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Ecological Status of Protected Areas (PA) in Northern Western Ghats – Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat States
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Ecological Status of Protected Areas (PA) in Northern Western Ghats – Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat States

Ramachandra T V, Arjun S.R. and Bharath Setturu  Cite
ENVIS[RP], Environmental Information System, Energy and Wetlands Research Group,
Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science - 560012
envis.ces@iisc.ac.in    tvr@iisc.ac.in      Phone: 080 22933099/22933503

Results and Discussion

 GOA

MOLLEM NATIONAL PARK
A total of 17 species are reported from Mollem National Park, which includes 2 mammalian species, 2 avian species, 4 reptilian species, 6 insects, and 1 arachinida species (Figure19-22-). Macaca radiata and Bos gaurus are the mammal species. Geckoella albofasciatus, Trimeresurus gramineus, Trimeresurus malabaricus, Hypnale hypnale etc. Endemic species are Pedostibes tuberculosus, Pseudophilautus amboli, Chilobrachys fimbriatus, Anthracoceros coronatus, Geckoella albofasciatus, Trimeresurus gramineus, Trimeresurus malabaricus, and Hypnale hypnale). Pseudophilautus amboli, Pedostibes tuberculosus, Bos gaurus are of threatened category. A total of 723 Flora species with a maximum number of species (60) from Fabaceae followed by Poaceae (40 species), Rubiaceae, 40 species, Acanthaceae and Orchidaceae 34 species (Figure 23-52). Among these, 170 are endemic, and some of them are Porpax jerdoniana, Smithsonia viridiflora, Arenga wightii, Emblica officinalis (Phyllanthus emblica), Arundinella metzii, Bambusa bambos, Capillipedium filiculme, Dimeria stapfiana, Garnotia arborum, Glyphochloa acuminata, Glyphochloa veldkampii, Zeylanidium sessilis, Drypetes venusta, Smythea bombaiensis, Ventilago denticulate, Ziziphus mauritiana, Argostemma courtallense, Haldina cordifolia, Hedyotis corymbosa, Hymenodictyon obovatum, Ixora brachiata, Ixora elongate, Ixora malabarica, Mussaenda glabrata, Mussaenda laxa, Neanotis rheedei, Neanotis subtilis . There are 13 threatened species, including Garcinia indica, Hopea ponga, Diospyros candolleana, Diospyros paniculata, Cinnamomum sulphuratum, Myristica malabarica, Arenga wightii, Ixora malabarica, Saraca asoca etc..

Figure 19. Distribution of Amphibia, Arachinida, Aves, Insecta and Mammalia in Mollem National Park
Figure 20. Distribution of Reptilia in Mollem National Park

Figure 21. Distribution of Endemic Fauna in Mollem National Park
Figure 22. Distribution based on Conservation Status of Fauna in Mollem National Park

Figure 23. Distribution of Acanthaceae Family in Mollem National Park
Figure 24. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 25. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park Figure 26. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 26. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 27. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 28. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 29. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 30. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 31. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 32. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 33. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 34. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 35. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 36. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 37. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 38. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 39. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park Figure 40. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 40. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 41. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 42. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 43. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 44. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 45. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 46. Distribution of Rubiaceae Family in Mollem National Park

Figure 47. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park
Figure 48. Distribution of Flora Families in Mollem National Park

Figure 49. Distribution based on Conservation Status of Flora in Mollem National Park
Figure 50. Distribution based on Endemism of Flora in Mollem National Park

Figure 51. Distribution based on Endemism of Flora in Mollem National Park Figure 52. Distribution based on Endemism of Flora in Mollem National Park
Figure 52. Distribution based on Endemism of Flora in Mollem National Park

GUJARAT
Vansda National Park
Total 117 faunal species which includes 46 reptiles, 14 amphibians, 8 aves, 68 insects & 1 arachinida (Figure 53-57). Among these 31 are endemic, which include Bufo melanostictus, Ramanella montana, Tockus birostris or Ocyceros birostris, Boiga forsteni, Kallima horsfieldii, Delias eucharis, Lycodon travancoricus, Dendrelaphis tristis, Calotes rouxii, Lygosoma guentheri, Mabuya carinata, Eryx conicus, Eryx johnii, Python molurus, Ahaetulla nasuta and one threatened species Python molurus , categorised as Vulnerable .
Flora species (16) Include Hyophila involuta, Stereophyllum decorum, Stereophyllum setschwanicum, Sterculia guttata, Toona ciliata, Wrightia dolichocarpa, Melia dubia etc (Figure 58-63)

