|
Water Quality Monitoring: Materials and Methods
Water Quality Monitoring : Water samples were collected at each sampling locations (Table 1) from each source in clean polythene containers of 2.5 L capacity. The sample containers were labeled with a unique code and date of collection. pH, water temperature, Total Dissolved Solids, Salinity and Nitrates were recorded on spot using EXTECH COMBO electrode and Orion Ion Selective Electrode. Other parameters like chloride, hardness, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, fluoride, sulphate, phosphates, and coliform bacteria were analyzed in lab. All analyses were carried out as per methodologies in Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater APHA (1998). Detailed Methods are listed in Table 2. Figures 7 to 10 depicts the field data collection involving hydrological parameters (water velocity, duration of water flow, width of the stream, water quality, etc.).
Table 1: Details of the sampling sites (river basin-wise)
SITES |
CODE |
LATITUDE |
LONGITUDE |
Aghanashini River Basin (ARB) |
Sonda |
A1 |
74.4834 |
14.4868 |
Nellimadke |
A10 |
74.8431 |
14.5289 |
Neralamane |
A11 |
74.8439 |
14.4554 |
Balur |
A12 |
74.8098 |
14.4853 |
Baillalli |
A13 |
74.7920 |
14.3013 |
Hulidevarakodlu |
A2 |
74.6643 |
14.4040 |
Donehole |
A3 |
74.5878 |
14.4330 |
Deevalli |
A4 |
74.5584 |
14.4332 |
Ullurmatha |
A5 |
74.5823 |
14.3844 |
Yanahole |
A6 |
74.5355 |
14.5344 |
Jalagadde |
A7 |
74.6127 |
14.5480 |
Kurse |
A8 |
74.6900 |
14.5595 |
Sappurthi |
A9 |
74.7562 |
14.5234 |
Bedthi River Basin (BRB) |
Mathigadda |
B1 |
74.5926 |
14.6730 |
Vajgadde |
B10 |
74.6154 |
14.6213 |
Nycti.Site |
B11 |
74.6120 |
14.6390 |
Angadibail |
B12 |
74.5332 |
14.6067 |
Daanandhi |
B13 |
74.8667 |
14.7358 |
Hemmadi |
B14 |
74.8586 |
14.7510 |
Attiveri |
B15 |
75.0357 |
15.0759 |
Yerebail |
B16 |
74.9395 |
15.0470 |
Gunjavathi |
B17 |
74.9140 |
14.9921 |
Chitgeri |
B18 |
74.9834 |
14.8557 |
Karadrolli |
B19 |
74.8356 |
14.9918 |
Kammani |
B2 |
74.5958 |
14.7132 |
Dabguli |
B20 |
74.6572 |
14.8508 |
Ramanguli |
B21 |
74.6054 |
14.1238 |
Kalghatghi |
B22 |
74.9785 |
15.1586 |
Manchiker |
B23 |
74.7861 |
14.8910 |
Apageri |
B3 |
74.5840 |
14.6389 |
Hasehalla |
B4 |
74.5840 |
14.7551 |
Kaleswara |
B5 |
74.6095 |
14.7587 |
Andhalli |
B6 |
74.8016 |
14.6701 |
Makkigadde |
B7 |
74.4299 |
14.7095 |
Kelaginkeri |
B8 |
74.5926 |
14.6730 |
Devanahalli |
B9 |
74.6635 |
14.6281 |
Kali River Basin (KRB) |
Beegar |
K1 |
74.5818 |
14.9163 |
Astolli |
K10 |
74.5383 |
15.4289 |
Kervada |
K2 |
74.6368 |
15.2454 |
Mavlangi |
K3 |
74.5923 |
15.2561 |
Tatwala |
K4 |
74.7466 |
15.0879 |
Sakathi |
K5 |
74.3378 |
14.9185 |
Naithihole |
K6 |
74.2593 |
14.8543 |
Kesrolli |
K7 |
74.7412 |
15.3037 |
Kaneri |
K8 |
74.4676 |
15.0247 |
Badapoli |
K9 |
74.3560 |
15.0144 |
Sharavathi River Basin (SRB) |
Nandiholé |
S1 |
75.1245 |
14.0418 |
Haridravathi |
S2 |
75.1084 |
14.0209 |
Mavinaholé |
S3 |
75.1055 |
13.9735 |
Sharavathi |
S4 |
75.0804 |
13.8532 |
Hilkunji |
S5 |
75.0896 |
13.7730 |
Nagodiholé |
S6 |
74.8839 |
13.9269 |
