ID: 60030
Title: : Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation index after typhoons in the mountainous watershed.
Author: Hone-Jay Chu
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 20-27 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Land cover change, NDVI, Empirical orthogonal functions, Variograms, Typhoon, Remotely sensed images.
Abstract: An extensive land cover change was triggered by a series of typhoons, especially Typhoon Morakot in 2009 in Taiwan. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) series from multiple satellite images were applied to monitor the change processes of land cover. This study applied spatiotemporal analysis tools, including empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), and multiple variograms in analyzing space-time NDVI data, and detected the effects of large chronological disturbances in the characteristics of land cover changes. Spatiotemporal analysis delineated the temporal patterns and spatial variability of NDVI caused by these large typhoons. Results showed that mean of NDVI decreased but spatial variability of NDVI increased after typhoons in the study area. The EOF can clarify the major component of NDVI variations and identify the core area of the NDVI changes. Various approaches showed consistent results that Typhoon Morakot significantly lowered the NDVI in land cover change process. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal analysis is an effective monitoring tool, which advocates the use of the index for the quantification of land cover change and resilience.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Boulila, W., Frah, I.R., Saheb Ettabaa, K., Solaiman, B., Ben Ghezala, H., 2010. A data mining based approach to predict spatiotemporal changes in satellite images. International Journal of Applied Earth Observational and Geoinformation 13 (3), 386-395.
Chang, K.T., S.H., Hsu, M.L., 2007. Modeling typhoon-and earthquake induced landslides in a mountains watershed using logistic regression. Geomorphology 89, 335-347.
Literature cited 2: Chu, H.J.Lin, Y.P., Huang, Y.L., Wang, Y.C, 2009. Detecting the land-cover changes induced by large-physical disturbances using landscape metrics, spatial sampling. Simulation and spatial analysis. Sensors 9, 6670-6700.
Chu, H.J., Lin, Y.P., Jang, C.S., Chang, T.K., 2010. Delineating the hazard zone of multiple soil pollutants by multivariate indicator kriging and conditioned Latin hypercube sampling. Geoderma 158, 242-251.
ID: 60029
Title: Integration of optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to differentiate grassland and alfalfa in Prairie area.
Author: Gang Hong, Aining Zhang, Fuqun Zhou, Brian Brisco.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 12-19 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: SAR, Optical image, Image fusion, Image classification.
Abstract: Alfalfa presents a huge potential biofuel source in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. However, it remains a challenge to find an ideal single satellite sensor to monitor the regional spatial distribution of alfalfa on an annual basis. The primary interest of this study is to identify alfalfa spatial distribution through effectively differentiating alfalfa from grasslands, given their spectral similarity and same growth calendars. MODIS and RADRSAT-2 ScanSAR narrow mode were selected for regional -level grassland and alfalfa differentiation in the Prairie Provinces , due to the high frequency revisit of MODIS, the weather independence of ScanSAR as well as the large area coverage and the complementary characteristics SAR and optical images. Combining MODIS and ScanSAR in differentiating alfalfa and grassland is very challenging, since there is a large spatial resolution difference between MODIS (250 m) and scanSAR narrow (50 m). This study investigated an innovative image fusion technique for combining MODIS and ScanSAR and obtaining a synthetic image which has the high spatial details derived from ScanSAR and the Colour information from MODIS. The field trip was arranged to collect ground truth label to validate the classification results. The fusion classification result shows significant accuracy improvement when compared with either ScanSAR or MODIS alone or with other commonly -used data combination methods, such as multiple files composites. This study has shown that the image fusion technique used in this study can combine the structural information from high resolution ScanSAR and colour information from MODIS to significantly improve the classification accuracy between alfalfa and grassland.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Amarsaikhan, D., Douglas, T., 2004. Data fusion and multisource image classification. International Journal of Remote Sensing.25, 3529-3539.
Ban, Y., 2003. Synergy of multitemporal ERS-1 SAR and landsat TM data for classification of agricultural crops. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 29, 518-526.
