REFERENCES

1. Alves MAS, Pimm SL, Storni A, Raposo MA, de M, Brooke L, Harris G, Foster A, Jenkins CN (2008) Mapping and exploring the distribution of a threatened bird, Grey-winged Cotinga. ORYX 42(4): 562-566.
2. APHA (1985) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Assoc., (American Waterworks Assoc., Water Pollution Control Federation), Washington, DC, pp 1(1)-4(152).
3. Armitage PD, Moss D, Wright JF, Furse MT (1983) The performance of a new biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water Res. 17(3): 333–347.
4. Atazadeh I, Sharifi M, Kelly MG (2007) Evaluation of the Trophic Diatom Index for assessing water quality in River Gharasou, western Iran, Hydrobiol.589: 165-17.
5. Bennion HB, Smith, MA (2000) Variability in water chemistry of shallow ponds in southeast England, with special reference to the seasonality of nutrients and implications for modelling trophic status. Hydrobiol. 436:145–158.
6. Beyene A, Legesse W (2005) Pollution status of river Borkena, Ethiopia. Sponsored Jimma University and Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency, unpublished.
7. Beyene A, Addis T, Kifle D, Legesse W, Kloos H, Triest L (2009) Comparative study of diatoms and macroinvertebrates as indicators of severe water pollution: case study of the Kebena and Akaki rivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ecol. Indic. 9: 381–392.
8. Blanco S, Ector L, Bécares E (2004) Epiphytic diatoms as water quality indicators in Spanish shallow lakes. Vie. Milieu. 54(2–3): 71–79.
9. Bode RW, Novak MA, Abele LE, Heitzman DL, Smith AJ (2002) Quality assurance work plan for Biological stream monitoring in New York State. Stream Biomonitoring Unit Bureau of Water Assessment and Management. Division of Water. NYS Department of Environmental Conservation 625 Broadway. Albany, NY 12233. pp 1-122.
10. Bredenhand E (2005) Evaluation of macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality and the assessment of the impact of the Klein Plass Dam on the Eerste River. pHD thesis. pp 1-180.
11. Chessman BC, Growns I, Curreys J, Plunket-Cole N (1999) Predicting diatom communities at the genus level for the rapid biological assessment of rivers. Freshwater Biol. 41: 317-331.
12. Council of European communities. (2000). Council of European Communities Directive 2000/60/EEC of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of European Communities L327/1.
13. Crane M, Higman M, Olsen T, Simpson P, Callaghan A, Fisher T, Kheir R (2000) An in situ system for exposing aquatic invertebrates to contaminated sediments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19(11):2715-2719.
14. De Pauw N, Heylen S (2001) Biotic index for sediment quality assessment of watercourses in Flanders, Belgium. Aquat. Ecol. 35:121-133.
15. Downing JA (1991) The effect of habitat structure on the spatial distribution of freshwater invertebrate populations. Pages 87-106 in S. S. Bell, E. D. McCoy, and H. Mushinsky (editors). Habitat structure: the physical arrangement of objects in space. Chapman and Hall, London.
16. European Parliament and Council. (2000). Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities 327: 1–73.
17. Fraser FC, (1933-36) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Odanata, Vols. I-III. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London.
18. Giller PS, Malmqvist, B (1998) The biology of streams and rivers. Oxford University press, Oxford, pp. 296.
19. Gonçalves V, Raposeiro P, Costa A (2008) Benthic diatoms and macroinvertebrates in the assessment of the ecological status of Azorean streams. Limnetica 27: 317-328.
20. Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, Kantzaris JV, Katharios P, Kaspiris P, Georgiadis T, Montesantou P (2003) An application of different bioindicators for assessing water quality: a case study in the rivers Alfeios and Pineios (Peloponnisos Greece), Ecol. Indic. 2: 345–360.
21. Kelly MG, Cazaubon A, Coring E, Dell’uomo A, Ector L, Goldsmith B, Guasch H, Hürlimann J, Jarlman A, Kawecka B, Kwadrans J, Laugaste R, Lindstrom EA, Leitao M, Marvan P, Padisák J, Pipp E, Prygiel J, Rott E, Sabater S, VanDam H, Vizinet J (1998) Recommendations for the routine sampling of diatoms for water quality assessments in Europe. J. Appl. Phycol. 10: 215- 224.
