Introduction
Forests are considered a critical treasure for human wellbeing
due to their lending of resources, water resources, grazing land
for animals, wildlife habitat for species, tourism, recreation,
and cultural values. The unprecedented anthropogenic pressures
in land use land cover (LULC) changes impact forests globally by
causing an imbalance in ecosystem activities and fragmentation
(Foley et al., 2005; Bharath and Ramachandra, 2021) . Habitat
destruction by human transformed land cover typically leads to
the division of habitat into smaller, more isolated patches
known as fragmentation
(Ramachandra et al., 2016) . LULC changes
are causing a dramatic decline in biodiversity
(Bharath et al.,
2014) , increased temperature, the disparity in the climatic
processes
(Bharath et al., 2013; Ramachandra et al., 2018) ,
water availability
(Ramachandra et al., 2020) , carbon
sequestration potential
(Ramachandra et al., 2020) and
extinction of species
(Sohl, 2014) . Protected areas (PAs) are
formed to curb the ill effects of LULC changes in the form of
national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and nature reserves. PAs
are providing more significant emphasis on conserving nature by
restricting human impacts, and unscientific resource use. PA
refers to “A clearly defined geographical space, recognized,
dedicated and manage, through legal or other effective means, to
achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated
ecosystem services and cultural values” (Dudley, 2008).
Globally, establishing PAs has gained motivation for
conservation and according to the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature (IUCN), nearly 15% of the global land
surface is now under some form of protection, accounting for
202,467 PAs across the world. PAs provide environmental
preservation and offer a wide range of goods and ecological
services
(Lockwood, 2012) while supporting livelihood to people.
Conservation, sustainable use, and restoration initiatives are
the essential components for national and global biodiversity
conservation
(Lockwood, 2012). Criteria to be fulfilled for the
region to be designated as a protected area
(Dudley, 2008) as
per IUCN WCPA (World Commission on Protected Areas) are :
⦁ Representativeness, comprehensiveness, and balance: with
the highest quality of the typical environment;
⦁ Adequacy: should have sufficient spatial extent, and
integrity combined with effective management for the viable
support of species, population and communities and/or
environment process;
⦁ Coherence and complementarity: should be able to give a
positive contribute based on the sustainable and development
objectives of a country consistency;
⦁ Cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and equity
Based on IUCN, there are six Protected Area Management
Categories which are:
⦁ Category Ia — Strict Nature Reserve
⦁ Category Ib — Wilderness Area
⦁ Category II — National Park
⦁ Category III — Natural Monument or Feature
⦁ Category IV — Habitat/Species Management Area
⦁ Category V — Protected Landscape/Seascape
⦁ Category VI – Protected Area with sustainable use of
natural resources
India with rich and unique biodiversity is one of the
recognized mega-diverse countries of the world, harbouring
nearly 7-8% of the recorded species of the world, and
representing 4 of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots (Himalaya,
Indo-Burma, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Sundaland). In India,
biodiversity richness is the most significant in the Western
Ghats and North-East India due to tropical rainforests
(Somanathan, 2007) . The WG
covers 5% of India’s land area is
located between 8019’08”- 21016’24” N to 72056’24”-78019’40” E
(Molur, 2011) and covers
spatially about 160,000 sq. km and
constitutes one among the top eight biodiversity hotspots in
World
(Kale, et al., 2016) . With
a maximum width of 210 km and a
minimum width of 48 km and north to south distance pf 1490 km,
WG extends from Tamil Nadu to Gujarat with an only gap of 30km
at Palagat (Palaghat Gap). An area is designated as a hotspot
only if it contains at least 0.5% endemic plants and endemic
species, which are not found anywhere else in the world
(Sahu,
2011) . UNESCO has declared WG as a world heritage site
(Kale, et al., 2016). WG
contains more than 4000 (27%) plant species in
India
(Johnsingh, 2001) .
Also, about 1500 endemic plant species,
or two-thirds of India’s endemic plants, are found here (Forest
Department of Kerala; Johnsingh, 2001).
The WG gets rainfall ranging from 5000 mm to 600 mm per
annum. The WG serves as the primary catchment for most of the
rivers in peninsular India
(Ramachandra, 2014) .
The region has 5
major freshwater rivers and streams, namely Narmada-Tapi, the
Northern Deccan Plateau (Godavari River system), the Southern
Deccan Plateau (Krishna River system), the Southern Eastern
Ghats (Cauvery River system)
(Molur,
2011) . The region also
plays an important role in maintaining the water supply to major
river systems like Krishna, Godavari, and Cauvery (Forest
Department of Kerala). The pristine forests have been cleared
due to the rapid land-use changes with the changes in the
hydrological regime
(Ramachandra
and Bharath, 2020) .
The WG has unique flora around the whole world
(Molur, 2011), 15,000 sq. km or
9% of the zone is under evergreen forest
(Forest Department of Kerala). Fragmentation and encroachment
have induced a loss of 50% of WG forest since the 1900s
(Molur, 2011). Rich nutrient
soil resources have encouraged the
cultivation of cash crops like tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber,
cardamom, quinine, etc. (due to these cash crops, the remaining
forest land is under intensive pressure (Forest Department of
Kerala). The WG has high physical diversity with altitude
ranging from 500 m to 2700 m from sea level, and this gradient
produces the change in forest pattern from evergreen to
semi-evergreen to moist deciduous to dry deciduous.
The WG is known for its faunal diversity. Most of the
vertebrates of peninsular India are found here (Forest
Department of Kerala). 62% of Amphibian species in India are
from
WG
(Sahu, 2011). Hunting,
poaching, and other threats wiped out
several native species
(Molur,
2011). The primary forests of WG
have been disappearing at an alarming rate due to anthropogenic
activity and replacing native species with an inferior pattern
or other forms of land use
(Parthasarathy, 1999) .
According to the Forest Survey of India, based on the
ecological factors and floristic composition, there are five
major forests and 23 floristic types. They are: (FSI, 2015).
⦁ Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest: These are the forests in
which annual average rainfall exceeds 2500 mm. They are mostly
restricted to the western side of WG. Based on elevation, they
are further divided into three: Low (0 - 800m), Medium (800 –
1450m), and High (>1450m). The trees' heights are 35 – 45m and
will have a thick canopy, which makes the forest completely
dark. Lichen, mushrooms, and fungi are found in decaying litters
and other matters. Throughout the year, there will be rain in
this forest, and the leave are so constructed so that the water
will move through the leaves to the ground soil.
⦁ Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forest: Tropical Semi-Evergreen
Forests are seen on the eastern steep slope of WG. Here the
annual rainfall is <1800mm. These forests are seen in between
wet evergreen and dry deciduous.
⦁ Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests: Moist Deciduous Forests
are seen in an area having rainfall between 1600–2000mm. Unlike
Wet Evergreen Forest and Semi-Evergreen Forests, Moist deciduous
forests shed their leave during dry season so as to avoid more
water loss during dry season.
⦁ Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests: Area having rainfall
between 800 mm – 1500 mm dry deciduous type forests can be