Hurliholé |
S7 |
74.8428 |
13.9786 |
Yenneholé |
S8 |
74.7268 |
13.9650 |
Venkatapura River Basin (VRB) |
Badabhag |
V1 |
75.6293 |
14.0588 |
Bachochodi |
V10 |
74.6907 |
14.0901 |
Kelanur |
V11 |
74.6959 |
14.0653 |
Undalakatle |
V2 |
74.5900 |
14.0910 |
Midal |
V3 |
74.5543 |
14.0888 |
Arkala |
V4 |
74.6563 |
14.0415 |
Galibyle |
V5 |
74.6085 |
14.1038 |
Nagoli |
V6 |
74.6735 |
14.0946 |
Ondalasu |
V7 |
74.6028 |
14.1213 |
Hegganamakki |
V8 |
74.6848 |
14.1018 |
Kurandura |
V9 |
74.6616 |
14.0227 |
Table 2: Methods used for analysing water samples
Parameters |
Units |
Methods |
Section no. APHA, 1998. |
pH |
- |
Electrode Method |
4500-H+ B |
Water Temperature |
ºC |
2550 B |
Salinity |
ppm |
2520 B |
Total Dissolved Solids |
ppm |
2540 B |
Electrical Conductivity |
µS |
2510B
|
Dissolved Oxygen |
mg/L |
Iodometric method |
4500-O B |
Alkalinity |
mg/L |
HCl Titrimetric Method |
2320 B |
Chlorides |
mg/L |
Argentometric Method |
4500-Cl- B |
Total Hardness |
mg/L |
EDTA Titrimetric Method |
2340 C |
Calcium Hardness |
mg/L |
EDTA Titrimetric Method |
3500-Ca B |
Magnesium Hardness |
mg/L |
Calculation Method |
3500-Mg B |
Sodium |
mg/L |
Flame Emission Photometric Method |
3500-Na B |
Potassium |
mg/L |
Flame Emission Photometric Method |
3500-K B |
Fluorides |
mg/L |
SPADNS method |
4500-F- D |
Nitrates |
mg/L |
Nitrate Electrode method and Phenol Disulphonic Acid Method |
4500-NO3- D |
Sulphates |
mg/L |
Turbidimetric method |
4500-SO42- E |
Phosphates |
mg/L |
Stannous Chloride Method |
4500-P D |
|
Dr. T.V. Ramachandra
Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning (CiSTUP), Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail : cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Tel: 91-080-22933099/23600985,
Fax: 91-080-23601428/23600085
Web: http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy
Subash Chandran M.DEnergy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: mds@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Joshi N.V.Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: nvjoshi@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Karthick B.
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
Sameer Ali
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
Vishnu D. Mukri
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
Citation:Ramachandra T.V., Subash Chandran M.D., Joshi N.V., Karthick B., Sameer Ali, Vishnu D. Mukri, 2012. Ecohydrology of Lotic Ecosystems of Uttara Kannada, Central Western Ghats , ENVIS Technical Report 40, Energy & Wetlands Research Group, CES, IISc, Bangalore, India.
| Contact Address : |
| |
Dr. T.V. Ramachandra
Energy & Wetlands Research Group,
Centre for Ecological Sciences, TE 15, New Biology Building, Third Floor, E Wing, [Near D Gate], Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
Tel : 91-80-22933099 / 22933503-extn 107
Fax : 91-80-23601428 / 23600085 / 23600683 [CES-TVR]
E-mail : cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in, energy@ces.iisc.ernet.in,
Web : http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy |
|