22. Nautiyal P, Verma J (2009) Taxonomic Richness and Diversity of the Epilithic Diatom Flora of the Two Biogeographic Regions of the Indian Subcontinent. Bulletin of the National Institute of Ecology. 19: 1-4.
23. Karthick B, Krithika H, Alakananda B (2008) Short Guide to common freshwater Diatom Genera (Poster). Energy and Wetlands Research Group, CES, IISc, Bangalore.
24. Kitner M, Pouličková A (2003) Littoral diatoms as indicators for the eutrophication of shallow lakes. Hydrobiol. 506/509: 519–524.
25. Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H (1986-1991) Bacillariophyceae. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2, 1-4. SpektrumAkademischerVerlag, Heidelberg. Berlin
26. Kucuk S, 2008. The effect of organic pollution on benthic macroinvertabrate fauna in the Kirmir Stream in the Sakarya Basin. ADÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 5: 5-12.
27. Lamberti GA (1996) The role of periphyton in benthic food webs. In: Stevenson RJ, Bothwell ML, Lowe RL, editors. Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems Academic Press, San Diego, CA p. 533–572.
28. Lange-Bertalot H (2001) Naviculasensu strict. 10 Genera separated from Naviculasensulato-frustulia. In: Lange-Bertalot H. editor. Diatoms of Europe. Diatoms of the European Inland waters and comparable Habitats. 1 526. A.R.G. GantnerVerlag K.G. Ruggell.
29. Leelahakriengkrai P, Peerapornpisal P (2010) Diversity of Benthic diatoms and water quality of the Ping river, Northern Thailand. Environ. Asia 3(1):82–94.
30. Lenat DR, Crawford JK (1994) Effects of land use on water quality and aquatic biota of three North Carolina piedmont streams. Hydrobiol. 294(3):185–200.
31. Lougheed VL, McIntosh MD, Parker CA, Stevenson RJ (2008) Wetland degradation leads to homogenization of biota at multiple trophic levels and spatial scales. Freshwater Biol. 53:2412–2413.
32. Mance G (1987) Pollution Threat of Heavy Metals in Aquatic Environments, Elsevier Applied Science, Barking, New York p. 23.
33. McCormick PV, Cairns J (1994) Algae as indicators of environmental change. J. Appl. Phycol. 6:509–526.
34. Morse CJ, Lianfang Y, Lixin T (1994) Aquatic Insects of China useful for monitoring water quality. Hohai University Press. Nanjiing People’s Republic of china p. 569.
35. Niemi GJ, Brady VJ, Brown TN, Ciborowski JJH, Danz NP, Ghioca DM, Hanowski JM, Hollenhorst TP, Howe RW, Johnson LB, et al. (2009) Development of ecological indicators for the U.S. Great Lakes coastal region – A summary of applications in Lake Huron. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health. 12(1):77–89.
36. Pan Y, Herlihy A, Kaufmann M, Wigington J, van Sickle J, Moser T (2004) Linkages among land-use, water quality, physical habitat conditions and lotic diatom assemblages: a multi-spatial scale assessment. Hydrobiol. 515:59–73.
37. Power ME (1990) Effects of fish in river food webs. Science (Washington, D.C.) 250:811–814.
38. Potapova M, Charles DF (2003) Distribution of benthic diatoms in U.S. Rivers in relation to conductivity and ionic composition. Freshwater Biol. 48:1311–1328.
39. Poulíčková A, Neustupa J, Špačková J, Škaloud P (2008) Distribution of epipelic diatoms in artificial fishponds along environmental and spatial gradients. Hydrobiol. 624:81–90.
40. Ramachandra TV, Kiran R, Ahalya N (2002) Status, Conservation and management of wetland. Allied publishers (P) Ltd.India.
41. Ramachandra TV (2008) Spatial Analysis and Characterisation of Lentic Ecosystems: A Case Study of Varthur Lake, Bangalore. International Journal of Ecology & Development Winter; Vol. 9; No. W08; International Journal of Ecological Development p. 39–56.
42. Ramachandra TV, Kumar U (2008) Spatial Decision Support System for Land Use Planning, The Icfai University J. Environ. Sci. 2(3):7–19.