observed. Trees of this zone go to a maximum height of 10m. This
forest type also sheds leaves to prevent a higher transpiration
rate.
⦁ Grasslands: Grasslands can be found throughout the WG
above the altitude of 1800 m from mean sea level. Grasslands are
characterized by an intermingling of shrubs and grasses.
Protected Areas
Protected areas (PA) are crucial for conserving biodiversity
across the globe to arrest further degradation
(Datar &
Lakshminarasimhan, 2013) . Globally there are 202000 PAs covering
19.8 million km
2, of which India have 987 PAs (Table
1), including 106 National Parks (Table 2), 564 Wildlife
Sanctuaries (Table 3), 99 Conservation Reserves and 218
Community Reserves, covering about 1,73,053 km
2 of
the total geographical area of the country (approximately
5.26%). Tables 4 and 5 provide the details of conservation
reserves and community reserves. Figure 1 depicts the
distribution of PAs in India. National parks and wildlife
sanctuaries are mainly focused on conserving species diversity
by restricting human interventions. National Parks can be
defined as an area inside or outside the sanctuaries which can
be protected by state government mainly due to the presence of
important flora, fauna, and ecological associations, which makes
them need to protect and conserve the species. Also there are 15
National Parks , 47 Wildlife Sanctuaries and 2 Biosphere
Reserves are there in WG, declared by the Government of India
(Datar & Lakshminarasimhan,
2013) .
Figure 1. Protected Areas in India
Table 1. Protected Areas of India
| Protected Area |
Number |
Total Area (Sq.km) |
Coverage % of Country |
| National Parks (NPs) |
106 |
44,372.42 |
1.35 |
| Wildlife Sanctuaries (WLSs) |
564 |
1,22,509.33 |
3.73 |
| Conservation Reserves (CRs) |
99 |
4,726.24 |
0.14 |
| Community Reserves |
218 |
1,445.71 |
0.04 |
| Protected Areas (PAs) |
987 |
1,73,053.69 |
5.26 |
(Source: wiienvis.nic.in/)
Table 2. National Parks of India
| S No. |
Name of State/ Protected Area |
Year of Establishment |
Area (km2) |
District(s) |
|
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
|
| 1 |
Campbell Bay NP |
1992 |
426.23 |
Nicobar |
| 2 |
Galathea Bay NP |
1992 |
110 |
Nicobar |
| 3 |
Mahatama Gandhi Marine (Wandoor) NP |
1983 |
281.5 |
Andaman |
| 4 |
Middle Button Island NP |
1987 |
0.44 |
Andaman |
| 5 |
Mount Harriett NP |
1987 |
46.62 |
Andaman |
| 6 |
North Button Island NP |
1987 |
0.44 |
Andaman |
7 |
Rani Jhansi Marine NP |
1996 |
320.06 |
Andaman |
| 8 |
Saddle Peak NP |
1987 |
32.54 |
Andaman |
| 9 |
South Button Island NP |
1987 |
0.03 |
Andaman |
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Papikonda NP |
2008 |
1012.86 |
East & West Godavari |
| 2 |
Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) NP |
2005 |
2.4 |
Kadapa |
| 3 |
Sri Venkateswara NP |
1989 |
353.62 |
Chittoor & Cuddapah |
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Mouling NP |
1986 |
483 |
Upper Siang |
| 2 |
Namdapha NP |
1983 |
1807.82 |
Changlang |
|
Assam
|
| 1 |
Dibru-Saikhowa NP |
1999 |
340 |
Tinsukia & Dibrugarh |
| 2 |
Kaziranga NP |
1974 |
858.98 |
Golaghat, Nagaon & Sonitpur |
| 3 |
Manas NP |
1990 |
500 |
Barpeta & Bongaigaon |
| 4 |
Nameri NP |
1998 |
200 |
Sonitpur |
| 5 |
Rajiv Gandhi Orang NP |
1999 |
78.81 |
Darrang & Sonitpur |
|
Bihar
|
| 1 |
Valmiki NP |
1989 |
335.65 |
West Champaran |
|
Chhattisgarh
|
| 1 |
Guru Ghasidas (Sanjay) NP |
1981 |
1440.71 |
Surguja & Koria |
| 2 |
Indravati (Kutru) NP |
1982 |
1258.37 |
Dantewada |
| 3 |
Kanger Valley NP |
1982 |
200 |
Bastar |
|
Goa
|
| 1 |
Mollem NP |
1992 |
107 |
North Goa |
|
Gujarat
|
| 1 |
Vansda NP |
1979 |
23.99 |
Navasari |
| 2 |
Blackbuck (Velavadar) NP |
1976 |
34.53 |
Bhavnagar |
| 3 |
Gir NP |
1975 |
258.71 |
Junagadh |
| 4 |
Marine (Gulf of Kachchh) NP |
1982 |
162.89 |
Jamnagar |
|
Haryana
|
| 1 |
Kalesar NP |
2003 |
46.82 |
Yamuna Nagar |
| 2 |
Sultanpur NP |
1989 |
1.43 |
Gurgaon |
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Great Himalayan NP |
1984 |
754.4 |
Kullu |
| 2 |
Inderkilla NP |
2010 |
104 |
Kullu |
| 3 |
Khirganga NP |
2010 |
710 |
Kullu |
| 4 |
Pin Valley NP |
1987 |
675 |
Lahul & Spiti |
| 5 |
Simbalbara NP |
2010 |
27.88 |
Sirmaur |
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
| 1 |
City Forest (Salim Ali) NP |
1992 |
9 |
Srinagar |
| 2 |
Dachigam NP |
1981 |
141 |
Srinagar & Pulwama |
| 3 |
Kazinag NP |
2000 |
90.88 |
Baramulla district |
| 4 |
Kishtwar NP |
1981 |
2191.5 |
Kishtwar & Doda |
|
Jharkhand
|
| 1 |
Betla NP |
1986 |
226.33 |
Latehar |
|
Karnataka
|
| 1 |
Anshi NP |
1987 |
417.34 |
Uttara Kannada |
| 2 |
Bandipur NP |
1974 |
874.2 |
Mysore & Chamarajanagar |
| 3 |
Bannerghatta NP |
1974 |
260.51 |
Bangalore |
| 4 |
Kudremukh NP |
1987 |
600.32 |
Dakshin Kannada, Udipi & Chikmagalur |
| 5 |
Nagarahole (Rajiv Gandhi) NP |
1988 |
643.39 |
Kodagu & Mysore |
|
Kerala
|
| 1 |
Anamudi Shola NP |
2003 |
7.5 |
Idukki |
| 2 |
Eravikulam NP |
1978 |
97 |
Idukki |
| 3 |
Mathikettan Shola NP |
2003 |
12.82 |
Idukki |
| 4 |
Pambadum Shola NP |
2003 |
1.32 |
Idukki |
| 5 |
Periyar NP |
1982 |
350 |
Idukki & Quilon |
| 6 |
Silent Valley NP |
1984 |
89.52 |
Palakkad |
|
Ladakh
|
| 1 |
Hemis |
1981 |
3350 |
Leh |
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Bandhavgarh NP |
1968 |
448.85 |
Umaria & Katni |
| 2 |
Fossil NP |
1983 |
0.27 |
Mandla |
| 3 |
Indira Priyadarshini Pench NP |
1975 |
292.85 |
Seoni & Chhindwara |
| 4 |
Kanha NP |
1955 |
940 |
Mandla, Balaghat & Dindori |
| 5 |
Madhav NP |
1959 |
375.22 |
Shivpuri |
| 6 |
Panna NP |
1981 |
542.67 |
Panna & Chhatarpur |
| 7 |
Sanjay NP |
1981 |
466.88 |
Sidhi |
| 8 |
Satpura |
1981 |
585.17 |
Hoshangabad |
| 9 |
Van Vihar NP |
1979 |
4.45 |
Bhopal |
| 10 |
Dinosaur Fossils |
2011 |
0.897 |
Dindori |
| 11 |
Kuno NP |
2018 |
748.761 |
Sheopur and Morena |
|
Maharashtra
|
| 1 |
Chandoli NP |
2004 |
317.67 |
Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Ratnagiri |
| 2 |
Gugamal NP |
1975 |
361.28 |
Amravati |
| 3 |
Nawegaon NP |
1975 |
133.88 |
Bhandara (Gondia) |
| 4 |
Pench (Jawaharlal Nehru) NP |
1975 |
257.26 |
Nagpur |
| 5 |
Sanjay Gandhi (Borivilli) NP |
1983 |
86.96 |
Thane & Mumbai |
| 6 |
Tadoba NP |
1955 |
116.55 |
Chandrapur |
|
Manipur
|
| 1 |
Keibul-Lamjao NP |
1977 |
40 |
Bishnupur |
| 2 |
Sirohi NP |
1982 |
100 |
Imphal |
|
Meghalaya
|
| 1 |
Balphakram NP |
1985 |
220 |
South Garo Hills |
| 2 |
Nokrek Ridge NP |
1986 |
47.48 |
East Garo Hills |
|
Mizoram
|
|
Murlen NP |
1991 |
100 |
Champhai |
| 2 |
Phawngpui Blue Mountain NP |
1992 |
50 |
Lawngtlai |
|
Nagaland
|
| 1 |
Intanki NP |
1993 |
202.02 |
Dimapur |
|
Odisha
|
| 1 |
Bhitarkanika NP |
1988 |
145 |
Kendrapara |
| 2 |
Simlipal NP |
1980 |
845.7 |
Mayurbhanj |
|
Rajasthan
|
| 1 |
Mukundra Hills NP |
2006 |
200.54 |
Kota & Chittourgarh |
| 2 |
Desert NP |
1992 |
3162 |
Barmer & Jaisalmer |
| 3 |
Keoladeo Ghana NP |
1981 |
28.73 |
Bharatpur |
| 4 |
Ranthambhore NP |
1980 |
282 |
Sawai Madhopur |
| 5 |
Sariska NP |
1992 |
273.8 |
Alwar |
|
Sikkim
|
| 1 |
Khangchendzonga NP |
1977 |
1784 |
North Sikkim |
|
Tamil Nadu
|
| 1 |
Guindy NP |
1976 |
2.82 |
Chennai |
| 2 |
Gulf of Mannar Marine NP |
1980 |
6.23 |
Ramanathpuram & Tuticorin |
| 3 |
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) NP |
1989 |
117.1 |
Coimbatore |
| 4 |
Mudumalai NP |
1990 |
103.23 |
Nilgiris |
| 5 |
Mukurthi NP |
1990 |
78.46 |
Nilgiris |
|
Telangana
|
| 1 |
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy NP |
1994 |
1.43 |
Hyderabad |
| 2 |
Mahaveer Harina Vanasthali NP |
1994 |
14.59 |
Ranga Reddy |
| 3 |
Mrugavani NP |
1994 |
3.6 |
Ranga Reddy |
|
Tripura
|
| 1 |
Clouded Leopard NP |
2007 |
5.08 |
West Tripura |
| 2 |
Bison (Rajbari) NP |
2007 |
31.63 |
South Tripura |
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Dudhwa NP |
1977 |
490 |
Lakhimpur-Kheri |
|
Uttarakhand
|
| 1 |
Corbett NP |
1936 |
520.82 |
Nainital & Pauri Garhwal |
| 2 |
Gangotri NP |
1989 |
2390.02 |
Uttarkashi |
| 3 |
Govind NP |
1990 |
472.08 |
Uttarkashi |
| 4 |
Nanda Devi NP |
1982 |
624.6 |
