We are grateful to (a) the Natural Resources Data Management System (NRDMS) division, the Ministry of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India; (b) the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India; and (c) the Indian Institute of Science for their sustained financial and infrastructure support. We thank Dr Sunil Panwar, Deputy Conservator of Forest (DCF), Bannerghatta National Park, Karnataka Forest Department, for entrusting the study and seeing to all necessary arrangements during our field research. We are grateful to Mr Vishnu Narain and Rama Krishna (RK) Mission, Shivanahalli, for arranging local logistics.