Literature cited 2: Bachmann, M., Habermeyer, M., 2003. Evaluation of image fusion techniques for large-scale mapping of non-green vegetation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy, Herrsching, May 13-16, 2003.
Blaes, X., Vanhalle, L., Defourny, P., 2005. Efficiency of crop identification based on optical and SAR image time series. Remote Sensing of Environment 96, 352-365.
ID: 60028
Title: How second generation SAR systems are impacting the analysis of ground deformation.
Author: E.Sansosti, P.Berardino, M.Bonano, F. Calo, R. Castaldo, F. M. Manunta, M. Manzo, A. Pepe, S. Pepe, G. Solaro, P. Tizzani, G. Zeni, R. Lanari.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 1-11 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: SAR, Radar, Monitoring, Interferometry, Satellite, COSMO-SkyMed.
Abstract: In recent years, a second generation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite sensor has been designed and, partially, put into operation, leading to an important breakthrough in Earth Science studies. The common characteristics of such new systems are, indeed, a reduced revisit time (as short as a few days) and, in most cases, an improved spatial resolution (as small as a few meters), providing scientists with unprecented data for the mapping and monitoring of natural and human-induced hazards.
This paper provides an overview on the new observational capability offered by the second generation of SAR sensors, especially in the field of ground deformation analysis for mitigating the risk associated with natural and human -induced hazards. In particular, we exploit the high resolution X-band data acquired by the COSMO -SkyMed (CSK) constellation to show how deformation phenomena characterized by limited spatial extent and extremely fast dynamics can be detected and investigated in details.
Whenever possible, we compare the achieved results with those obtained by using data collected by the first generation ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT systems. A comparison with one ALOS satellite dataset is also included. Most of the results, based on the application of Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) techniques, highlight how this technology is not anymore just a sophisticated tool for remotely studying surface deformation phenomena, but it is becoming an operational system for near -real time deformation monitoring.
Moreover, we also show how the improved spatial resolution extends the possibility to exploit SAR image amplitude, instead of phase, for direct comparison with optical data and for imaging large deformation episodes, typically associated with strong seismic events, for which DinSAR may fail.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Arciniegas, G., Bijker, W., Kerle, N., Tolpekin, V.A., 2007. Coherence -and amplitude -based analysis of seismogenic damage in Bam, Iran, using Envisat ASAR data.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens. 45, 1571-1581.
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., Sansosti, E., 2002. A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 40, 2375-2383.
Literature cited 2: Bonano, M., Manunta, M., Marsella, M., Lanari, R., 2012. Long term ERS/ENVISAT deformation time-series generation at full spatial resolution via the extended SBAS technique. Int. J. Remote Sens. 33, 4756-4783, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.638340.
Bonano, M., Manunta, M., Pepe, A., Paglia, L., Lanari, R., 2013. From previous C-band to new X-band SAR systems: assessment of the DInSAR mapping improvement for deformation time-series retrieval in urban areas. IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sens. 51, 1973-1984, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2232933.
ID: 60027
Title: Using multi-date high spectral resolution data to assess the physiological status of macroscopically undamaged foliage on a regional scale.
Author: Veronika Kopackova, Jan Misurec, Zuzana Lhotakova, Filip Oulehle, Jana Albrechtova.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 27 (B) 169-186 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Foliar biochemistry, Forest monitoring, Image spectroscopy, Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, Tree stress.
Abstract: Forests play an important role in regulation of the global climate; moreover, they provide human beings with a whole range of ecosystem services. Forest health and ecosystem functioning have been influenced by anthropogenic activities and their consequences, such as air pollution , surface mining, heavy metal contamination, and other biotic and abiotic stress factors, which had an especially serious effect on central Europe. Many aspects of the physiological state of trees are more or less related to the concentrations of two main groups of leaf photosynthetic pigments: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Therefore, their contents can be used as non-specific indicators of the actual tree physiological status, stress and the pre-visible tree damage. Variations in leaf biochemical composition affect foliar optical properties and can be assessed remotely using high spectral resolution data (hyperspectral data). These data were successfully used in earlier studies to detect vegetation stress and damage. However, only a few approaches have dealt with the use of hyperspectral remote sensing to assess vegetation physiological status on a regional scale. Moreover, little or no research has been done on assessing vegetation health while utilizing multi-date hyperspectral images.