Chamoli |
| 5 |
Rajaji NP |
1983 |
820 |
Dehradun, Pauri Garhwal & Haridwar |
| 6 |
Valley of Flowers NP |
1982 |
87.5 |
Chamoli |
|
West Bengal
|
| 1 |
Buxa NP |
1992 |
117.1 |
Jalpaiguri |
| 2 |
Gorumara NP |
1992 |
79.45 |
Jalpaiguri |
| 3 |
Jaldapara NP |
2014 |
216.51 |
Jalpaiguri |
| 4 |
Neora Valley NP |
1986 |
159.89 |
Darjeeling |
| 5 |
Singalila NP |
1986 |
78.6 |
Darjeeling |
| 6 |
Sunderban NP |
1984 |
1330.1 |
North & South 24-Paraganas |
(Source: wiienvis.nic.in/)
Table 3. Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
| SNo. |
Name of State/ Protected Area |
Year of Establishment |
Area (km2) |
District(s) |
|
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
|
| 1 |
Arial Island WLS |
1987 |
0.05 |
Andaman |
| 2 |
Bamboo Island WLS |
1987 |
0.05 |
Andaman |
| 3 |
Barren Island WLS |
1987 |
8.1 |
Andaman |
| 4 |
Battimalv Island WLS |
1987 |
2.23 |
Nicobar |
| 5 |
Belle Island WLS |
1987 |
0.08 |
Andaman |
| 6 |
Benett Island WLS |
1987 |
3.46 |
Andaman |
| 7 |
Bingham Island WLS |
1987 |
0.08 |
Andaman |
| 8 |
Blister Island WLS |
1987 |
0.26 |
Andaman |
| 9 |
Bluff Island WLS |
1987 |
1.14 |
Andaman |
| 10 |
Bondoville Island WLS |
1987 |
2.55 |
Andaman |
| 11 |
Brush Island WLS |
1987 |
0.23 |
Andaman |
| 12 |
Buchanan Island WLS |
1987 |
9.33 |
Andaman |
| 13 |
Chanel Island WLS |
1987 |
0.13 |
Andaman |
| 14 |
Cinque Islands WLS |
1987 |
9.51 |
Andaman |
| 15 |
Clyde Island WLS |
1987 |
0.54 |
Andaman |
| 16 |
Cone Island WLS |
1987 |
0.65 |
Andaman |
| 17 |
Curlew (B.P.) Island WLS |
1987 |
0.16 |
Andaman |
| 18 |
Curlew Island WLS |
1987 |
0.03 |
Andaman |
| 19 |
Cuthbert Bay WLS |
1997 |
5.82 |
Andaman |
| 20 |
Defence Island WLS |
1987 |
10.49 |
Andaman |
| 21 |
Dot Island WLS |
1987 |
0.13 |
Andaman |
| 22 |
Dottrell Island WLS |
1987 |
0.13 |
Andaman |
| 23 |
Duncan Island WLS |
1987 |
0.73 |
Andaman |
| 24 |
East Island WLS |
1987 |
6.11 |
Andaman |
| 25 |
East of Inglis Island WLS |
1987 |
3.55 |
Andaman |
| 26 |
Egg Island WLS |
1987 |
0.05 |
Andaman |
| 27 |
Elat Island WLS |
1987 |
9.36 |
Andaman |
| 28 |
Entrance Island WLS |
1987 |
0.96 |
Andaman |
| 29 |
Gander Island WLS |
1987 |
0.05 |
Andaman |
| 30 |
Galathea Bay WLS |
1997 |
11.44 |
Nicobar |
| 31 |
Girjan Island WLS |
1987 |
0.16 |
Andaman |
| 32 |
Goose Island WLS |
1987 |
0.01 |
Andaman |
| 33 |
Hump Island WLS |
1987 |
0.47 |
Andaman |
| 34 |
Interview Island WLS |
1987 |
133.87 |
Andaman |
| 35 |
James Island WLS |
1987 |
2.1 |
Andaman |
| 36 |
Jungle Island WLS |
1987 |
0.52 |
Andaman |
| 37 |
Kwangtung Island WLS |
1987 |
0.57 |
Andaman |
| 38 |
Kyd Island WLS |
1987 |
8 |
Andaman |
| 39 |
Landfall Island WLS |
1987 |
29.48 |
Andaman |
| 40 |
Latouche Island WLS |
1987 |
0.96 |
Andaman |
| 41 |
Lohabarrack (Saltwater Crocodile) WLS |
1987 |
22.21 |
Andaman |
| 42 |
Mangrove Island WLS |
1987 |
0.39 |
Andaman |
| 43 |
Mask Island WLS |
1987 |
0.78 |
Andaman |
| 44 |
Mayo Island WLS |
1987 |
0.1 |
Andaman |
| 45 |
Megapode Island WLS |
1987 |
0.12 |
Nicobar |
| 46 |
Montogemery Island WLS |
1987 |
0.21 |
Andaman |
| 47 |
Narcondam Island WLS |
1987 |
6.81 |
Andaman |
| 48 |
North Brother Island WLS |
1987 |
0.75 |
Andaman |
| 49 |
North Island WLS |
1987 |
0.49 |
Andaman |
| 50 |
North Reef Island WLS |
1987 |
3.48 |
Andaman |
| 51 |
Oliver Island WLS |
1987 |
0.16 |
Andaman |
| 52 |
Orchid Island WLS |
1987 |
0.1 |
Andaman |
| 53 |
Ox Island WLS |
1987 |
0.13 |
Andaman |
| 54 |
Oyster Island-I WLS |
1987 |
0.08 |
Andaman |
| 55 |
Oyster Island-II WLS |
1987 |
0.21 |
Andaman |
| 56 |
Paget Island WLS |
1987 |
7.36 |
Andaman |
| 57 |
Parkinson Island WLS |
1987 |
0.34 |
Andaman |
| 58 |
Passage Island WLS |
1987 |
0.62 |
Andaman |
| 59 |
Patric Island WLS |
1987 |
0.13 |
Andaman |
| 60 |
Peacock Island WLS |
1987 |
0.62 |
Andaman |
| 61 |
Pitman Island WLS |
1987 |
1.37 |
Andaman |
| 62 |
Point Island WLS |
1987 |
3.07 |
Andaman |
| 63 |
Potanma Islands WLS |
1987 |
0.16 |
Andaman |
| 64 |
Ranger Island WLS |
1987 |
4.26 |
Andaman |
| 65 |
Reef Island WLS |
1987 |
1.74 |
Andaman |
| 66 |
Roper Island WLS |
1987 |
1.46 |
Andaman |
| 67 |
Ross Island WLS /td>
| 1987 |
1.01 |
Andaman |
| 68 |
Rowe Island WLS |
1987 |
0.01 |
Andaman |
| 69 |
Sandy Island WLS |
1987 |
1.58 |
Andaman |
| 70 |
Sea Serpent Island WLS |
1987 |
0.78 |
Andaman |
| 71 |
Shark Island WLS |
1987 |
0.6 |
Andaman |
| 72 |
Shearme Island WLS |
1987 |
7.85 |
Andaman |
| 73 |
Sir Hugh Rose Island WLS |
1987 |
1.06 |
Andaman |
| 74 |
Sisters Island WLS |
1987 |
0.36 |
Andaman |
| 75 |
Snake Island-I WLS |
1987 |
0.73 |
Andaman |
| 76 |
Snake Island-II WLS |
1987 |
0.03 |
Andaman |
| 77 |
South Brother Island WLS |
1987 |
1.24 |
Andaman |
| 78 |
South Reef Island WLS |
1987 |
1.17 |
Andaman |
| 79 |
South Sentinel Island WLS |
1987 |
1.61 |
Andaman |
| 80 |
Spike Island-I WLS |
1987 |
0.42 |
Andaman |
| 81 |
Spike Island-II WLS |
1987 |
11.7 |
Andaman |
| 82 |
Stoat Island WLS |
1987 |
0.44 |
Andaman |
| 83 |
Surat Island WLS |
1987 |
0.31 |
Andaman |
| 84 |
Swamp Island WLS |
1987 |
4.09 |
Andaman |
| 85 |
Table (Delgarno) Island WLS |
1987 |
2.29 |
Andaman |
| 86 |
Table (Excelsior) Island WLS |
1987 |
1.69 |
Andaman |
| 87 |
Talabaicha Island WLS |
1987 |
3.21 |
Andaman |
| 88 |
Temple Island WLS |
1987 |
1.04 |
Andaman |
| 89 |
Tillongchang Island WLS |
1985 |
16.83 |
Nicobar |
| 90 |
Tree Island WLS |
1987 |
0.03 |
Andaman |
| 91 |
Trilby Island WLS |
1987 |
0.96 |
Andaman |
| 92 |
Tuft Island WLS |
1987 |
0.29 |
Andaman |
| 93 |
Turtle Islands WLS |
1987 |
0.39 |
Andaman |
| 94 |
West Island WLS |
1987 |
6.4 |
Andaman |
| 95 |
Wharf Island WLS |
1987 |
0.11 |
Andaman |
| 96 |
White Cliff Island WLS |
1987 |
0.47 |
Andaman |
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Coringa WLS |
1978 |
235.7 |
East Godavari |
| 2 |
Gundla Brahmeswaram WLS |
1990 |
1194 |
Kurnool & Prakasam |
| 3 |
Kambalakonda WLS |
2002 |
71.39 |
Visakhapatnam |
| 4 |
Koundinya WLS |
1990 |
357.6 |
Chittoor |
| 5 |
Kolleru WLS |
1953 |
308.55 |
West Godavari & Krishna |
| 6 |
Krishna WLS |
1989 |
194.81 |
Krishna & Guntur |
| 7 |
Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam WLS* |
1978 |
3568.09 |
Guntur, Prakasam & Kurnool |
| 8 |
Nellapattu WLS |
1976 |
4.59 |
Nellore |
| 9 |
Pulicat Lake WLS |
1976 |
600 |
Nellore |
| 10 |
Rollapadu WLS |
1988 |
6.14 |
Kurnool |
| 11 |
Sri Lankamalleswara WLS |
1988 |
464.42 |
Cuddapah |
| 12 |
Sri Penusila Narasimha WLS |
1997 |
1030.85 |
Cuddapah & Nellore |
| 13 |
Sri Venkateswara WLS |
1985 |
172.35 |
Cuddapah & Chittoor |
| *combined area with Telangana |
|
|
|
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
| 1 |
D'Ering Memorial (Lali) WLS |
1978 |
190 |
Upper Siang |
| 2 |
Dibang WLS |
1991 |
4149 |
Dibang Valley |
| 3 |
Eagle Nest WLS |
1989 |
217 |
West Kameng |
| 4 |
Itanagar WLS |
1978 |
140.3 |
Papum Pare |
| 5 |
Kamlang WLS |
1989 |
783 |
Lohit |
| 6 |
Kane WLS |
1991 |
31 |
West Siang |
| 7 |
Mahao WLS |
1980 |
281.5 |
Dibang Valley |
| 8 |
Pakke (Pakhui) WLS |
1977 |
861.95 |
East Kameng |
| 9 |
Sessa Orchid WLS |
1989 |
100 |
West Kameng |
| 10 |
Tale WLS |
1995 |
337 |
Lower Subansiri |
| 11 |
Yordi Rabe Supse WLS |
1996 |
397 |
West Siang |
| 12 |
Kamala WLS |
2015 |
77.607 |
Lohit |
| 13 |
Ringba-Roba WLS |
2015 |
49.2 |
Upper Dibang Valley |
|
Assam
|
| 1 |
Amchang WLS |
2004 |
78.64 |
Kamrup |
| 2 |
Barail WLS |
2004 |
326.24 |
Cachar Karimgang |
| 3 |
Barnadi WLS |
1980 |
26.22 |
Udalguri (Darrang) |
| 4 |
Bherjan-Borajan-Padumoni WLS |
1999 |
7.22 |
Tinsukia |
| 5 |
Burachapari WLS |
1995 |
44.06 |
Sonitpur |
| 6 |
Chakrasila WLS |
1994 |
45.57 |
Dhubri |
| 7 |
Deepor Beel WLS |
|
4.14 |
Guwahati |
| 8 |
Dihing Patkai WLS |
2004 |
111.19 |
Dibrugarh & Tinsukia |
| 9 |
East Karbi Anglong WLS |
2000 |
221.81 |
Karbi-Anglong |
| 10 |
Garampani WLS |
1952 |
6.05 |
Karbi-Anglong |
| 11 |
Hollongapar Gibbon WLS |
1997 |
20.98 |
Jorhat |
| 12 |
Lawkhowa WLS |
1972 |
70.13 |
Nagaon |
| 13 |
Marat Longri WLS |
2003 |
451 |
Karbi-Anglong |
| 14 |