MAHARASHTRA
Chandoli National Park
Chandoli national park has 158 species among these 30 mammals, 108 bird species, 14 reptiles, and 4 amphibian species data (Figure 64-71). Nine threatened categories are 3 are critically endangered and 6 are vulnerable. Ophrysia superciliosa, Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus were the critically endangered species and Columba elphinstonii, Panthera pardus, Melursus ursinus, Tetracerus quadricornis, Cnemaspis indica, Python molurus . The endemic fauna found is Columba elphinstonii.
89 Flora species of 39 families and most belong to Rubiacea family, and 7 species belong to the rest (Figure 72-79). 8 threatened species which are 2 in critically endangered, 5 in vulnerable and 1 in endangered. 18 endemic species (Figure 6.267) are Nothopegia castanaefolia, Nothopegia castanaefolia, Nothopegia castanaefolia, Nothopegia castanaefolia, Aglaia elaeagnoidea, Meiogyne pannosa, Maytenus rothiana, Dimorphocalyx glabellus var. Lawianus, Drypetes venusta, Glochidion ellipticum var. Ellipticum, Flacourtia Montana, Actinodaphne angustifolia, Litsea stocksii, Lagerstroemia microcarpa, Psychotria truncate, Holigarna grahamii, Tabernaemontana heyneana, Garcinia talbotii, Artocarpus hirsutus, Myristica dactyloides, are Ixora notoniana.

Figure 53. Distribution of Amphibia in Vansda National Park
Figure 54. Distribution of Aves & Arachinda in Vansda National Park

Figure 55. Distribution of Insecta in Vansda National Park
Figure 56. Distribution of Reptiles in Vansda National Park

Figure 57. Distribution of Fauna in Vansda National Park

Figure 58. Distribution based on Conservation Status of Flora in Vansda National Park
Figure 59. Distribution of Endemic Fauna in Vansda National Park

Figure 60. Distribution of Flora Families in Vansda National Park
Figure 61. Distribution of Flora Families in Vansda National Park

Figure 62. Distribution based on Endemism of Flora in Vansda National Park
Figure 63. Distribution of based on Conservation Status of Flora in Vansda National Park

Figure 64. Distribution of Mammalia in Chandoli National Park
Figure 65. Distribution of Reptilia in Chandoli National Park

Figure 66. Distribution of Aves in Chandoli National Park
Figure 67. Distribution of Aves in Chandoli National Park

Figure 68. Distribution of Amphibia in Chandoli National Park
Figure 69. Distribution of based on Conservation Status of Flora in Vansda National Park

Figure 70. Distribution based on Endemism of Fauna in Chandoli National Park
Figure 71. Distribution of Flora in Chandoli National Park

Figure 72. Distribution based on Endemism of Flora in Chandoli National Park
Figure 73. Distribution of Flora Families in Chandoli National Park

Figure 74. Distribution of Flora Families in Chandoli National Park
Figure 75. Distribution of Flora Families in Chandoli National Park

Figure 76. Distribution of Flora Families in Chandoli National Park
Figure 77. Distribution of Flora Families in Chandoli National Park

Figure 78. Distribution of Flora Families in Chandoli National Park
Figure 79. Distribution based on Conservation Status of Flora in Chandoli National Park

Goa region has higher value of endemism in protected areas (Table 7). The maximum number of fauna species (817) are recorded in Koyna National Park, Maharashtra (Table 8).
Table 7. Total number of threatened and endemic species in National Parks (Study Area)
SNO Protected Area District Fauna Endemic Fauna Threatened Fauna Flora Endemic Fauna Threatened Flora
1 Mollem Goa 17 7 3 722 170 14
2 Chandoli Maharashtra 158 1 13 89 21 11
3 Vansda Gujarat 131 32 1 16 1 0

Table 8. Total number of threatened and endemic species in Wildlife Sanctuaries and Tiger Reserves (Study Area)
Sl.No Protected Area (*WLS & *TR) District Fauna Endemic Fauna Threatened Fauna Flora Endemic Fauna Threatened Flora
1 Bondla WLS Goa 107 14 1 1 1 1
2 Cotigao WLS Goa 12 6 1 1 0 0
3 Mhadei WLS Goa 12 3 1 0 0 0
4 Netravali WLS Goa 25 7 0 2 0 0
5 Bhimashankar WLS Maharashtra 513 90 13 36 6 1
6 Kalsubai WLS Maharashtra 14 4 0 23 4 0
7 Karnal Fort WLS Maharashtra 17 4 0 13 0 0
8 Koyna WLS Maharashtra 817 149 42 1 0 0
9 Mayureshwar WLS Maharashtra 96 0 0 19 7 0
10 Nandur WLS Maharashtra 41 1 0 11 0 0
11 Radhanagari WLS Maharashtra 155 33 7 13 3 0
12 Tansa WLS Maharashtra 2 2 1 1 1 0
12 Tansa WLS Gujarat 133 3 1 13 3 0

*WLS – Wildlife Sanctuary, *TR- Tiger Reserve
Sl.No State Fauna Flora % Endemism % Threatened
1. Goa 59 728 23.89 2.54
2. Maharashtra 1185 180 16.41 4.76
3. Gujarat 250 19 13.01 0.74

Table 9. Pecentage of endemic and threatened species in Protected Areas of Kerala, Goa, Maharashtra & Gujarat (Study Area)
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