ID: 58248
Title: Qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of Acmella ciliata (H B K) Cassini and Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R. Br. against two pathogenic bacteria
Author: M J Daisy, A R Raju and M P Subin
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Acemella ciliata, Ichnocarpus frutescens, plant extracts, antibacterial activity
Abstract: In the present work, qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of the different component extracts of Acmella ciliata and Ichnocarpus furtescens against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were studied. Extracts were prepared in methanol and water. Antibacterial activity was compared with control and standard antibiotic ampicillin. Both the plant species exhibited antibacterial activity against the test pathogenic bacteria. However, methanolic leaf extracts of Acmella ciliata was found to have maximum number of bioactive components and highest zone of inhibition against both the test bacteria and therefore as per the present study, methanolic leaf extract of A. ciliata is indeed the potential antibacterial agent against B. subtilis and E. coli.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58247
Title: Effect of distillery spent wash on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in Red soil
Author: P Latha, P Thangavel, G Rajannan and K Arulmozhiselvan
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Distillery spent wash, Mineralization, nutrients, Red soil
Abstract: Distillery spent wash contains nutrients and organic matter used in agriculture as a source of plant nutrients and irrigation water. Carbon and nitrogen play an important role in increasing the agricultural production. A laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to study the different concentrations of distillery spent wash on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The treatments consisted of T1-soil alone, T2-Spent wash @ 20 Kilo L ha-1, T3 - Spent wash @ 40 Kilo L ha-1, T4 - Spent wash @ 60 Kilo L ha-1, T5 - Spent wash @ 80 Kilo L ha-1and T6 - Spent wash @ 100 Kilo L ha-1. Among the different levels, the amounts of NH4-N, NO3-N and carbon were greater in soil that received 100 kilo L of spent wash compared to soil alone. Results shown that application of spent wash not only adds mineral N and carbon to soil, but also promotes the mineralization of soil organic C and N, thus resulting in large amounts of carbon, NH4-N and NO3-N in soil.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58246
Title: Influence on the overall performance of the Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. CSR-19 Cocoon reared with V1 Mulberry leaves irrigated by different proportions of spent wash
Author: S Chandraju, Girija nagendraswamy and C S Chidan Kumar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Silkworm, Bombyx mori, Mulberry plant, Spent wash irrigation, cocoon parameters
Abstract: CSR-19 silkworm reared with V1 variety of mulberry plants irrigated by raw water, 50% pretreated spent wash (PTSW) and 33% PTSW. The different parameters such as raw silk (%), filament length (m), reelability (%), denier and shell ratio were determined at the maturity of cocoons. It was found that the parameters were better in cocoon irrigated with 33% PTSW compared to 50% PTSW and raw water irrigation. This concludes that the mulberry plants irrigated with 33% PTSW are enriched with more nutrients for the potential growth of mulberry plants which results in the potential cocoons.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58245
Title: Physico-chemical analysis of hazardous effluents from different paper industries
Author: Asif Hanif Chaudhry, Rehan ul Haq Siddiqui, Tanveer Akhtar Malik, Kazi Muhammad Ashfaq, Muhammad Shafiq, Rashid Mahmood and Ghazala Yaqub
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Paper industries, physico-chemical analysis, hazardous effluents, colour
Abstract: Annual paper production is measure of the developement of a country. Paper is made from cellulose based raw material, after their chemical and mechanical treatments. There treatment discharge waste water into the environment which is carried along the water channels like drains. The water form thes drains is used by formers for irrigation purposes. If this drained water contains harmful effluetns it can badly affect crops. To over come or minimize this damage present study was carried out. Various parameters were checked using standard procedure recommended by American Public Health Association and the results were compared with National Environmental Quality standards (NEQs) of Pakistan. The value of average temperature, pH, TDS and chloride was in harmony with NEQs, whereas the values of the other parameters like TSS, BOD5, COD, Copper and iron were above the NEQs limits for effluents. The violation of the parameters from NEQs suggest that it is time to take steps to check the discharge of unreacted or incomplete treatment effluents into these drains and distribution, so to ensure healthy environment for future generations.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58244
Title: Biodiversity on seed-borne fungi of Pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides)
Author: D N Khairnar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biodiversity, Seed-borne fungi, pearl millet, pathogenicity
Abstract: Twenty three fungal species were found associated with seeds of eight cultivars of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides). Maximum fungi were reported from seeds of var. BJ-104 and ICMS - 7703. Aspergillus flavus. Fusarium moniliforme and Penicillium oxalicum were found pathogenic causing seed rot, seed discolouratin and germination inhibition. Captan and Dithane M-45 proved best for bajra seed dressing.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58243
Title: Socio-economic aspects of mangroves: potential of biogas production
Author: Sanjay S Sathe and Leela J Bhosale
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Mangroves, substrate for biogas, biogas potential