Nambor WLS |
2000 |
37 |
Karbi-Anglong |
| 15 |
Nambor-Doigrung WLS |
2003 |
97.15 |
Karbi-Anglong |
| 16 |
Pabitora WLS |
1987 |
38.81/td>
| Marigaon |
| 17 |
Pani-Dihing Bird WLS |
1995 |
33.93 |
Sibsagar |
| 18 |
Sonai Rupai WLS |
1998 |
220 |
Sonitpur |
|
Bihar
|
| 1 |
Barela Jheel Salim Ali Bird WLS |
1997 |
1.96 |
Vaishali |
| 2 |
Bhimbandh WLS |
1976 |
681.99 |
Munger |
| 3 |
Gautam Budha WLS |
1976 |
138.34 |
Gaya |
| 4 |
Kaimur WLS |
1982 |
1342 |
Rohtas |
| 5 |
Kanwarjheel WLS |
1989 |
63.11 |
Begusarai |
| 6 |
Kusheshwar Asthan Bird WLS |
1994 |
29.17 |
Darbhnaga |
| 7 |
Nagi Dam WLS |
1987 |
1.92 |
Jamui |
| 8 |
Nakti Dam WLS |
1987 |
3.33 |
Jamui |
| 9 |
Pant (Rajgir) WLS |
1978 |
35.84 |
Nalanda |
| 10 |
Udaipur WLS |
1978 |
8.87 |
Pashchim Champaran |
| 11 |
Valmiki WLS |
1978 |
545.15 |
Pashchim Champaran |
| 12 |
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin WLS |
1990 |
50 |
Bhagalpur |
|
Chandigarh
|
| 1 |
City BirdWLS |
1998 |
0.03 |
Chandigarh |
| 2 |
Sukhna LakeWLS |
1986 |
25.98 |
Chandigarh |
|
Chhattisgarh
|
| 1 |
Achanakmar WLS |
1975 |
551.55 |
Bilaspur |
| Badalkhol WLS |
|
1975 |
104.45 |
Jashpur |
| 3 |
Barnawapara WLS |
1976 |
244.66 |
Raipur |
| 4 |
Bhairamgarh WLS |
1983 |
138.95 |
Dantewada |
| 5 |
Bhoramdev WLS |
2001 |
351.24 |
Kawardha |
| 6 |
Sarangarh-Gomardha WLS |
1975 |
277.82 |
Raigarh |
| 7 |
Pamed Wild Buffalo WLS |
1985 |
262.12 |
Dantewada |
| 8 |
Semarsot WLS |
1978 |
430.35 |
Surguja |
| 9 |
Sitanadi WLS |
1974 |
553.36 |
Dhamtari |
| 10 |
Tamor Pingla WLS |
1978 |
608.51 |
Surguja |
| 11 |
Udanti Wild Buffalo |
1985 |
237.27 |
Raipur |
|
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
|
| 1 |
Dadra & Nagar Haveli WLS |
2000 |
92.16 |
Dadra & Nagar Haveli |
|
Daman & Diu
|
| 1 |
Fudam WLS |
1991 |
2.18 |
Diu |
|
Delhi
|
| 1 |
Asola Bhati (Indira Priyadarshini) WLS |
1992 |
27.82 |
South Delhi |
|
Goa
|
| 1 |
Bondla WLS |
1969 |
7.95 |
North Goa |
| 2 |
Dr. Salim Ali Bird (Chorao) WLS |
1988 |
1.78 |
North Goa |
| 3 |
Cotigaon WLS |
1968 |
85.65 |
South Goa |
| 4 |
Madei WLS |
1999 |
208.48 |
North Goa |
| 5 |
Bhagwan Mahavir WLS |
1967 |
133 |
North Goa |
| 6 |
Netravali WLS |
1999 |
211.05 |
South Goa |
|
Gujarat
|
| 1 |
Balaram Ambaji WLS |
1989 |
542.08 |
Banas Kantha |
| 2 |
Barda WLS |
1979 |
192.31 |
Jamnagar & Porbandar |
| 3 |
Gaga (Great Indian Bustard) WLS |
1988 |
3.33 |
Jamnagar |
| 4 |
Gir WLS |
1965 |
1153.42 |
Junagadh & Amreli |
| 5 |
Girnar WLS |
2008 |
178.8 |
Junagadh |
| 6 |
Hingolgadh WLS |
1980 |
6.54 |
Rajkot |
| 7 |
Jambughoda WLS |
1990 |
130.38 |
Panchmahal |
| 8 |
Jessore Sloth Bear WLS |
1978 |
180.66 |
Banas Kantha |
| 9 |
Kachchh (Lala) Great Indian Bustard WLS |
1995 |
2.03 |
Kachchh |
| 10 |
Kachchh Desert WLS |
1986 |
7506.22 |
Kachchh |
| 11 |
Khijadiya Bird WLS |
1981 |
6.05 |
Jamnagar |
| 12 |
Marine (Gulf of Kachchh) WLS |
1980 |
295.03 |
Jamnagar |
| 13 |
Mitiyala WLS |
2004 |
18.22 |
Amreli |
| 14 |
Nal Sarovar Bird WLS |
1969 |
120.82 |
Ahmadabad & Surendrnagar |
| 15 |
Narayan Sarovar Chinkara WLS |
1995 |
442.91 |
Kachchh |
| 16 |
Paniya WLS |
1989 |
39.63 |
Amreli |
| 17 |
Porbandar Bird WLS |
1988 |
0.09 |
Porbander |
| 18 |
Purna WLS |
1990 |
160.84 |
Dangs |
| 19 |
Rampara Vidi WLS |
1988 |
15.01 |
Rajkot |
| 20 |
Ratanmahal Sloth Bear WLS |
1982 |
55.65 |
Dahod |
| 21 |
Shoolpaneswar (Dhumkhal) WLS |
1982 |
607.7 |
Bharuch |
| 22 |
Thol Lake WLS |
1988 |
6.99 |
Mahesana |
| 23 |
Wild Ass WLS |
1973 |
4953.71 |
Kachchh, Rajkot, Mahesana & Banas Kantha |
|
Haryana
|
| 1 |
Abubshahar WLS |
1987 |
115.3 |
Sirsa |
| 2 |
Bhindawas Lake WLS |
1986 |
4.12 |
Rohtak |
| 3 |
Bir Shikargarh WLS |
1987 |
7.67 |
Panchkula |
| 4 |
Chhilchhila Lake WLS |
1986 |
0.29 |
Kaithal |
| 5 |
Kalesar WLS |
1996 |
54.36 |
Yamuna Nagar |
| 6 |
Khaparwas WLS |
1991 |
0.83 |
Jhajjar |
| 7 |
Morni Hills (Khol-Hi-Raitan) WLS |
2004 |
48.83 |
Panchkula |
| 8 |
Nahar WLS |
1987 |
2.11 |
Rewari |
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Bandli WLS |
1962 |
32.11 |
Mandi |
| 2 |
Chail WLS |
1976 |
16 |
Solan & Shimla |
| 3 |
Chandratal WLS |
2007 |
38.56 |
Lahul & Spiti |
| 4 |
Churdhar WLS |
1985 |
55.52 |
Sirmaur & Shimla |
| 5 |
Daranghati WLS |
1962 |
171.5 |
Shimla |
| 6 |
Dhauladhar WLS |
1994 |
982.86 |
Kangra |
| 7 |
Gamgul Siyabehi WLS |
1962 |
108.4 |
Chamba |
| 8 |
Kais WLS |
1954 |
12.61 |
Kullu |
| 9 |
Kalatop-Khajjiar WLS |
1958 |
17.17 |
Chamba |
| 10 |
Kanawar WLS |
1954 |
107.29 |
Kullu |
| 11 |
Khokhan WLS |
1954 |
14.94 |
Kullu |
| 12 |
Kibber WLS |
1992 |
2220.12 |
Lahaul & Spiti |
| 13 |
Kugti WLS |
1962 |
405.49 |
Chamba |
| 14 |
Lippa Asrang WLS |
1962 |
31 |
Kinnaur |
| 15 |
Majathal WLS |
1954 |
30.86 |
Solan |
| 16 |
Manali WLS |
1954 |
29 |
Kullu |
| 17 |
Nargu WLS |
1962 |
132.3731 |
Kullu |
| 18 |
Pong Dam Lake WLS |
1982 |
207.59 |
Kangra |
| 19 |
Renuka WLS |
2013 |
4 |
Sirmaur |
| 20 |
Rupi Bhaba WLS |
1982 |
503 |
Kinnaur |
| 21 |
Sainj WLS |
1994 |
90 |
Kullu |
| 22 |
Rakchham Chitkul (Sangla Valley) WLS |
1989 |
304 |
Kinnaur |
| 23 |
Sech Tuan Nala WLS |
1962 |
390.29 |
Chamba |
| 24 |
Shikari Devi WLS |
1962 |
29.94 |
Mandi |
| 25 |
Shimla Water Catchment WLS |
1958 |
10 |
Shimla |
| 26 |
Talra WLS |
1962 |
46.48 |
Shimla |
| 27 |
Tirthan WLS |
1992 |
61 |
Kullu |
| 28 |
Tundah WLS |
1962 |
64 |
Chamba |
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
| 1 |
Baltal-Thajwas WLS |
1987 |
210.5 |
Ganderbal |
| 2 |
Gulmarg WLS |
1987 |
180 |
Baramulla |
| 3 |
Hirapora WLS |
1987 |
341.25 |
Shopian |
| 4 |
Hokersar WLS |
1992 |
13.75 |
Srinagar |
| 5 |
Jasrota WLS |
1987 |
10.04 |
Kathua |
| 6 |
Lachipora WLS |
1987 |
37.65 |
Baramulla |
| 7 |
Limber WLS |
1987 |
21.76 |
Baramulla |
| 8 |
Nandni WLS |
1981 |
33.34 |
Jammu |
| 9 |
Overa-Aru WLS |
1987 |
511 |
Anantnag |
| 10 |
Rajparian (Daksum) |
2002 |
20 |
Anantnag |
| 11 |
Ramnagar Rakha WLS |
1981 |
31.5 |
Jammu |
| 12 |
Tral |
2019 |
154.15 |
Pulwama |
| 13 |
Surinsar Mansar WLS |
1981 |
97.82 |
Udhampur, Samba & Jammu |
| 14 |
Trikuta WLS |
1981 |
66.27 |
Udhampur |
|
Ladakh
|
| 1 |
Karakoram (Nubra Shyok) WLS |
1987 |
5000 |
Leh |
| 2 |
Changthang WLS |
1987 |
4000 |
Leh |
|
Jharkhand
|
| 1 |
Dalma WLS |
1976 |
193.22 |
East Singhbhum & Saraikela |
| 2 |
Gautam Budha |
1976 |
121.14 |
Koderma & Hazaribagh |
| 3 |
Hazaribagh WLS |
1976 |
186.25 |
Hazaribagh |
| 4 |
Kodarma WLS |
1985 |
177.35 |
Koderma |
| 5 |
Lawalong WLS |
1978 |
211.03 |
Chatra |
| 6 |
Mahuadanr Wolf WLS |
1976 |
63.26 |
Latehar |
| 7 |
Palamau WLS |
1976 |
752.94 |
Latehar |
| 8 |
Palkot WLS |
1990 |
182.83 |
Gumla & Simdega |
| 9 |
Parasnath WLS |
1984 |
49.33 |
Giridih |
| 10 |
Topchanchi WLS |
1978 |
12.82 |
Dhanbad |
| 11 |
Udhwa Lake Bird WLS |
1991 |
5.65 |
Sahebganj |
|
Karnataka
|
| 1 |
Adichunchunagiri Peacock WLS |
1981 |
0.84 |
Mandya |
| 2 |
Arabithittu WLS |
1985 |
13.5 |
Mysore |
| 3 |
Attiveri Bird WLS |
1994 |
2.22 |
Uttara Kannada |
| 4 |
Bhadra WLS |
1974 |
500.16 |
Chikmagalur & Shimoga |
| 5 |
Bhimgad WLS |
2010 |
190.42 |
Belgaum |
| 6 |
Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (B.R.T.) WLS |
1987 |
539.52 |
Chamarajanagar |
| 7 |
Brahmagiri WLS |
1974 |
181.29 |
Kodagu |
| 8 |
Bukkapatna Chinkara WLS |
2019 |
136.11 |
Tumkur |
| 9 |
Cauvery WLS |
1987 |
1027.53 |
Mysore, Bangalore & Mandya |
| 10 |
Cauvery Extension |
2019 |
53.39 |
Mandya |
| 11 |
Chincholi WLS |
2012 |
134.88 |
Gulbarga & Yadgir |
| 12 |
Dandeli WLS |
1987 |
886.41 |
Uttara Kannada |
| 13 |
Daroji Bear WLS |
1992 |
82.72 |
Bellary |
| 14 |
Ghataprabha Bird WLS |
1974 |
29.79 |
Belgaum |
| 15 |
Gudavi Bird WLS |
1989 |
0.73 |
Shimoga |
| 16 |
Gudekote Sloth Bear WLS |
2013 |
47.61 |
Bellary |
| 17 |
Gudekote Extension |
2019 |
120.05 |
Bellary |
| 18 |
Jogimatti |
2015 |
100.48 |
Chitradurga |
| 19 |
Kamasandra |
2019 |
78.62 |
Kolar |
| 20 |
Kappathagudda |
2019 |
244.15 |
Gadag |
| 21 |
Malai Mahadeshwara WLS |
2013 |
906.19 |
Chamarajanagar |
| 22 |
Melkote Temple WLS |
1974 |
49.82 |
Mandya |
| 23 |
Mookambika WLS |
