ID: 58233
Title: Study on groundwater environment health evaluation based on rough set
Author: Sheng Li, Wensheng Zhou and Jianfeng Cao
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater environment, health, Rough set, evaluation index system
Abstract: The paper puts forward the idea of groundwater environment health and constructs an evaluation index system for the groundwater environment health according to the connotation of groundwater environment health. The 17 evaluation indexes were simplified to obtain the most simple evaluation index system through the simplication function of the rough set, and then the weight of the evaluation index was calculated through the weight calculation function of the rough set, and the quantitative evaluation of groundwater environment health was carried out by means of a comprehensive index method. The evaluation results show that the attribute simplification and weight calculation of the rough set can be applied to the comprehensive evaluation of hydrogeology.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58232
Title: Impact of textile-dyeing industry effluent on some haematological parameters of freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus
Author: G K Amte and Trupti V Mhaskar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Textile-dyeing effluents, Haematological parameters, Oreochromis mossambicus
Abstract: Haematological analysis was carried out in experimental fish Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to various concentrations of textile-dyeing effluents (both untreated and treated). Effluent samples of various concentrations were taken in order to perform acute toxicity studies with the test organim, Oreochromis mossambicus for the period of 96 hours. Hematological data were evaluated for parameters such as Hb, RBCs, WBCs, PCV, MCH and MCHC of the test species. The alternations of these parameters are discussed in the paper.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58231
Title: Study on the absorption mechanism of the sediment to phosphorus in Yangtze river Yibin section
Author: Liu Ying, Li Yong, Jiang Yanxiong and Wang Dongmei
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Yangtze river, sediment, phosphorus, absorption mechanism
Abstract: Through laboratory study, the isothermal absorption characteristics and dynamcs characteristics of sediment to phosphate in Yangtze River Yibin Section were analysed. The study shows that the absorption curve of sediment is in good compliance with Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal absorption curves, which means that the sediment can absorb the phosphate spontaneously, and the absorption is doen by polymolecular layer, for which the maximum theoretical absorption amount is 13.969 mg/g, and the empirical constant n>1, which shows the sediment in Yangtze River Yibin Section has great absorption activity. Through analysis of primary and secondary dynamics model, it shows that the absorption of phosporus is divided into fast absorption and slow absorption period, and the secondary dynamics equation can simulate the process more accurately. Under different sediment and water ratio, the relative error of theoretical equilibrium concentration and experimental equilibrium concentration calculated from the equation is less than 5%>
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58230
Title: Zinc (II) removal by chemically treated dead biomass of yeast species
Author: Geetanjali Basak and Nilanjana Das
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Zinc (II), removal yeast species, dead biomass, pretreatment
Abstract: In the present study, the dead biomass of the two yeast species viz., Candida rugosa and Cryptococcus laurentil were subjected to various chemical treatments to assess the effects of pretreatment on zinc (II) removal from aqueous solution. Yeast biomass was pretreated with anionic surfactants viz., sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) and dioctyl sulphosuccinate sodium (DSS), alkali (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate), acids (hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and acetic acid), and organic solvents viz., methanol, formaldehyde and gluteraldehyde. Pretreatment of dead yeast biomass with anionic surfactants was found to improve the zinc (II) removal remarkably compared to all other treatments. Acid treatments resulted in significant reduction in zinc (II) removal efficiency. The pattern of zinc (II) removal efficiency of both the yeast species was found to follow the order: SDS (3 mM)>SDBS (3mM)> DSS (3mM)>Na2CO3 (9mM)> NaOH(9mM)> untreated biomass > C2H5O6 (7 mM)> NaHCO3 (9 mM) > CH3OH (7 mM) > HCHO(7 mM)> CH3CHOOH (5 mM)>HCl (5mM)> H2SO4 (5mM). Maximum zinc (II) removal was noted in case of SDS treated C. rugosa and C. laurentil which exhibited 84.7% and 74.5% zinc (II) removal compared to the removal efficiency of 65.4% and 54.8% obtained by untreated C. rugosa adn C. laurentii.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58229
Title: Analysis of microbial community in the anaerobic phosphorus sludge using molecular techiques
Author: Guanhua Gao, Hongwei Rong, Chaosheng Zhang, Kefang Zhang and Peilan Zhang
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Culture test, molecular techniques, anaerobic phophorus sludge, PCR-DGGE, microbial community
