Untitled Document

Section	Contents
1	INTRODUCTION	View as Pdf
1.1	Background
1.2	Outputs of the process
1.3	NBSAP : a participatory process
1.4	Steps of the strategy and action plan (SAP) for Uttara Kannada
1.5	Objectives of the SAP
1.6	Methodology used
		View as Pdf
2	PROFILE OF AREA
2.1	Geographical
2.2	Administrative
2.3	Socio-economic
2.4	Ecological
2.4.1	Climate
2.4.2	Geology
2.4.3	Geographical distinctness
2.4.4	Forests
2.4.5	Inland water bodies
2.4.6	Grasslands
2.4.7	Rock outcrops
2.4.8	Marine/coastal habitats
2.4.9	Agricultural systems
2.5	History
2.6	Industrialisation
2.7	Power generation
2.8	Project Seabird and Konkan Railway

3	CURRENT (KNOWN) RANGE OF BIODIVERSITY	View as Pdf
3.1	State of natural ecosystems
3.1.1	Plants
3.1.2	Animals
3.2	State of domesticated/semi-domesticated species/varieties
3.3	Relation between wild and domesticated varieties

4	PROBLEMS: FORESTS WILDLIFE AND DOMESTICATED BIODIVERSITY	View as Pdf
4.1	Forests
4.1.1	Shrinkage in area of natural forests
4.1.2	Lack of biodiversity and watershed based approach
4.1.3	People-centred forestry not getting deserving attention
4.1.4	No effective fire management in forests
4.1.5	Forest encroachment not seen in historical context
4.1.6	Community heritage centres within forests, such as sacred groves, not given due recognition
4.1.7	Habitat changes, hunting and decline of biodiversity
4.1.8	Contract system for NTFP collection an affront on local livelihoods
4.1.9	Opportunistic exploitation of medicinal plants
4.1.10	Decline in honey production
4.1.11	Degraded state of soppinbettas
4.1.12	Dead wood collection related problems
4.1.13	Increasing pressure on perennial streams/swamps and primary forests
4.2	Domesticated biodiversity
4.2.1	No action plan for conservation of traditional crop varieties
4.2.2	Increased application of pesticides and chemicals
4.2.3	Need for greater involvement of women
4.2.4	Land use changes
4.2.5	Shrimp aquaculture and the decline of salt tolerant rice
4.2.6	Infected crops

5	PROBLEMS RELATING TO COASTAL AND MARINE BIODIVERSITY	View as Pdf
5.1	Too many boats and too little fish
5.2	Ominous shift in fish catch
5.3	Collapse of artisanal fishery
5.4	No uniformity in the fishing regulations of the coastal states
5.5	Over-commercialization of fishing sector
5.6	Unemployment among fishing communities
5.7	The effect of fish famine on the financial security of fisher-women
5.8	Ever-increasing threats to the estuaries
5.9	Intensive aquaculture: an onslaught on estuarine ecosystem
5.10	Improper drainage in the gajnis
5.11	Impact of permanent dams on livelihoods
5.12	The travails of the (estuarine) fisher-women
5.13	Shell mining in the coastal rivers
5.14	Unregulated sand mining in rivers
5.15	Difficulty in determining stocking levels in aqua-farms
5.16	Absence of participatory management
5.17	The value of sea beaches as ecosystems ignored
5.18	Pollution of coastal waters goes unchecked and unreported
5.19	Impact of large developmental projects on the coast
5.20	Defense Department not associated with environmental protection

6	MAJOR ACTORS AND THEIR CURRENT ROLES RELEVANT TO BIODIVERSITY	View as Pdf
6.1	Governmental
6.2	Citizens groups/NGOs/other organisations
6.3	Local communities
6.4	Biodiversity/biomass based industries
6.5	Conclusions

7	ONGOING BIODIVERSITY-RELATED INITIATIVES	View as Pdf
7.1	Governmental
7.1.1	Forests and wildlife
7.1.2	Biological Diversity Bill
7.2	Legal
7.3	NGO initiatives/activism
7.4	Gap analysis