1974 |
370.37 |
Udipi |
| 24 |
Nugu WLS |
1974 |
30.32 |
Mysore |
| 25 |
Pushpagiri WLS |
1987 |
102.96 |
Kodagu & Dakshina Kannada |
| 26 |
Ranebennur Black Buck WLS |
1974 |
119 |
Dharwad |
| 27 |
Ranganathittu Bird WLS |
1940 |
0.67 |
Mysore |
| 28 |
Ramadevara Betta Vulture WLS |
2012 |
3.46 |
Ramanagara |
| 29 |
Rangayyanadurga Four-horned antelope |
2011 |
77.24 |
Davangere |
| 30 |
Sharavathi Valley WLS |
1974 |
930.16 |
Shimoga |
| 31 |
Shettihalli WLS |
1974 |
395.6 |
Shimoga |
| 32 |
Someshwara WLS |
1974 |
314.25 |
Udipi |
| 33 |
Talakaveri WLS |
1987 |
105.01 |
Kodagu |
| 34 |
Thimlapura |
2016 |
50.86 |
Tumkur |
| 35 |
Yadahalli Chinkara |
2015 |
96.36 |
Tumkur |
|
Kerala
|
| 1 |
Aralam WLS |
1984 |
55 |
Kannur |
| 2 |
Chimmony WLS |
1984 |
85 |
Thrissur |
| 3 |
Chinnar WLS |
1984 |
90.44 |
Idukki |
| 4 |
Chulannur Peafowl WLS |
2007 |
3.42 |
Thrissur & Palakkad |
| 5 |
Idukki WLS |
1976 |
70 |
Idukki |
| 6 |
Kottiyoor WLS |
2011 |
30.38 |
Kannur |
| 7 |
Karimpuzha |
2019 |
227.97 |
Malappuram |
| 8 |
Kurinjimala WLS |
2006 |
32 |
Idukki |
| 9 |
Malabar WLS |
2010 |
74.22 |
Kozhikode |
| 10 |
Mangalavanam Bird WLS |
2004 |
0.03 |
Ernakulam |
| 11 |
Neyyar WLS |
1958 |
128 |
Thiruvananthapuram |
| 12 |
Parambikulam WLS |
1973 |
285 |
Palakkad |
| 13 |
Peechi-Vazhani WLS |
1958 |
125 |
Thrissur |
| 14 |
Peppara WLS |
1983 |
53 |
Thiruvananthapuram |
| 15 |
Periyar WLS |
1950 |
427 |
Idukki |
| 16 |
Shendurney WLS |
1984 |
100.32 |
Ouilon |
| 17 |
Thattekad Bird WLS |
1983 |
25 |
Idukki |
| 18 |
Wayanad WLS |
1973 |
344.44 |
Wayanad |
|
Lakshadweep
|
| 1 |
Pitti (Bird Island) WLS |
1995 |
0.01 |
Lakshadweep |
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Bagdara WLS |
1978 |
478 |
Sidhi |
| 2 |
Bori WLS |
1977 |
485.72 |
Hoshangabad |
| 3 |
Gandhi Sagar WLS |
1981 |
368.62 |
Mandsaur & Neemuch |
| 4 |
Ghatigaon WLS |
1981 |
511 |
Gwalior |
| 5 |
Karera WLS |
1981 |
202.21 |
Shivpuri |
| 6 |
Ken Gharial WLS |
1981 |
45.2 |
Panna & Chhatarpur |
| 7 |
Kheoni WLS |
1982 |
134.78 |
Dewas & Sehore |
| 8 |
Narsighgarh WLS |
1978 |
57.19 |
Raigarh |
| 9 |
National Chambal WLS |
1978 |
435 |
Morena & Bhind |
| 10 |
Noradehi WLS |
1984 |
1194.67 |
Damoh, Sagar & Narsimhapur |
| 11 |
Orcha WLS |
1994 |
44.91 |
Tikamgarh |
| 12 |
Pachmarhi WLS |
1977 |
491.63 |
Hoshngabad |
| 13 |
Kuno WLS |
1981 |
344.68 |
Morena |
|
Panna (Gangau) WLS |
1979 |
78.53 |
Panna |
| 15 |
Panpatha WLS |
1983 |
245.84 |
Umaria |
| 16 |
Pench WLS |
1975 |
118.47 |
Seoni & Chhindwara |
| 17 |
Phen WLS |
1983 |
110.74 |
Mandla |
| 18 |
Ralamandal WLS |
1989 |
2.35 |
Indore |
| 19 |
Ratapani WLS |
1978 |
910.639 |
Raisen |
| 20 |
Sailana WLS |
1983 |
12.96 |
Ratlam |
| 21 |
Sanjay Dubari WLS |
1975 |
347.94 |
Sidhi |
| 22 |
Sardarpur WLS |
1983 |
348.12 |
Dhar |
| 23 |
Singhori WLS |
1976 |
312.036 |
Raisen |
| 24 |
Son Gharial WLS |
1981 |
83.684 |
Sidhi, Shahdol & Satna |
| 25 |
Veerangna Durgavati WLS |
1997 |
23.97 |
Damoh |
|
Maharashtra
|
| 1 |
Amba Barwa WLS |
1997 |
127.11 |
Buldhana |
| 2 |
Andhari WLS |
1986 |
509.27 |
Chandrapur |
| 3 |
Aner Dam WLS |
1986 |
82.94 |
Dhule |
| 4 |
Bhamragarh WLS |
1997 |
104.38 |
Gadchiroli |
| 5 |
Bhimashankar WLS |
1985 |
130.78 |
Pune & Thane |
| 6 |
Bor WLS |
1970 |
61.1 |
Wardha & Nagpur |
| 7 |
Chaprala WLS |
1986 |
134.78 |
Gadchiroli |
| 8 |
Deulgaon-Rehekuri WLS |
1980 |
2.17 |
Ahmednagar |
| 9 |
Dhyanganga WLS |
1997 |
205.23 |
Buldhana |
| 10 |
New Maldhok Bird (Gangewadi) |
2012 |
1.98 |
|
| 11 |
Ghodazari |
2018 |
159 |
|
| 12 |
Gautala-Autramghat WLS |
1986 |
260.61 |
Aurangabad & Jalgaon |
| 13 |
Great Indian Bustard WLS |
1979 |
366.73 |
Solapur & Ahmednagar |
| 14 |
Isapur |
2014 |
37.8 |
|
| 15 |
Jaikwadi WLS |
1986 |
341.05 |
Aurangabad & Ahmednagar |
| 16 |
Kalsubai Harishchandragad WLS |
1986 |
361.71 |
Ahmednagar |
| 17 |
Karnala Fort WLS |
1968 |
4.48 |
Raigad |
| 18 |
Karanja Sohal Blackbuck WLS |
2000 |
18.32 |
Akola |
| 19 |
Katepurna WLS |
1988 |
73.63 |
Akola & Washim |
| 20 |
Koyana WLS |
1985 |
423.55 |
Satara |
| 21 |
Koka |
2013 |
100.14 |
|
| 22 |
Lonar WLS |
2000 |
1.17 |
Buldhana |
| 23 |
Malvan Marine WLS |
1987 |
29.12 |
Sindhudurg |
| 24 |
Mansingdeo WLS |
2010 |
182.59 |
Nagpur |
| 25 |
Mayureswar Supe WLS |
1997 |
5.15 |
Pune |
| 26 |
Melghat WLS |
1985 |
778.75 |
Amravati |
| 27 |
Nagzira WLS |
1970 |
152.81 |
Gondia, Bhandara |
| 28 |
Naigaon Peacock WLS |
1994 |
29.89 |
Beed |
| 29 |
Nandur Madhameshwar WLS |
1986 |
100.12 |
Nashik |
| 30 |
Narnala Bird WLS |
1997 |
12.35 |
Akola |
| 31 |
Nawegaon WLS |
2012 |
122.76 |
Gondia |
| 32 |
New Bor WLS |
2012 |
60.7 |
Nagpur-Wardha |
| 33 |
New Nagzira WLS |
2012 |
151.33 |
Gondia |
| 34 |
Painganga WLS |
1986 |
324.62 |
Yeotmal & Nanded |
| 35 |
Phansad WLS |
1986 |
69.79 |
Raigad |
| 36 |
Radhanagari WLS |
1958 |
351.16 |
Kolhapur |
| 37 |
Sagareshwar WLS |
1985 |
10.87 |
Sangali |
| 38 |
Tansa WLS |
1970 |
304.81 |
Thane |
| 39 |
Thane Creek Flamingo WLS |
2015 |
16.905 |
Mumbai Suburban |
| 40 |
Tipeshwar WLS |
1997 |
148.63 |
Yeotmal |
| 41 |
Tungareshwar WLS |
2003 |
85 |
Thane |
| 42 |
Yawal WLS |
1969 |
177.52 |
Jalgaon |
| 43 |
Yedsi Ramlin Ghat WLS |
1997 |
22.38 |
Aurangabad (Osmanabad) |
| 44 |
Umred-Kharngla WLS |
2012 |
189.3 |
Nagpur & Bhandara |
| 45 |
Wan WLS |
1997 |
211 |
Amravati |
| 46 |
Sudhagad |
2014 |
77.13 |
|
| 47 |
Tamhini |
2013 |
49.62 |
|
| 48 |
Pranhita |
2014 |
420.06 |
|
|
Manipur
|
| 1 |
Yangoupokpi Lokchao WLS |
1989 |
184.4 |
Chandel |
| 2 |
Khongjaingamba Ching |
2016 |
0.412 |
|
| 3 |
Jiri Makru |
1997 |
198 |
|
| 4 |
Kailam |
1997 |
187.5 |
|
| 5 |
Zeilad |
1997 |
21 |
|
| 6 |
Bunning |
1997 |
115.8 |
|
| 7 |
Thinungei Bird |
2019 |
1.031 |
|
|
Meghalaya
|
| 1 |
Baghmara Pitcher Plant WLS |
1984 |
0.02 |
South Garo Hills |
| 2 |
Nongkhyllem WLSc |
1981 |
29 |
Ri-Bhoi (North Khasi Hills) |
| 3 |
Siju WLS |
1979 |
5.18 |
South Garo Hills |
| 4 |
Narpuh |
2014 |
59.9 |
|
|
Mizoram
|
| 1 |
Dampa WLS |
1985 |
500 |
Mamit |
| 2 |
Khawnglung WLS |
1992 |
35 |
Serchhip |
| 3 |
Lengteng WLS |
1999 |
60 |
Champhai |
| 4 |
Ngengpui WLS |
1991 |
110 |
Lawngtlai |
| 5 |
Pualreng WLS |
2004 |
50 |
Kolasib |
| 6 |
Tawi WLS |
1978 |
35.75 |
Aizawl |
| 7 |
Thorangtlang |
2002 |
50 |
Serchhip |
| 8 |
Tokalo WLS |
2007 |
250 |
Saiha |
| 9 |
Buhvum |
2015 |
94 |
|
|
Nagaland
|
| 1 |
Fakim WLS |
1980 |
6.41 |
Tuensang |
| 2 |
Puliebadze WLS |
1980 |
9.23 |
Kohima |
| 3 |
Rangapahar WLS |
1986 |
4.7 |
Dimapur |
| 4 |
Singphan |
2009 |
23.57 |
|
|
Odisha
|
| 1 |
Badrama WLS |
1962 |
304.03 |
Sambalpur |
| 2 |
Baisipalli WLS |
1981 |
168.35 |
Nayagarh |
| 3 |
Balukhand Konark WLS |
1984 |
71.72 |
Puri |
| 4 |
Bhitarkanika WLS |
1975 |
525 |
Kendrapara |
| 5 |
Chandaka Dampara WLS |
1982 |
175.79 |
Khurda & Cuttack |
| 6 |
Chilika (Nalaban) WLS |
1987 |
15.53 |
Khurda, Puri & Ganjam |
| 7 |
Debrigarh WLS |
1985 |
346.91 |
Sambalpur |
| 8 |
Gahirmatha (Marine) WLS |
1997 |
1435 |
Kendrapara |
| 9 |
Hadgarh WLS |
1978 |
191.06 |
Keonjhar & Mayurbhanj |
| 10 |
Kapilash WLS |
|
125.5 |
Dhenkanal |
| 11 |
Karlapat WLS |
1992 |
147.66 |
Kalahandi |
| 12 |
Khalasuni WLS |
1982 |
116 |
Sambalpur |
| 13 |
Kothagarh WLS |
1981 |
399.5 |
Phulbani |
| 14 |
Kuldiha WLS |
1984 |
272.75 |
Balesore |
| 15 |
Lakhari Valley WLS |
1985 |
185.87 |
Gajapati |
| 16 |
Nandankanan WLS |
1979 |
14.16 |
Khurda |
| 17 |
Satkosia Gorge WLS |
1976 |
745.52 |
Angul, Boudh & Cuttack |
| 18 |
Simlipal WLS |
1979 |
1354.3 |
Mayurbhanj |
| 19 |
Sunabeda WLS |
1988 |
500 |
Nuapada |
|
Puducherry
|
| 1 |
Oussudu WLS |
2008 |
3.9 |
Pondicherry |
|
Punjab
|
| 1 |
Abohar WLS |
1988 |
186.5 |
Firozpur |
| 2 |
Bir Aishvan WLS |
1952 |
2.64 |
Sangrur |
| 3 |
Bir Bhadson WLS |
1952 |
10.23 |
Patiala |
| 4 |
Bir Bunerheri WLS |
1952 |
6.62 |
Patiala |
| 5 |
Bir Dosanjh WLS |
1952 |
5.18 |
Patiala |
| 6 |
Bir Gurdialpura WLS |
1977 |
6.2 |
Patiala |
| 7 |
Bir Mehaswala WLS |
1952 |
1.23 |
Patiala |
| 8 |
Bir Motibagh WLS |
1952 |
6.54 |
Patiala |
| 9 |
Harike Lake WLS |
1982 |