Abstract: Through anaerobic culture test, from the six different anaerobic phosphorus removal sludge, it was found that Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR) sludge is the most appropriate sludge source to remove phosphorus in the liquid medium, followed by Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) sludge and chicken manure. Microbial community structures in the six different sludge sources were investigated by 16 S Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method when the anaerobic systems operated steadily. The DGGE fingerprints were anlaysed by the software Quantity One to obtain the information of the microbial species in the six different sludge sources, which showed that there was a high diversity in hte bacterial communities, and the richness value of ASBR sludge was 0.59 whose number occupied more than half of the total bands, while The richness value reached highest (0.61) when it was chicken manure. The community similarity between ASBR sludge and EGSB sludge is the highest 71.7. In the bands strength schematic diagram, the No. 1, No 8 and No. 18 band that existed in ASBR sludge, EGSB sludge and chicken manure might represent the colony related to the anaerobic phosphorus microbe.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58228
Title: Evaluating the physico-chemical characteristics of Municipal Solid Waster in Coimbatore city, Tamilnadu
Author: P Shanthi, P Meena Sudari and T Meenambal
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Municipal solid waste, waste characterization, Oganic matter
Abstract: Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is one of the major environmental problems of Indian cities. Improper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) causes hazards to inhabitants. Various studies reveal that about 90% of MSW is disposed of unscientifically in open dumps and landfills, create problems to public health and the environment. This paper presents an assessment of the existing situation of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Coimbatore city. The quantity and composition of MSW vary from place to place, and bear a rather consistent correlation with the average standard of living. Field investigations were carried out for quantification, analysis of physico chemical composition, and characterization in disposal site. Studies carried ouit in these places have revealed that there are many shortcomings in the existing practices used in managing the MSW. These shortcomings pertain mainly to inadequate manpower, financial resources, implements and machinery required for effectively carrying out various activities for MSWM. Various adopted treatment technologies for MSW are critically reviewed, along with their advantages and limitations. The study is concluded with a few fruitful suggestion, which may be beneficial to encourage the competent authorities/researchers to work towards further improvement of the present system.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58227
Title: Effects of perennial vegetation on runoff and erosion for field plots on Loess plateau in China
Author: Zhang Tiegang, Peng Li, Zhanbin Li and Xiaoding Guo
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Vegetation coverage, runoff, erosion, shrubs and grasses, Loess plateau
Abstract: Vegetation is one of effective methods for soil and water conservation. How to select suitable vegetation species is a key problem in the practice. In this study, through 7 years observations on the rainfall, vegetation cover, total runoff and sediment in the plots, results indicated that the benefit of the vegetative cover on runoff and sediment dominated on all plots. The accumulative sediment yield from bare plot was 7 times to that from Astragalus absurgens + Caragana korshindkii plots, also over 4 times to that from the Medicago sativa, Medicago sativa + Caragana korshindkii and Astragens plots. Among all the vegetation types, Caragana korshindkii was the most efficient in reducing the runoff, and the combination of shrub and grass also had better effect in reducing the runoff. The accumulative runoff from bare plot was 2.57 times to that from the C. korshindkii, and over 2 times to that from M. sativa, M. sativa + C. korshindkii. A absurgens + C. korshindkii and Vicia amucena + C korshindkii. This study is of great importance for the selection of suitable species for vegetation reconstruction in arid and semi-arid areas.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58226
Title: Soil organic carbon sequestration under pastures in Arid region
Author: Ahmed Hasson and Muhsin Jweeg
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Soil organic carbon, pastures, arid region, carbon sequestration
Abstract: Two sites in Iraq were chosen to study the affect of annual pasture and perennial grasses (C4). The perennial grass pastures had SOC stocks, 1.6 (Baghdad) and 1.4 (Babylon) times that of the annual pastures. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) pools were 1.90, 2.97 and 2.88% for annuals, perennials and tagasaste at Baghdad site. At Babylon the SOC pools were 2.7, 4.70 and 3.71% under annuals, perennials and tagasaste respectively. Estimated total C sequestration contribution to the resident soil organic C pool was 2.8 times greater for perennials and 2.7 times for tagasaste than annual pasture at the Baghdad deep sandy duplex site and 1.2 times greater for perennial pasture and 1.2 times greater for tagasaste than annual pasture at the Babylon deep-sand site. Both the sites were sampled to depth of 1.6m. Perennial grasses in this region generally produced more above ground biomass than annual pastures. However, the differences in biomass input are unlikely to be large enough to explain the high rate of sequestration of these perennials. We hypothesis that the perennial grasses promote fungi such as mycorrhiza that convert a greater proportion of labile carbon to stable humic forms than under annual pastures.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58225
Title: The reclamation soil suitability study of the highway dumping site based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method
Author: Huang Yuhan, Chen Xiaoyan, Ding Linqiao, Zhang Songsong, Weng Min and Huang Yanxiong
