Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Bioethanol from macroalgae: Prospects and challenges
aEnergy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560012, India.
bCentre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
*Corresponding author:
 Ramachandra T.V   emram.ces@courses.iisc.ac.in
Deepthi Hebbale , deepthih@iisc.ac.in
5. Conclusion

The growing need to cater the energy demand coupled with the urge to mitigate GHG footprint in the energy sector has necessitated inventorying of renewable and sustainable energy alternatives. Green seaweeds have the potential to serve as a renewable and sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production. Dilute acid, H2SO4 is an appropriate pretreatment method for extraction of sugars from algal biomass. Algal biomass pretreated using dilute acid yields higher sugar during enzyme hydrolysis by exposing cellulose fibres for enzyme degradation. Neutralization using Na2CO3 exhibited lower sugar removal for U.lactuca (39.8%) and E.intestinalis (14.7%). Green seaweeds U.lactuca and E. intestinalis are viable feedstock for bioethanol production due to higher carbohydrate content of 62.15% and 40.1% respectively. Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process yielded higher conversion efficiency compared to SHF (Separate hydrolysis and fermentation) process and SSF achieved higher efficiency for U.lactuca indicating fermentation of more than one sugar present in the medium. Toddy yeast strain exhibited higher efficacy in fermentation of E.intestinalis hydrolysate in both SHF and SSF process achieving 25.8% and 77.4% efficiency respectively. Macroalgal biomass has potential to produce various value added products of commercial significance in addition to the production of biofuels. The study highlights the scope for bioethanol from macroalgae and also the availability of potential sites for cultivation. The comprehensive knowledge of macro algal resources distribution, seasonality and biochemical composition through field survey and choice of appropriate enzyme and yeast would aid in realizing the path of the sustainable, economical and commercially viable biofuel.


 

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Citation :T.V. Ramachandra, Deepthi Hebbale, 2019, Bioethanol from macroalgae: Prospects and challenges, Available online 17 October 2019 1364-0321/© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109479 Received 24 February 2019; Received in revised form 23 September 2019; Accepted 8 October 2019
* Corresponding Author :
Dr. T.V. Ramachandra
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, India.
Tel : +91-80-2293 3099/2293 3503 [extn - 107],      Fax : 91-80-23601428 / 23600085 / 23600683 [CES-TVR]
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