86 |
Firozpur |
| 10 |
Jhajjar Bacholi WLS |
1998 |
1.16 |
Ropar |
| 11 |
Kathlaur Kushlian WLS |
2007 |
7.58 |
Gurdaspur |
| 12 |
Takhni-Rehampur WLS |
1992 |
3.82 |
Hoshiarpur |
| 13 |
Nangal WLS |
2009 |
2.9 |
Rupnagar |
|
Rajasthan
|
| 1 |
Bandh Baratha WLS |
1985 |
199.5 |
Bharatpur |
| 2 |
Bassi WLS |
1988 |
138.69 |
Chittaurgarh |
| 3 |
Bhensrodgarh WLS |
1983 |
229.14 |
Chittaurgarh |
| 4 |
Darrah WLS |
1955 |
80.75 |
Kota & Jhalawar |
| 5 |
Jaisamand WLS |
1955 |
52 |
Udaipur (Rajsamand) |
| 6 |
Jamwa Ramgarh WLS |
1982 |
300 |
Jaipur |
| 7 |
Jawahar Sagar WLS |
1975 |
153.41 |
Kota, Bundi & Chittaurgarh |
| 8 |
Kailadevi WLS |
1983 |
676.38 |
Karouli (Sawai Madhopur) |
| 9 |
Kesarbagh WLS |
1955 |
14.76 |
Dholpur |
| 10 |
Kumbhalgarh WLS |
1971 |
608.58 |
Pali, Rajsamand, Udaipur |
| 11 |
Mount Abu WLS |
1960 |
326.1 |
Sirohi |
| 12 |
Nahargarh WLS |
1980 |
50 |
Jaipur |
| 13 |
National Chambal WLS |
1979 |
274.75 |
Kota, Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Dholpur & Karouli |
| 14 |
Phulwari Ki Nal WLS |
1983 |
692.68 |
Udaipur & Pali |
| 15 |
Ramgarh Vishdhari WLS |
1982 |
252.79 |
Bundi |
| 16 |
Ramsagar WLS |
1955 |
34.4 |
Dholpur |
| 17 |
Sajjangarh WLS |
1987 |
5.19 |
Udaipur |
| 18 |
Sariska WLS |
1955 |
219 |
Alwar |
| 19 |
Sawaimadhopur WLS |
1955 |
131.3 |
Sawai Madhopur |
| 20 |
Sawai Man Singh WLS |
1984 |
103.25 |
Sawai Madhopur |
| 21 |
Shergarh WLS |
1983 |
98.71 |
Kota (Baran) |
| 22 |
Sitamata WLS |
1979 |
422.94 |
Chittaurgarh & Udaipur |
| 23 |
Tal Chhapar WLS |
1971 |
7.19 |
Churu |
| 24 |
Todgarh Raoli WLS |
1983 |
495.27 |
Ajmer, Pali & Rajsamand |
| 25 |
Van Vihar WLS |
1955 |
25.6 |
Dholpur |
|
Sikkim
|
| 1 |
Barsey Rhododendron WLS |
1998 |
104 |
West Sikkim |
| 2 |
Fambong Lho WLS |
1984 |
51.76 |
East Sikkim |
| 3 |
Kitam Bird WLS |
2005 |
6 |
South Sikkim |
| 4 |
Kyongnosla Alpine WLS |
1977 |
31 |
East Sikkim |
| 5 |
Maenam WLS |
1987 |
35.34 |
South Sikkim |
| 6 |
Pangolakha WLS |
2002 |
128 |
East Sikkim |
| 7 |
Shingba Rhododendron WLS |
1984 |
43 |
North Sikkim |
|
Tamil Nadu
|
| 1 |
Cauvery North WLS |
2014 |
504.33 |
Kishnagiri & Dharmapuri |
| 2 |
Chitrangudi Bird WLS |
1989 |
0.48 |
Ramanathpuram |
| 3 |
Gangaikondam Spotted Dear WLS |
2013 |
2.88 |
Tirunelveli |
| 4 |
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) WLS |
1976 |
841.49 |
Coimbatore |
| 5 |
Kalakad WLS |
1976 |
223.58 |
Tirunelveli |
| 6 |
Kanjirankulam Bird WLS |
1989 |
1.04 |
Ramanathpuram |
| 7 |
Kanyakumari WLS |
2002 |
457.78 |
Kanyakumari |
| 8 |
Karaivetti Bird WLS |
1999 |
4.54 |
Perambalur |
| 9 |
Karikilli Birds WLS |
1989 |
0.61 |
Kanchipuram |
| 10 |
Kodaikanal WLS |
2013 |
608.95 |
Dindigul & Theni |
| 11 |
Koonthankulam-Kadankulam WLS |
1994 |
1.29 |
Tirunelveli |
| 12 |
Megamalai |
2016 |
269.11 |
Theni |
| 13 |
Melaselvanoor-Keelaselvanoor WLS |
1998 |
5.93 |
Ramanathpuram |
| 14 |
Mudumalai WLS |
1942 |
217.76 |
Nilgiris |
| 15 |
Mundanthurai WLS |
1977 |
567.38 |
Tirunelveli |
| 16 |
Nellai WLS |
2015 |
356.73 |
Tirunelveli |
| 17 |
Oussudu Lake Bird Sanctuary |
2015 |
3.32 |
Villupuram |
| 18 |
Point Calimere WLS |
1967 |
17.26 |
Nagapattinam |
| 19 |
Pulicat Lake Bird WLS |
1980 |
153.67 |
Tiruvellore |
| 20 |
Point Calimere Block-A & Block-B |
2013 |
124.0727 |
Tiruvellore |
| 21 |
Sathyamangalam WS |
2008, 2011 |
1411.61 |
Erode |
| 22 |
Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel WLS |
1988 |
485.2 |
Virudhunagar |
| 23 |
Theerthangal |
2016 |
0.29 |
Ramanathpuram |
| 24 |
Sakkarakottai |
2016 |
2.3 |
Ramanathpuram |
| 25 |
Udayamarthandapuram Lake WLS |
1991 |
0.45 |
Thiruvarur |
| 26 |
Vaduvoor Birds WLS |
1991 |
1.28 |
Thiruvarur |
| 27 |
Vedanthangal Lake Birds WLS |
1936 |
0.3 |
Chengalpet |
| 28 |
Vellanadu Blackbuck WLS |
1987 |
16.41 |
Tuticorin |
| 29 |
Vellode Birds WLS |
1997 |
0.77 |
Erode |
| 30 |
Vettangudi Birds WLS |
1977 |
0.38 |
Sivagangai |
|
Telangana
|
| 1 |
Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam WLS |
1978 |
2166.37 |
Nalgonda & Mahaboobnagar |
| 2 |
Eturnagaram WLS |
1953 |
803 |
Warangal |
| 3 |
Kawal WLS |
1965 |
892.23 |
Adilabad |
| 4 |
Kinnersani WLS |
1977 |
635.41 |
Khammam |
| 5 |
Lanja Madugu Siwaram WLS |
1978 |
29.81 |
Adilabad & Karimnagar |
| 6 |
Manjeera Crocodile WLS |
1978 |
20 |
Medak |
| 7 |
Pakhal WLS |
1952 |
860 |
Warangal |
| 8 |
Pocharam WLS |
1952 |
130 |
Medak |
| 9 |
Pranahita WLS |
1980 |
136.03 |
Adilabad |
| *combined area with Andhra Pradesh |
|
|
|
|
Tripura
|
| 1 |
Gumti WLS |
1988 |
389.54 |
South Tripura |
| 2 |
Rowa WLS |
1988 |
0.86 |
North Tripura |
| 3 |
Sepahijala WLS |
1987 |
13.45 |
West Tripura |
| 4 |
Trishna WLS |
1988 |
163.08 |
South Tripura |
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
| 1 |
Bakhira |
1990 |
28.94 |
Sant Kabir Nagar |
| 2 |
Chandraprabha |
1957 |
78 |
Chandauli |
| 3 |
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Bird WLS |
2003 |
4.27 |
Pratapgarh |
| 4 |
Chandra Sekhar Azad (Nawabganj) Bird |
|
1984 |
2.25 |
| 5 |
Hastinapur WLS |
1986 |
2073 |
Muzzafar Nagar, Meerut, Muradabad, Ghaziabad,
Bijnore & Jyotibhaphuley Nagar
|
| 6 |
Kaimur WLS |
1982 |
500.73 |
Mirzapur & Sonbhadra |
| 7 |
Katerniaghat WLS |
1976 |
400.09 |
Bahraich |
| 8 |
Kishanpur WLS |
1972 |
227 |
Lakhimpur-Kheri & Shahjahanpur |
| 9 |
Lakh Bahosi Bird WLS |
1988 |
80.24 |
Farrukhabad |
| 10 |
Mahavir Swami WLS |
1977 |
5.41 |
Lalitpur |
| 11 |
National Chambal WLS |
1979 |
635 |
Agra & Etawah |
| 12 |
Nawabganj Bird WLS |
1984 |
2.25 |
Unnao |
| 13 |
Okhala Bird WLS |
1990 |
4 |
Gautam Budha Nagar (Ghaziabad) |
| 14 |
Parvati Aranga WLS |
1990 |
10.84 |
Gonda |
| 15 |
Patna WLS |
1990 |
1.09 |
Etah |
| 16 |
Ranipur WLS |
1977 |
230.31 |
Banda & Chitrakoot |
| 17 |
Saman Bird WLS |
1990 |
5.26 |
Mainpuri |
| 18 |
Samaspur Bird WLS |
1987 |
7.99 |
Rae Bareli |
| 19 |
Sandi Birds WLS |
1990 |
3.09 |
Hardoi |
| 20 |
Sohagibarwa WLS |
1987 |
428.2 |
Maharajganj |
| 21 |
Sohelwa WLS |
1988 |
452.47 |
Gonda, Shravasti & Balrampur |
| 22 |
Sur Sarovar Bird WLS |
1991 |
4.03 |
Agra |
| 23 |
Jai Prakash Narayan (Surhatal) Bird WLS |
1991 |
34.32 |
Ballia |
| 24 |
Turtle WLS |
1989 |
7 |
Varanasi |
| 25 |
Vijai Sagar WLS |
1990 |
2.62 |
Mahoba |
| 26 |
Pilibhit |
2014 |
602.8 |
|
| 27 |
Shekha Bird |
2016 |
0.25 |
|
|
Uttarakhand
|
| 1 |
Askot WLS |
1986 |
600 |
Pithoragarh |
| 2 |
Binsar WLS |
1988 |
47.07 |
Almora |
| 3 |
Govind Pashu Vihar WLS |
1955 |
485.89 |
Uttarkashi |
| 4 |
Kedarnath WLS |
1972 |
975.2 |
Chamoli & Rudraprayag |
| 5 |
Mussoorie WLS |
1993 |
10.82 |
Dehradun |
| 6 |
Nandhaur WLS |
2012 |
269.96 |
Nainital & Champawat |
| 7 |
Sonanadi WLS |
1987 |
301.18 |
Pauri Garhwal |
|
West Bengal
|
| 1 |
Ballavpur WLS |
1977 |
2.02 |
Birbhum |
| 2 |
Bethuadahari WLS |
1980 |
0.67 |
Nadia |
| 3 |
Bibhuti Bhusan WLS |
1980 |
0.64 |
North 24-Paraganas |
| 4 |
Buxa WLS |
1986 |
267.92 |
Jalpaiguri |
| 5 |
Chapramari WLS |
1976 |
9.6 |
Jalpaiguri |
| 6 |
Chintamani Kar Bird WLS |
1982 |
0.07 |
South 24-Paraganas |
| 7 |
Haliday Island WLS |
1976 |
5.95 |
South 24-Paraganas |
| 8 |
Jorepokhri Salamander WLS |
1985 |
0.04 |
Darjeeling |
| 9 |
Lothian Island WLS |
1976 |
38 |
South 24-Paraganas |
| 10 |
Mahananda WLS |
1976 |
158.04 |
Darjeeling & Jalpaiguri |
| 11 |
Raiganj WLS |
1985 |
1.3 |
North Dinajpur |
| 12 |
Ramnabagan WLS |
1981 |
0.14 |
Burdwan |
| 13 |
Sajnakhali WLS |
1976 |
362.4 |
South 24-Paraganas |
| 14 |
Senchal WLS |
1976 |
38.88 |
Darjeeling |
| 15 |
West Sunderban WLS |
2013 |
556.45 |
South 24-Paraganas |
(Source: wiienvis.nic.in/)
Table 4. Conservation Reserve of India
| SNo |
Name of State |
SNo |
Name of Protected Area |
Year of Notification |
Area (in km2) |
| 1 |
Gujarat |
1 |
Chharidhandh |
2008 |
227 |
| 2 |
Haryana |
1 |
Bir Bara Ban |
2007 |
4.19 |
| 2 |
Saraswati Plantation |
2007 |
44.53 |
| 3 |
Himachal Pradesh |
1 |
Darlaghat |
2013 |
0.67 |
| 2 |
Shilli |
2013 |
1.49 |
| 3 |
Shri Naina Devi |
2013 |
17.01 |
| 4 |
Karnataka |
1 |
Ankasamudra Birds |
2017 |
0.988 |
| 2 |
Banakapur |