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Highway dumping site, reclamation soil suitability, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Abstract: Because the highway temporarily covers large areas, this article proposes fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the suitability of the reclamation soil in the highway dumping site. According to the impact factors of the land reclamation and the field survey, combining with the principle of fuzzy mathematics, we chose eleven influence factors, including weather conditions,soil physical properties, and soil chemical properties as evaluation factors. In this paper, we regarded nien dumping sites in Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway double-track (Chongqing section) project as samples to make the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results indicate that the reclamation soil suitability in Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway double-track (Chongqing section) dumping sites is relatively good. It provides a useful reference value for the reclamation soil suitability evaluation of the national highway dumping sites.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58224
Title: Chemical evolution of groundwater in the Coral islands of Lakshadweep Archipelago, India with special reference to Kavaratti island
Author: Najeeb K Md and N Vinayachandran
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Kavaratti island, Coral island, aquifer system, aspect ratio, hydrochemical facies, diagenesis
Abstract: This paper discusses the unique hydrochemical environment of Lakshadweep Archipelago, a cluster of coral islands, where groundwater exists in the form of a thin freshwater lens over the saltwater, having restricted lateral movements. The influence exerted by the shape of these tiny islands on the stability of the water in the lenses and the tendency of this water to mix with seawater are elucidated. The factors which influence the chemical evolution of groundwater in these islands, such as the geochemistry of the coral aquifer, mixing of sea water, dissolution of CaCO3, marine aerosois and cation-exchange processes are discussed. Mixing of seawater was found to be the predominant process controlling the configuration of freshwater lenses in these islands, as reflected in the ion-ratio studies and the major ionic species observed. The hydrochemical facies, identified with the freshwater lens, represents various phases of mixing. Metabolism of the biological organims and diagenesis of the lime shells in the corals are responsible for the relatively, higher concentration of trace metals, such as strontium and iodide in this aquifer system.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58223
Title: Numberical studies on smoke natural filling in an underground passage with validation by reduced-scale experiments
Author: Yeqiu Wu, Angui Li, Jiangyan Ma, Ran Gao, Jiang Hu, Bin Xiao and Peng Zhang
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Smoke, underground passage, reduced-scale experiments, FDS, spill plume
Abstract: The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is becoming more common and reliable as a tool for kinds of buildings fire safety design, but it is not easy to be validated. In this paper, Fire Dynamics Simulator v5.0 is used to investigate the spill plume and the resultant natural filling in the underground transport passage of main transformer of a hydropower station due to the adjacent main transformer hall fire. Ceiling jet temperature decay along the transport passage and smoke layer interface height are simulated. Series of scale model experiments are carried out using pool fires placed at the centre of the main transformer hall. The data obtained from these experiments are later used in a validation study of the FDS simulated results. The FDS simulated results are also compared with the expressions proposed in the literature. The results show good agreement between experimental and numberical predictions. And through suitable adjustment of the constants of the exponential equation, good agreements are also found between the predicted data and calculated results.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58222
Title: Dead fungal biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus for decontamination of hexavalent chromium: Biosorption kinetic, equilibrium modelling recovery
Author: Kshama A Shroff and Varsha K Vaidya
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biosorption, hexavalent chromium, Rhizopus arrhizus, dead gungal biomass, isotherm models
Abstract: The kinetics and equilibrium of biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution was carried out using dead physico-chemically treated biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus in a batch system. The biosorption characteristics of Cr(VI) ions were studied with respect to well-established parameters including pH, temperature, rotational speed, biosorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration and contact time. The uptake of Cr(VI) decreased with an increase in pH and biomass concentration whereas it increased with an increase in the Cr (VI) concentration, temperature and rotational speed. Biosorption equilibrium was established in about 180 min. The adsorption data were analysed using the first and the second -order kinetic models as well as intra-particular rate expressions. The first-order equation was the most appropriate equation to predict the biosorption capacities of the fungal biosorbent. The sorption data obtained at pH 2.0 conformed well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The reusability of the biosorbent was tested in five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles and the regeneration efficiency was above 95%. From the practical viewpoint, the abundant and inexpensive dead fungal biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus could be used as an effective, low cost and environmental friendly biosorbent for the detoxification of Cr(VI).