43. Ramakrishna, Dey A (2007) Handbook on Indian Freshwater Molluscs. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata
44. Rasmussen KJ (1988) Ploughing, direct drilling and reduced cultivation for cereals. Dan. J. Plant Soil Science. 92:233–248.
45. Reid MA, Tibby JC, Penny D, Gell PA (1995) The use of diatoms to assess past and present water quality. Aust. J. Ecol. 20:57–64.
46. Reid MA, Ogden RW (2009) The importance of habitat, biogeography and hydrology as drivers of diatom distributions in floodplain lakes of the southeast Murray Basin (Australia) and implications for palaeolimnological studies. J. Paleolimnol. 41(3):453–470.
47. Rico A, Waichman AV, Geber-Corrêa R, van den Brink PJ (2011) Effects of malathion and carbendazim on Amazonian freshwater organisms: comparison of tropical and temperate species sensitivity distributions. Ecotoxicol. 20(4):625–634.
48. Robbins JA, Keilty TJ, White DS, Edgington DN (1989) Relationships between tubificid abundances, sediment composition, and accumulation rates in Lake Erie. Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 46:223–231.
49. Rosenbergd M, Resh VH (1993) Introduction to freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. In: Rosenberg DM, Resh VH. editors. Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman and Hall, New York p.1–9.
50. Schartau AK, Moe SJ, Sandin L, McFarland B, Raddum GG (2008) Macroinvertebrate indicators of lake acidification: analysis of monitoring data from UK, Norway Sweden. Aquat. Ecol. 42(2):293–305.
51. Schletterer M, Schönhuber M, Füreder L (2011) Biodiversity of ditoms and macroinvertebrates in an east European Lowland river, the Tudovka River (Tver Region, Russia). Boreal Env. Res. 16:79–90.
52. Simkhada B, Jüttner I, Chimonides PJ (2006) Diatoms in lowland ponds of KoshiTappu, Eastern Nepal—relationships with chemical and habitat characteristics. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. 91:574–593.
53. Smith AJ, Bode RW, Kleppel GS (2007) A nutrient biotic index (NBI) for use with benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Ecol. Indic. 7:371–386.
54. Soininen J (2004) Benthic Diatom Community Structure in Boreal Streams; Distribution Patterns along Environmental and Spatial Gradients. Academic Dissertation in Limnology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
55. Soininen J (2007) Environmental and spatial control of freshwater diatoms -a review. Diatom Res, 22:473–490.
56. Soininen J, Könönen K (2004) Comparative study of monitoring South-Finnish rivers and streams using diatom and macroinvertebrate community structure. Aquat. Ecol. 38:63–75.
57. Soininen J, Paavola R, Muotka T (2004) Bentic diatom communities in boreal streams: community structure in relation to environmental and spatial gradients, Ecography 27:330–342.
58. Stevenson RJ, Pan Y (1999) Assessing environmental conditions in rivers and streams with diatoms. In: Stoermer EF, Smol JP. editors. The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 11–40.
59. Stoermer EF, Smol JP (1999) The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. p.1–469. 
60. SubbaRao NV (1989) Handbook of Freshwater Molluscs of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
61. Trivedy RK, Goel PK (1986) Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies. Environmental Publications, Aligarh.
62. Taylor JC, de la Rey PA, van Rensburg L (2005) Recommendations for the collection, preparation and enumeration of diatoms from riverine habitats for water quality monitoring in South Africa. Af. J Aquat. Sci. 30:65–75.
63. Taylor JC, Harding WR, Archibald CGM (2007a). An Illustrated Guide to Some Common Diatom Species from South Africa. WRC Report TT 282/07. Water Research Commission. Pretoria.
64. Taylor JC, Archibald CGM, Harding WG (2007b) A Methods Manual for the Collection, Preparation and Analysis of Diatom Samples. WRC Report No TT 281/07. Water Research Commission, Pretoria. South Africa.
65. Taylor JC, Harding WR, Archibald CGM (2007c) An Illustrated Guide to Some Common Diatom Species from South Africa. WRC Report TT. p. 282.
66. Triest L, Kaur P, Heylen S, de Pauw N (2001) Comparative monitoring of diatoms, macroinvertebrates and macrophytes in the Woluwe River (Brussels, Belgium). Aquat. Ecol. 35:9–17.
67. Woodiwiss FS (1964) The biological system of stream classification used by the River Trent Board. Chem. Ind. 14:443–447.