2006 |
0.56 |
| 3 |
Basur Amruth Mahal Kaval |
2011 |
7.36 |
| 4 |
Bedthi |
2011 |
57.3 |
| 5 |
Hornbill |
2011 |
52.5 |
| 6 |
Jayamangali Blackbuck |
2007 |
3.23 |
| 7 |
Kolara Leaf Nosed Bat |
2019 |
0.9 |
| 8 |
Magadi Kere |
2015 |
0.54 |
| 9 |
Melapura Bee Eater Bird |
2015 |
0.0318 |
| 10 |
Puttenahalli Lake Birds |
2015 |
0.15 |
| 11 |
Shalmale Riparian Bio-system |
2012 |
4.89 |
| 12 |
Thimlapura |
2016 |
17.38 |
| 13 |
Thungabhadra Otter |
2015 |
20 |
| 14 |
Ummathur |
2017 |
6.08 |
| 5 |
Maharashtra |
1 |
Anjneri |
2017 |
5.69 |
| 2 |
Bhorkada |
2008 |
3.49 |
| 3 |
Kolamarka |
2013 |
180.72 |
| 4 |
Mamdapur |
2014 |
54.46 |
| 5 |
Muktai Bhavani |
2014 |
122.74 |
| 6 |
Tillari |
2020 |
29.53 |
| 7 |
Toranmal |
2016 |
93.42 |
| 6 |
Punjab |
1 |
Beas River |
2017 |
Not available |
| 2 |
Rakh Sarai Amanat Khan |
2010 |
4.95 |
| 3 |
Ranjit Sagar |
2017 |
18.65 |
| 4 |
Ropar Wetland |
2017 |
2.11 |
| 7 |
Rajasthan |
1 |
Bir Jhunjhunu |
2012 |
10.47 |
| 2 |
Bisalpur |
2008 |
36.67 |
| 3 |
Gogelao |
2012 |
3.58 |
| 4 |
Gudha Bisnoiyan |
2011 |
2.3187 |
| 5 |
Jawai Bandh Leopard |
2013 |
19.7858 |
| 6 |
Jor Beed Gadwala Bikaner |
2008 |
56.4662 |
| 7 |
Khetri Bansyal |
2017 |
70.18 |
| 8 |
Rotu |
2012 |
0.73 |
| 9 |
Shakambhari |
2012 |
131 |
| 10 |
Sundha Mata |
2008 |
117.4892 |
| 11 |
Umedganj Bird |
2012 |
2.7247 |
| 12 |
Bansial Khetri Bagore |
2018 |
39.66 |
| 13 |
Jawai Bandh Leopard |
2018 |
61.98 |
| 14 |
Mansa Mata |
2019 |
102.31 |
| 8 |
Sikkim |
1 |
Sling Dong Fairreanum Orchid |
2008 |
0.06 |
| 9 |
Tamil Nadu |
1 |
Tiruppadaimarathur |
2005 |
0.0284 |
| 2 |
Suchindrum-Theroor-Managudi |
2015 |
4.8477 |
| 10 |
Uttarakhand |
1 |
Asan Wetland |
2005 |
4.44 |
| 2 |
Jhilmil Jheel |
2005 |
37.84 |
| 3 |
Naina Devi Himalayan Bird |
2015 |
111.92 |
| 4 |
Pawalgarh |
2012 |
58.25 |
| 11 |
West Bengal |
1 |
Deul |
2017 |
10.5 |
| 2 |
Garpanchkot |
2017 |
1340.34 |
| 3 |
Hijli |
2017 |
15.5 |
| 4 |
Mukutmanipur |
2017 |
43.7 |
| 5 |
Tekonia |
2017 |
5.87 |
| 12 |
Jammu & Kashmir |
1 |
Achabal |
2008 |
20 |
| 2 |
Ajas |
2008 |
48 |
| 3 |
Bahu |
2008 |
19.75 |
| 4 |
Brain-Nishat |
2008 |
15.75 |
| 5 |
Chatlam, Pampore Wetland |
2008 |
0.426 |
| 6 |
Freshkhori Wetland |
2008 |
0.1525 |
| 7 |
Gambir Mughlan Goral |
2019 |
21.3 |
| 8 |
Gharana Wetland |
2008 |
0.75 |
| 9 |
Hokera (Ramsar Site) Wetland |
2008 |
13.75 |
| 10 |
Hygam Wetland |
2008 |
7.25 |
| 11 |
Jawahar Tunnel (Chakore Reserve) |
2008 |
19.572 |
| 12 |
Khanagund / Hajin |
2008 |
15.5 |
| 13 |
Kheri |
2008 |
18.45 |
| 14 |
Khimber/Dara/Sharazbal |
2008 |
34 |
| 15 |
Khonmoh |
2008 |
67 |
| 16 |
Khrew |
2008 |
50.25 |
| 17 |
Kranchoo Wetland |
2008 |
0.064 |
| 18 |
Kukarian Wetland |
2008 |
24.25 |
| 19 |
Kulian |
2008 |
10.29 |
| 20 |
Malgam Wetland |
2008 |
2.665 |
| 21 |
Manibugh Wetland |
2008 |
0.053 |
| 22 |
Mirgund Wetland |
2008 |
4.06 |
| 23 |
Naganari |
2008 |
9.54 |
| 24 |
Nanga Wetland |
2008 |
15.25 |
| 25 |
Narkara Wetland |
2008 |
3.25 |
| 26 |
Pargwal Wetlnd |
2008 |
49.25 |
| 27 |
Sangral-Asachak Wetland |
2008 |
7 |
| 28 |
Shallabugh Wetland |
2008 |
16.91 |
| 29 |
Sudhmahadev |
2008 |
142.25 |
| 30 |
Thein Wetland |
2008 |
18.9 |
| 31 |
Wangat/Chatergul or Wangath |
2008 |
12 |
| 32 |
Zaloora, Harwan |
2008 |
25.25 |
| 13 |
Ladakh |
1 |
Boodh Karbu |
2008 |
12 |
| 2 |
Kanji |
2008 |
100 |
| 3 |
Norrichain Wetland (Tsokar) |
2008 |
2 |
| 4 |
Sabu |
2008 |
15 |
| 5 |
Tsomoiri Wetland |
2008 |
120 |
| 14 |
Lakshadweep |
1 |
A. Attakoya Thangal Marine |
2019 |
40 |
| 2 |
Dr. K.K. Mohammed Koya Sea Cucumber |
2019 |
172.59 |
| 3 |
P.M. Sayeed Marine Birds |
2019 |
57.46 |
| Total Area |
4483.153 |
Table 5. Community Reserve of India
| SNo |
Name of State |
S.No. |
Name of Protected Area |
Year of Notification |
Area (in km2) |
| 1 |
Arunachal Pradesh |
1 |
Arung |
2012 |
7.5 |
| 2 |
Banfera Longnakshi |
2011 |
4.75 |
| 3 |
Chahang |
2015 |
8.8 |
| 4 |
Martak Riang |
2016 |
18 |
| 5 |
Lal Aane |
2012 |
37.75 |
| 6 |
Piji Chello Padung |
2017 |
28 |
| 7 |
Rate |
2019 |
5.77 |
| 8 |
Singchang Begun Village |
2017 |
17 |
| 9 |
Wanu |
2011 |
4.025 |
| 2 |
Haryana |
1 |
Abubshehar |
2018 |
115.3 |
| 2 |
Golden Jubilee Braham Sarovar |
2017 |
0.361 |
| 3 |
Shri Guru Jambheswar |
2019 |
0.05 |
| 4 |
Shaheed Amrita Devi Memorial |
2019 |
0.0981 |
| 5 |
Guru Gorakhnath |
2019 |
0.032 |
| 3 |
Karnataka |
1 |
Kokkare Bellur |
2007 |
3.12 |
| 4 |
Kerala |
1 |
Kadalundi Vallikkunnu |
2007 |
1.5 |
| 5 |
Manipur |
1 |
Azuram |
2017 |
5.85 |
| 2 |
Baneevehdea |
2017 |
2.1 |
| 3 |
Chipeivao |
2018 |
5.85 |
| 4 |
Chiibvii & Veimairii |
2017 |
3.39 |
| 5 |
Houphai |
2018 |
3.23 |
| 6 |
Lungphu |
2018 |
3.7 |
| 7 |
Mekrimai Ru & Kakramai Bu |
2018 |
72.456 |
| 8 |
Pfunemai |
2016 |
2.1 |
| 9 |
Shangneme |
2018 |
3 |
| 10 |
Sofii Khro |
2017 |
2.04 |
| 6 |
Meghalaya |
1 |
Aruakgre |
2013 |
0.1 |
| 2 |
Aruakgre |
2014 |
1 |
| 3 |
Baladingre |
2013 |
0.5 |
| 4 |
Balsri Adingi |
2017 |
0.456 |
| 5 |
Bandarigre |
2013 |
0.0067 |
| 6 |
Chandigre |
2013 |
0.37 |
| 7 |
Chenggni |
2017 |
1.74 |
| 8 |
Chimanpara |
2016 |
0.102 |
| 9 |
Chimitap |
2017 |
2.28 |
| 10 |
Dallengggittim |
2017 |
0.2217 |
| 11 |
Dambuk Attong |
2017 |
3.66 |
| 12 |
Dambuk Jongkol |
2017 |
2.648 |
| 13 |
Dangkipara |
2014 |
0.025 |
| 14 |
Daribokgre |
2013 |
1.73 |
| 15 |
Dumitdikgre |
2013 |
0.7 |
| 16 |
Dura Kalakgre |
2013 |
0.6 |
| 17 |
Eman Asakgre |
2013 |
0.304 |
| 18 |
Gokagre |
2017 |
0.1789 |
| 19 |
Halwa Ambeng |
2017 |
0.941 |
| 20 |
Jaksongram |
2017 |
0.555 |
| 21 |
Jirang |
2014 |
2 |
| 22 |
Ka Khloo Langdoh Kur Pyrtuh |
2014 |
0.154 |
| 23 |
Ka Khloo Pohblai Mooshutia |
2014 |
0.335 |
| 24 |
Ka Khloo Thangbru Umsymphu |
2014 |
0.196 |
| 25 |
Ka Lum Luwe |
2018 |
0.141 |
| 26 |
Khloo Amrawan |
2015 |
1.2875 |
| 27 |
Khloo Blai Chyrmang Sein Raij Kongwasan Chyrmang
Kmai
|
2013 |
0.07 |
| 28 |
Khloo Blai Ka Raij U Landoh longlang |
2016 |
0.1512 |
| 29 |
Ka Khloo Blai Lyngdoh Sein Raji Mynso |
2019 |
0.00852 |
| 30 |
Khloo Blai Sein Raij Tuber |
2013 |
0.8943 |
| 31 |
Ka Wah Umpatho |
2019 |
0.31864 |
| 32 |
Ka Khlaw Umthalong |
2020 |
0.02401 |
| 33 |
Ka Krem Labit Umkyrpong |
2020 |
0.048 |
| 34 |
Ka Khloo Thangbru Sula Lynter Sein Rai Mynso |
2019 |
0.03293 |
| 35 |
Ka Law Lyngdoh |
2020 |
3.481 |
| 36 |
Kitmadamgre |
2014 |
0.7 |
| 37 |
Kpoh Eijah |
2014 |
0.17 |
| 38 |
Lawbah |
2014 |
3.1144 |
| 39 |
Lotnagar |
2017 |
0.456 |
| 40 |
Lum Jusong |
2016 |
1.3046 |
| 41 |
Lumkohkriah |
2014 |
6.11 |
| 42 |
Mandalgre |
2013 |
0.5 |
| 43 |
Matchirampat |
2017 |
0.217 |
| 44 |
Miewsyiar |
2014 |
0.87 |
| 45 |
Mikadogre |
2013 |
0.0128 |
| 46 |
Mongalgre |
2014 |
0.2 |
| 47 |
Nikwatgre |
2017 |
0.495 |
| 48 |
Nongsangu |
2014 |
1 |
| 49 |
Phudja-ud |
2014 |
1.2 |
| 50 |
Raid Nongbri |
2014 |
0.7 |
| 51 |
Raid Nonglyngdoh/ Pdah Kyndeng |
2014 |
0.75 |
| 52 |
Resu Haluapra |
2014 |
0.5 |
| 53 |
Rewak Daburam |
2017 |
0.183 |
| 54 |
Rewak Watregittim |
2017 |
0.098 |
| 55 |
Rongalgre |
2016 |
0.165 |
| 56 |
Rongcheng |
2017 |
2.356 |
| 57 |
Rongma Paromgre |
2013 |
0.623 |
| 58 |
Rongma Rekmangre |
2013 |
1.924 |
| 59 |
Ryngibah |
2016 |
0.96909 |
| 60 |
Ryngud |
2014 |
5.22 |
| 61 |
Sakalgre |
2013 |
1.22 |
| 62 |
Sasatgre |
2013 |
0.6 |
| 63 |
Selbalgre |
2013 |
0.2 |
| 64 |
Siju Duramong-I |
2017 |
0.768 |
| 65 |
Siju Duramong-II |
2017 |
2.51 |
| 66 |
Smaw Der Khil |
2020 |
0.00209 |
| 67 |
Taidang |
2017 |
1.214 |
| 68 |
Thangkharang |
2014 |
1.11 |
| 69 |
Thokpara |
2016 |
0.3 |
| 70 |
Umsum Pitcher Plant |
2014 |
0.4 |
| 71 |
Upper Dosogre |
2017 |
0.19691 |
| 7 |
Nagaland |
1 |
Ailang |
2019 |
3 |
| 2 |
Aimekhi (Japu) |
2019 |
2.05 |
| 3 |
Akhen |
2019 |
2.65 |
| 4 |
Akhegwo |
2019 |
2.65 |
| 5 |
Akumen |
2019 |
3.96 |
| 6 |
Aokangching (Pangsha Old) |
2019 |
3.5 |
| 7 |
Asukhomi |
2020 |
2.4 |
| 8 |
Atoizu |
2015 |
4 |
| 9 |
Benreu |
2018 |
30 |
| 10 |
Bhumbak |
2018 |
6.5 |
| 11 |
Bonchu |
2009 |
9.05 |
| 12 |
Changpang |
2020 |
5 |
| 13 |
Chemekong |
2015 |
29.175 |
| 14 |
Chingmelen |
2019 |
10 |
| 15 |
Chishilimi |
2015 |