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58221
Title: Growth characteristics of seven hydrocarbon-degrading active bacteria isolated from oil contamination soil
Author: Jinlan Xu, Yitao Zhang, Tinglin Hung and Hai xin Deng
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Hydrocarbon-degrading active bacteria, growth characteristics, oil-contaminated soils, bioremediation
Abstract: The growth characteristics of seven strains isolated from oil contaminated soil, as well as their respective degradation efficiency for various hydrocarbons were investigated. Factors that can impact biological oil degradation efficiency were revealed in the series of experiments. The results indicate that isolated strains could rapidly degrade crude oil, showing high activity in the first 13 h of bioremediation. These strains could grow in paraffin wax, which indicates that these strains could degrade long chain hydrocarbons. Some of them (SY22, SY23, SY24, SY42, SY43) were able to use short chain hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons as substrate, so these five strains are the preferred ones for the bioremediation of oil contaminated soil. Suitable pH for the growth of these five strains was in the range from 7 to 9. NH4NO3 and oil concentrations should range from 1000 mg/L to 1500 mg/L in order to achieve optimum conditions for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. Adding organic matter such as starch and glucose accelerated oil and PAH degradation capability of the SY22, SY42 and SY23 strains. The presence of metal ions, such as Ni2+ and Co2+ in soil decreased the crude oil degradation efficiency of these stains, while metal ions, such as Fe2+ and Mn2+ did not affect the oil degradation activities.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58220
Title: Bacteriophage based pathogen reduction in sewage sludge
Author: P Dhevagi and S Anusuya
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: pathogen reduction, bacteriophage, sewage sludge
Abstract: Biological hazard in water resources in the form of pathogenic organisms are responsible for major outbreak in most of the developing countries. The goal which gains momentum is removal of pathogens. Every effort leading to reduction in sewage pollution and pathogenic microbes has to be promoted and implemented. This necessitates to search for novel approaches that does not harm the enviornment. One such novel approach is exploring the possibilities of bacteriophages for pathogen removal. Sewage sludge samples were collected from different locations of Tamil Nadu and anlaysed. The pH of the sludge samples varied from 6.26 to 8.23 and alkaline pH was observed in Coovum sample. Highest EC was recorded by Vellore sample (4.62 d Sm-1). The total heterotroph population ranged from 11 x 106 to 24 x 1014/kg of dewatered sludge. Higher frequency of antibiotic resistant E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp and Bacillus spp. were observed in all the places, which clearly indicated the extent of pollution. E.coli and Salmonella typhi showed resistance to almost all the antibiotics and intermediate resistance to 3 anitbiotics. None of the sewage sludge samples had phages against MTCC culture. Phage treatment resulted in 100% removal of S. typhi from sewage sludge.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58219
Title: Diurnal evolution of solar radiation in UV, PAR and NIR bands in high air masses
Author: Jackson H W Chang, Jedol Dayou adn Justin Sentian
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Diurnal evolution, solar radiation, high air masses, water vapour, aerosol
Abstract: Solar surface insolation appears constant from an everyday ' s point of view but this quantity has been found to be chaning in small scale that may lead to climate change over an extended period of time. However, the factors impacting this variance are always a subject of much debate. In long term observations for low air masses, the variation is governed by cloud cover, aerosol loading, relative humidity as well as water vapor content. Parallel observations in high air masses for the variation of received solar radiation are rather lacking. To fill up the existing gap, this paper aims to investigate the diurnal evolution of solar radiation spectrum in UV, PAR and NIR bands in high air masses. In the crurent work, a total of 25 days of global and diffuse solar spectrum ranges from air mass 2 to 6 were collected using shadowband technique. It is found that the evolution pattern for all spectral components follows a high coefficient of determination with respect to global radiation. The result analysis also shows that variation of solar radiation is the least in UV fraction, followed by PAR and the most in NIR fraction. It is deduced that the broader amplitude of fraction in PAR and NIR because they incorporate variation of aerosol and water vapor. Decreasing trend in NIR fraction for constant UV fractionis likely associated to the increase of water vapor content. While reducing of PAR fraction for specific air mass intervals is due to the increase in aerosol loading.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None