8	ACTION PLAN FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF UTARA KANNADA'S BIODIVERSITY	View as Pdf
8.1	Domesticated biodiversity
8.1.1	Creation of database on diversity of crop plants
8.1.2	Creation of database on diversity of crop plants
8.1.3	Promotion of organic farming
8.1.4	Facilitation of women in crop conservation
8.2	Forest Biodiversity
8.2.1	Watershed based approach for forest management
8.2.2	Protection of relics of primary forests
8.2.3	Forestry to be people and biodiversity centred
8.2.4	Dispensing with the contract system for NTFP collection
8.2.5	Enrichment of forests in biodiversity to support more livelihoods
8.2.6	Biodiversity rich forest patches as heritage sites
8.2.7	Protection of riparian forests
8.2.8	Strategy for fire management in forests
8.2.9	Measures for wildlife protection
8.2.10	Conservation of wild relatives of cultivated plants
8.2.11	Protection of forests from increased tourism
8.2.12	Anshi to be part of Sahyadri Ecologically Sensitive Area
8.3	Coastal and Marine ecosystems
8.3.1	Mangrove planting and protection
8.3.2	Regulation of marine fishing to sustainable limits
8.3.3	Regulation of marine fishing to sustainable limits
8.3.4	Aghanashini river estuary to be Ecologically Sensitive Area
8.3.5	Restrictions on prawn catching during breeding period
8.3.6	Pollution control in the prawn farms
8.3.7	Periodical ban on over-exploited fish species
8.3.8	Education programme on sustainable use of fish resources
8.3.9	Welfare measures for fishing community women
8.3.10	Protection of fish breeding areas
8.3.11	Protection of ecology of sea beaches
8.3.12	Promotion of eco-tourism in beaches
8.3.13	Shell-mining and sand mining in rivers/estuaries to be re-examined
8.3.14	Indian Navy and Coast Guard in environmental protection
8.3.15	Monitoring, controlling pollution
8.3.16	Inventorying coastal and marine biodiversity
8.3.17	Compilation of community based inventories
8.3.18	Museum on community fisheries
8.3.19	Protection of all coastal rivers and their estuaries
8.4	General issues
8.4.1	A Biodiversity Centre for Uttara Kannada
8.4.2	Making people partners in conservation
8.4.3	Livelihood security through biodiversity enrichment
8.4.4	Creation of village fodder farms
8.4.5	Pollution monitoring and control centre
8.4.6	Ex-situ conservation measures
8.4.7	Human resources development for biodiversity management
8.4.8	Conservation of the endemic fishes of Uttara Kannada rivers
8.4.9	Employment generation through eco-tourism

9	References	View as Pdf

	List of Figures	View as Pdf
2.1	Map of Uttara Kannada district
5.1	Relative proportion of fish catch by mechanized vs. non-mechanized sectors
5.2	Increase in mechanized boats vs. fish catch in Uttara Kannada
5.3	Mackerel catch in Uttara Kannada (1972-73 to 1999-2000)
5.4	Oil sardine catch in Uttara Kannada (1972-73 to 1999-2000)
5.5	Shark catch in Uttara Kannada (1972-73 to 1999-2000)
5.6	Cat fish catch in Uttara Kannada (1972-73 to 1999-2000)
5.7	Seer fish catch in Uttara Kannada (1972-73 to 1999-2000)
5.8	Pomfret catch in Uttara Kannada (1972-73 to 1999-2000)
5.9	Prawn catch in Uttara Kannada (1972-73 to 1999-2000)
5.10	Silver bellies catch in Uttara Kannada (1992-73 to 1999-2000)
5.11	Decline of Rampani fishing in Uttara Kannada

	Appendix-I List of marine-estuarine invertebrates of Uttara Kannada	View as Pdf
	Appendix-II Notable endemic tree, shrub and climber species of the Western Ghats found in Uttara Kannada	View as Pdf
	Appendix-III Uttara Kannada: List of important flowering plants	View as Pdf