3.5 |
| 16 |
D. Khel, Kohima Village |
2015 |
3 |
| 17 |
Deukwaram |
2019 |
11.2 |
| 18 |
Dihoma |
2015 |
2 |
| 19 |
Duina & Hiareu River |
2019 |
35 |
| 20 |
Ena Leu (Kingniu) |
2019 |
20.1 |
| 21 |
Ethungya Tongti Project (Vikhum) |
2019 |
23 |
| 22 |
Gariphema |
2018 |
2.65 |
| 23 |
Ghotovi |
2019 |
1.3 |
| 24 |
Hakchang |
2019 |
9.32 |
| 25 |
Hekheshe |
2019 |
1.85 |
| 26 |
Hovishe Arkha (Yezami) |
2018 |
5.1 |
| 27 |
Hukphang |
2018 |
3 |
| 28 |
Jingru Luyong (Alisopur) |
2019 |
15 |
| 29 |
Jotsoma |
2018 |
5 |
| 30 |
Kanjang |
2018 |
1 |
| 31 |
Kekhazong (Hurong) |
2019 |
4.5 |
| 32 |
Kezoma |
2018 |
2.65 |
| 33 |
Khekiye |
2015 |
2.5 |
| 34 |
Khonoma |
2018 |
2.65 |
| 35 |
Khrieyalienuomaiko |
2018 |
2.65 |
| 36 |
Khrokhropfu - Lephori |
2009 |
6.15 |
| 37 |
Khudei |
2018 |
4.8 |
| 38 |
Khutur |
2018 |
4.89 |
| 39 |
Khuzama |
2019 |
8 |
| 40 |
Khwuma Khel Jotsoma |
2018 |
3 |
| 41 |
Kidema |
2018 |
2.65 |
| 42 |
Kigwema |
2015 |
2.65 |
| 43 |
Kikruma |
2015 |
1.1 |
| 44 |
Kilo Old |
2018 |
2 |
| 45 |
Kiyekhu Village |
2020 |
1.77 |
| 46 |
Kiyelho |
2018 |
3 |
| 47 |
Kuzatu |
2019 |
2.65 |
| 48 |
Liangmain (Wui) |
2019 |
25 |
| 49 |
Litem |
2018 |
1.6 |
| 50 |
Lizuto |
2015 |
2.5 |
| 51 |
Longra |
2018 |
2.275 |
| 52 |
Longtang |
2018 |
5.8 |
| 53 |
Longtoker |
2019 |
30 |
| 54 |
Lotovi |
2018 |
1 |
| 55 |
Lotsu |
2019 |
10 |
| 56 |
Lumithsami Village |
2020 |
3.51 |
| 57 |
Luthsumi Village |
2020 |
2.77 |
| 58 |
L. Yanthan |
2020 |
1.2 |
| 59 |
Lumami Village |
2020 |
7.6 |
| 60 |
Luzaphuhu |
2015 |
14 |
| 61 |
Mezoma |
2015 |
2.85 |
| 62 |
Molungkimong |
2019 |
10 |
| 63 |
Morakjo |
2015 |
6.5 |
| 64 |
Mpai Namci |
2018 |
20 |
| 65 |
Naltoqa (Yezami) |
2019 |
5.25 |
| 66 |
Namen Min (Khar) |
2019 |
15 |
| 67 |
Nerhema Perazatsa |
2018 |
20 |
| 68 |
Nerhema Yaoke |
2018 |
20 |
| 69 |
Nian |
2018 |
2 |
| 70 |
Ningkelaksah |
2019 |
50 |
| 71 |
Noksen |
2018 |
1 |
| 72 |
Old Jalukie |
2019 |
3.7 |
| 73 |
Piphema “A” |
2018 |
1 |
| 74 |
Piphema “B” |
2018 |
2.8 |
| 75 |
Pukhato |
2019 |
1.4 |
| 76 |
Pyotchu Village |
2020 |
2.8 |
| 77 |
Rangkang |
2018 |
5.15 |
| 78 |
Sakhabama |
2018 |
2.5 |
| 79 |
Sangdak |
2018 |
5.09 |
| 80 |
Scaly-Mopungchuket |
2009 |
15 |
| 81 |
Sekai (Konya) |
2019 |
18 |
| 82 |
Sele Aoyang Khanshu (Tuensang P. Khel) |
2019 |
4.9 |
| 83 |
Shatuza |
2019 |
2.65 |
| 84 |
Shitsuasulu (Akhoya) |
2019 |
10 |
| 85 |
Sitap |
2018 |
1.5 |
| 86 |
Taknyu |
2019 |
5 |
| 87 |
Tamlu |
2018 |
2 |
| 88 |
Tampeikituang & Duinaki River |
2019 |
40 |
| 89 |
Teyozwu Saku (P. Khel of Viswema) |
2019 |
15 |
| 90 |
Thamushui (Chingmei) |
2019 |
15 |
| 91 |
Tokugha |
2019 |
1.85 |
| 92 |
Tsecu (Piphewa Old) |
2019 |
5 |
| 93 |
Tsekhwelu |
2015 |
8 |
| 94 |
Tsiepama |
2015 |
3.325 |
| 95 |
Tsuruhu |
2015 |
2.7 |
| 96 |
Tuophema Village |
2018 |
2.5 |
| 97 |
Tuophe Phezou (Perraziekou) |
2020 |
6 |
| 98 |
Tupiyak C.K. |
2019 |
1.75 |
| 99 |
Tutheze |
2019 |
1.62 |
| 100 |
Tutim (Kengjong) |
2019 |
10 |
| 101 |
Uza Zuzong (Langkok) |
2019 |
1.87 |
| 102 |
Viswema |
2018 |
2.65 |
| 103 |
Viyixe |
2019 |
2.65 |
| 104 |
Wakchin Chingla |
2018 |
30 |
| 105 |
Waromung |
2019 |
3 |
| 106 |
Weziho |
2019 |
2.65 |
| 107 |
Yali |
2018 |
14 |
| 108 |
Yangpi |
2018 |
3.0007 |
| 109 |
Yaongyimchen |
2018 |
8 |
| 110 |
Yehemi |
2019 |
7.49 |
| 110 |
Yongshei |
2018 |
1.5 |
| 112 |
Yonyu |
2018 |
4.8 |
| 113 |
Zhanuolie (Chichewa) |
2019 |
0.51 |
| 114 |
Zurutongtchu Project Land Owner Committee |
2019 |
10 |
| 8 |
Punjab |
1 |
Keshopur Chhamb |
2007 |
3.4 |
| 2 |
Lalwan |
2007 |
12.67 |
| 3 |
Siswan |
2017 |
12.95 |
PROTECTED AREA – LEGISLATIONS
INDIAN WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) ACT, 1972: Wildlife
Protection ACT of 1972: protects wild animals, birds, and
plants and for matters that are connected directly or additional
or related to them. This ACT has been amended up to 1993. It
extends to the whole of India except Jammu & Kashmir, which has
its own Wildlife ACT. Indian Wildlife Protection ACT has 6
schedules that are based on the difference in protection level.
Coming from Schedule I to Schedule VI, protection level
decreases. Schedule I and Schedule II got the highest level of
protection, and any offenses made under these categories will be
charged with the highest penalties. Schedule III and Schedule IV
are also protected, but penalties are much lower. Schedule V are
animals that may be hunted. Schedule VI include plants that are
prohibited from cultivation and planting
THE WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2002: In
this act, some amendments have been made on the Wildlife
Protection ACT of 1972. Amendment has been made in the
definition, section 2, 3, 4, 11, 21, 33, 35, 38B, 38H, 40, 42,
50, 51, 55, 63, & 64. New section has also been added.5A to 5C,
6, 8, 18A, 18B, 25A, 26, 33B, 34A, 36A to 36 D, 40A, 51A, & 60B
are the new sections. Section 5A to 5C regards the constitution,
functions, standing committee, etc., of the National Board for
Wildlife. Section 6 is regarding the constitution of the State
Board for Wildlife. Section 18A is regarding the protection to
sanctuaries & 18B is regarding the appointment of Collector. 25A
says about the time limit for completion acquisition
proceedings, 33A explains nomination, regulation, etc., of
Advisory Committee. 34A discloses the power to remove the
encroachment. Section 36A is the for completion acquisition
proceedings, 36B is about the conservation reserve management
committee, 36C points out about the declaration and management
of community reserve, and 36d defines the community reserve
management committee. 51A is regarding the condition while
granting bail. Chapter 4 heading has been changed from
“SANCTUARIES, NATIONAL PARK AND CLOSED AREAS" to "PROTECTED
AREAS". A new chapter has been inserted; Chapter VI A explains
the Forfeiture of Property Derived from Illegal Hunting and
Trade Section 29, section 38-1, section 43, section 54 has been
substituted. Section 37 has been omitted.
THE WILDLIFE (PROTECTION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2006: In
this ACT some amendments were made to Chapter IV of Wildlife
(Protection) Act 1972. In this, main amendments were made in the
tiger conservation.
THE WILD LIFE (PROTECTION) AMENDMENT BILL, 2013: Also
known as Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2013. In this
section 2,5B, 9, 18, 22, 33, 35, 38, 39 and Chapter VB of
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1927 was amended. It was mainly
regarding animal trapping. It explains was animal trapping
means, what kind of trap should be used etc. It also amends
about Grama Sabha, Panchayats etc.
The current issue of Sahyadri e-news presents the species
composition in protected areas (PA) of the WG.
PROTECTED AREAS (PAs) in WESTERN GHATS
WG mountain range spreads over 6 states of India (Kerala,
Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, & Gujarat) with only
interruption is in Palakkad District (Palaghat Gap) of Kerala
State around 30 m is one of among 36 biodiversity hotspots in
the World with a spatial extent of 1,60,000km
2. Realising the
significance of WG, The Ministry of Environment and Forest of
India constituted the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP)
to study the WG's status and demarcate the Ecological Sensitive
Zones, to make a recommendation for rejuvenation, conservation
and protection. The panel recommended that 64% of the WG to be
treated as an Ecological Sensitive Zone (ESZ). Subsequently, yet
another High-Level Working Group (HLWG) was formed by the
Ministry that recommended 37% of the area of WG is in ESZ.
WG has 68 protected areas, including 15 National Parks, 47
Wildlife Sanctuaries, & 6 Conservation Reserves. WG also
supported with 2 Biosphere Reserve, Nilgiri and Agasthyamalai
Biosphere Reserve. Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve is on the
southern side of WG Ranges. Figure 2 illustrates the
distribution of PAs in WG.
Figure 2. The Protected Areas in WG
Sahyadri ENews: I - LXXVI