Abstract: In the present study, biogas generation from mangroves is carried out to test the potential of mangroves as a substrate for biogas digester. Initially active slurry of cowdung was added in the biogas digester to produce proper concentration of methanogenic bacteria. Then continuously the mangrove powder was added daily to bring out concentration of 8% for a hydraulic retention time of 25 days. The produced gas was tested by simple burning test. The biogas contents were variable in different species of mangroves. Sonneratia alba has got highest values followed by A. marina var. acutissima and Avicennia officinalis. The waste from biogas digester is also useful to obtain good manure as it has adequate N, P, K values.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58242
Title: Studies on the impact of irrigatin of distillery spent wash on the yield of cotton (Gossipium hirsutum) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil seed plants
Author: S Chandraju, Siddappa and C S Chidan Kumar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Distillery spent wash, irrigation, oil seed plants yield
Abstract: Cultivation of cotton and groundnut seeds was made by irrigation with distillery spent wash of different concentrations. The spent wash i.e., primary treated spent wash [PTSW] 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 spent wash were analyzed for their plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other physico-chemical characteristics. Experimental soil was tested for its chemical and physical parameters. Cotton and groundnut seeds were sown in the prepared land and irrigated with raw water (RW), 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 spent wash. The influence of spent wash irrigation on the yield of oil seed plants at maturity was investigated. It was found that the yield of oil seed plants was high in 1:3 spent wash irrigation than raw water and other dilutions.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58241
Title: Isolation of halotolerant, thermotolerant and phosphate solubilizing species of Azotobacter from the saline soil
Author: Vishwas S Patil, Sharmishtha V Patil, H V Deshmukh, and G R Pathade
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Azotobacter spp. saline soil, salt tolerant, thermotolerant, phosphate solubilising
Abstract: Soil salinity is a major problem in Maharashtra. Attempt is made to isolate salt-tolerant, thermotolerant, nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilising Azotobacter spp. from the saline soil of Khodashi village in Satara district. Eight Azotobacter spp. were isolated from the saline soils. They were confirmed based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. They were tested for saline and thermal tolerance. The phosphate solubilizing potential of these Azotobacter isolates was qualitatively evaluated by the formation of halos (clear zones) around the colonies growing on solid medium containing tribasic calcium phosphate as a sole phosphorus source. The results showed that phosphate solubilising, salt tolerant and thermotolerant Azotobacter spp. could be a promising souirce for the development of saline-alkaline soil-based agriculture.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58240
Title: Studies on the impact of Arpa river check dams on the microenvironment of district Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
Author: S J A Bhat and S M Geelani
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Arpa river, Check dams, Bilaspur
Abstract: Bilaspur city is second largest city of the Chhattisgarh state and the River Arpa is the lifeline of this district. Arpa River has its origin from the lust dense forest area of Khondari-Khongsara. In 147 kms of the river length, it contributes more than 90 kms to the forest area, including Bilaspur city and irrigated lands of this district before meeting to Seonath river. The river is having catchment area of about 2022 sq km. During rainy season its water level raises 2-3 meters up and in summer it moves 5 meters down. The river bed is mostly sandy with thickness of about 1.5 meter and few rock exposures at some places. More than ten check dams (Khondari, Belgahana, Lachhanpur, Rapta, Torwa, Darrighat, Sherwani, Kaneri, Mangla, etc). have been constructed on this river Earlier these check dams were constructed to overcome the problem of irrigation and for human welfare. But due to reduction in water level of origin site since last five years its water content is decreasing day by day and these check dams have become danger for the livelihood in the area. The maximum part of rain water gets stored in these check dams and is used by the people as a result little water reaches to Bilaspur city. Deforestation around the banks of Arpa river near the Bilaspur city has increased the pollution, thereby making the environment unstable. Study reveals that the sincere efforts need to be taken to manage the various check dams on the river for successful harvesting and recycling of rain water during monsoon season so that microenvironment of the city can not be adversely affected.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58239
Title: A comparative economic analysis of organic and inorganic manure consumption in agricultural production with special reference to Pondicherry Union Territory
Author: S Venkatasan and D Murugan
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Agricultural production, organic and inorganic manure, organic farming, Economic analysis
Abstract: Green revolution has resulted in over application of inorganic inputs such as fertilizer and plant protection chemicals. The post green revolution period has threatened the sustainability of Indian agriculture and raised a serious concern about receding groundwater level, loss of soil fertility, low diversity of production system and incrasing cost of production. In view of these concerns, the modern-day agriculture gave birth to organic farming. The present study makes a comparative economic analysis of organic farming and inorganic farming under different sizes of land holdings in Pondicherry Union Territory. Since the organic manure consumption in agriculture results in increase in agriculture production, all the farms in the study region may use organic manure which may lead to reduction in the cost of production, and the same may be disseminated to the farmers through NGOs and other extension activities.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58238
Title: Monitoring of water quality and pollution status of Godavari river in and around Nashik region, Maharashtra
Author: Resham Bhalla and B B Waykar
