LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS
Landscape systems are major challenges as their complex interactions of environmental factors and driving forces continuously alter the composition of species, and these dynamics are reflected on different landscape patterns (Fry, 1998; Lambin et al., 2001). Landscape patterns depend on scale and time and hence are dependent on the observations (Delcourt et al., 1983; Turner et al., 1989), which tend to respond with varied time lags to changing environmental conditions (Lofvenhaft et al., 2002). Landscape pattern subjected to development and disturbances undergo rapid alterations in its grain sizes. Pattern and scale are therefore central issues in urban dynamics and require appropriate analyses. It also acts as a valuable surface upon to implement planning and management actions due to ecological, economic, and cultural values attached to the landscape. Seasonality/temporal complexity of constant changes and human induced changes in the landscape were addressed since copper and iron ages (Forman & Godron, 1986). These modification and associated landscape dynamics are understood using patterns of human role in the landscape as a gradient. Highly diversified landscapes based on its dynamics are divided into five types as natural, managed, cultivable, suburban and urban. These changes on time (temporal) and spatial scales are characterized by size, shape, number and origin of patches in addition to factors such as matrix, habitations and different kinds of corridors (Forman & Godron, 1986). Urban landscape and peri-urban landscape are characterized on their coexistence in a particular ecosystem.
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