryo formation.
8. It has been observed that the fly ash waste mismanagement have led to the increase in the PM in the environment. This especially leads to life threatening respiratory syndromes. Bronchitis, lung infection, alveolar stiffness and nasal mucosal infection. Higher instances in the occurrence of asthma are the pointer about air pollution. Improper handling of fly ash (transport) as well as mismanagement of the fly ash pond has seen the traces of fly ash in the surrounding vegetation, land, etc. The vegetation around have a phenomenon loss of their photosynthetic yield because of the lesser exposure of the sunlight to the leaves due to fly ash deposition. The fly ash deposits also close the stomatal opening of the leaves where in the plants completely losses the conduction/transport of the ions from the ground as a result of decrease in the rates of evapo-transpiration and thus transpiration pull. The closure of the guard cells leads to decrease in the exchange of gases which directly affects photosynthetic yield and eventually leads to plant death.
9. The pollutants from the emission during the coal burning as NOx and SOx also have a profound impact on the local people. The atmospheric SO₂ might solubilise in the rain and enter the ground waters as sulphurous acid (H₃SO₄) or sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄).
10. The alterations in the soil pH and ionic regimes have impacted the soil microflora, impairing its ability to mineralize organic matter, resulting in reduced soil fertility or soil nutrients. Apart from these, high variation of pH has lead to a decreased crop yield.

Table 40: the environmental impacts due to mismanagement of TPP and the required mitigation measures