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Godavari river, water quality, pollution status, heavy metals
Abstract: Riverse are currently degraded by both natural and anthropogenic activities, which deteriorate the water quality, affecting the ecological balance, pushing them to brink of extinction in the process of unplanned development, giving rise to planning for suitable conservation strategies. On this background to know the present status of sources and degree of pollution of Godavari river, the analysis was carried out in terms of physico-chemical and biological parameters like temperature, turbidity, pH, free carbon dioxide, sulphates, phosphates, chlorides, nitrates, nitrites, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phytoplanktons, zooplanktons and metals like sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, iron and lead at five locations S1 to S5 during the year November 2008-October 2009. Based on the analysis, quality and quantity of pollution, Nashik Municipal Corporation is suggested to device strategies to arrest further pollution of Godavari river and use of river water for drinking purpose after conventional treatment and disinfection.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58237
Title: Assessment of the Forest damage by typhoon Saomai using remote sensing and GIS
Author: Xiaoming Wang and Benzhi Zhou
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Forest disturbance, Typhoon Saomai, remote sensing, NDVI
Abstract: Saomai (August 10,2006) was one of the most significant typhoons to hit the coast in southeast China. Quantitative assessment of forest disturbances is important for improving management strategies. This study used remote sensing techniques to investigate vegetation changes after Saomai in Changnan country. Two landsat ETM+ satellite images were acquired before and after landfall. The results showed that averaged NDVI valukes decreased by 17.8% after Saomai. Elevation and relative aspect present strong influence on teh typhoon damage. These results provide insight into the sensitivity of coastal vegetation from teh interactions of both tropical cyclones and long - term enviornmental conditions.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58236
Title: Seasonal variation of physico-chemical characteristics of water in Vignasanthe wetland of Tiptur taluk, Tumkur district, Karnataka
Author: K C Jagadeeshappa and Vijayakumara
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Vignasanthe wetland, physico-chemical characters, seasonal variations
Abstract: The influence of seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics exert a profound effect on the distribution and population density of both animal and plant species. In the present paper we carried out the study to evaluate physico-chemical characteristics of water of Vignasanthe wetland located at Tiptur taluk of Mg, Alk, NO3, PO4, Fe2+, Si, DO, BOD, CO2, SO4, COD and DOM. A significant variation in these parameters was observed throughout the study period and monthly comparisons were made as monsoon, premonsoon and postmonsoon. The results of present investigations were compred with earlier available literature and revealed that there is a fluctuation in the physico-chemical characters of the water. This is due to inflow and change in hte temperature as season changes.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58235
Title: Analysis of runoff changes of Niqu river in water diversion area of western route project of south-north water transfer project
Author: Men Baohui, Lin Chunkun, Li Zhifei and Sun Boyang
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Niqu river, run-off, Western route project, river discharge variation
Abstract: The runoff data of Zhuba station at Zhuba Station at Niqau river in water diversion area of Western Route Project (WRP) of South -North Water Transfers Project (SNWTP) from 1961 to 2010 were applied to estimate the coefficients of variation of hydrology, the peak pattern degree, and ample flow VS low flow, climate tendency rate and so on. The results were used to analyse the effects of hydrological regime on river discharge in the water supply area of the first stage project in WRP. The results demonstrated that: The annual river discharge is increasing in Niqu River which is the water supply area in the first stage project of WRP. The cumulative increased river discharge is 0.52 x 108m3 within 50 years which is 2.6% larger than the average value. The runoff inceased each year in non-flood season and decreased each year in flood season.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58234
Title: UV photo-fenton treatment of combined chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlorothalonil pesticides aqueous solution
Author: Augustine Chioma Affam and Malay Chaudhuri
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 12, No (1), March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pesticides, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, chlorothalonil, UV photo-fenton process
Abstract: The study examined the effect of the operating conditions of the UV photo-Fenton process on COD and TOC removal, biodegradability improvement and mineralization of combined chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlorothalonil pesticides in aqueous solution. The optimum operating conditions for treatment of an aqueous solution containing 100 mg/L of chlorpyrifos, 50 mg/L of cypermethrin and 250 mg/L of chlorothalonil were observed to be H2O2/COD molar ratio 2, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio 25 and pH 3. Under the optimum operating condition, complete degradation of the pesticides occurred in 1 min. Biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio) increased from zero to 0.38 and COD and TOC removal were 78.56 and 63.76%, respectively in 60 min. The treatment resulted in release and mineralization of organic carbon and nitrogen from the pesticide molecules as evident from TOC degradation (removal ), and decrease in NH3-N from 22 to 3.9 mg/L and increase in NO3-N from 0.7 to 19.3 mg/L in 60 min. The study shows that UV photo-Fenton process is effective in pretreatmetn of combined chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and chlorothalonil pesticides aqueous solution for biological treatment.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None