In this study, the method for assessing forest health conditions using optical indices retrieved from hyperspectral data was applied to the two temporal HyMap date sets acquired in 07/2009 and 08/2010 to detect stress for the Norway spruce forests in Sokolov, NW Bohemia, a region affected by long -term extensive mining. The classification results were validated by ground truth data (total chlorophyll- Cab, carotenoids-Car and carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio-Car/Cab) and were associated with the geochemical conditions of the forest stands. Both biochemical analysis of the sampled foliage and classification of 2009 and 2010 hyperspectral image identified the same sites affected by vegetation stress. In addition to higher Car/Cab, which enabled detection of the stressed trees using hyperspectral image data, these sites showed critically low pH and lower values for the macronutrient parameters in both organic horizons and , in addition, both sites exhibit critically low base cation to aluminium ratios (BC/Al) for lower organic and top mineral (0-20 cm) soil horizons.
The results of this study demonstrate (i) the potential application of hyperspectral remote sensing as a rapid method of identifying tree stress prior to symptom expression, and (ii) the added value of multitemporal approaches for hyperspectral data and its further potential for monitoring forest ecosystems.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Weiskittel, A.R., Maguire, D.A., Garber, S.M., Kanaskie, A., 2006. Influence of Swiss needle cast on foliage age -class structure and vertical foliage distribution in Douglas-fir plantations in north coastal Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, 1497-1508.
Adler-Golden, S.M., Matthew, M.W., Bernstein, L.S., Levine, R.Y., Berk, A., Richtsmeirer, S.C. Acharya, P.K. Anderson, G.P., Felde, G., Gardner, J., Hoke, M., Jeong, L.S., Pukall, B., Ratkowski, A., Burke, H.H., 1999. Atmospheric correction for shortwave spectral imagery based on MODTRAN4. Imaging Spectrometry V 3753, 61-69.
Literature cited 2: Ahern, F.J., 1988. The effects of Bark Beetle stress on the foliar spectral reflectance of lodgepole pine. International Journal of Remote Sensing 9 (9), 1451-1468.
Albrechtova, J., Seidl, Z., Aitkenhead-peterson, J., Lhotakova, Z., Rock, B.N. Alexander, J.E., Malenovsky, Z., McDowell, W.H., 2008. Spectral analysis of coniferous foliage and possible links to soil chemistry: are spectral chlorophyll indices related to forest floor dissolved organic C and N? Science of the Total Environment 404 (2-3), 424-432.
ID: 60026
Title: The impact of historical exclusion on the calibration of the SLEUTH urban growth model.
Author: Anil Akin, Keith C. Clarke, Suha Berberoglu.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 27 (B) 156-168 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: SLEUTH model, Cellular automata calibration, Adana urban growth.
Abstract: This paper aims to emphasize the importance of the calibration process in urban growth modeling studies. The application of cellular automata (CA) in urban modeling can give insights into a wide variety of urban phenomena. The SLEUTH model, being as a well-tested CA, was utilized. Calibration data for the model were acquired from different sources of remotely sensed data recorded in 1967, 1977, 1987, 1998and 2007. In this context three different excluded maps representing different scenarios were utilized during the calibration process in order to analyze the effects of different policies on urban growth. Each calibration scenario yielded its own parameter values. Thirteen calibration metrics for each scenario were derived. Integrating different exclusion layers to the beginning of the calibration process has reduced the number of possible growth patterns. The overall growth characteristics of Adana were similar for all calibration results and defined as organic growth except for the fact that the spatial allocation and the amount of potential urban pixels were different.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Balzter, H., Braun, P.W., Kohler, W., 1998. Cellular automata models for vegetation dynamics Ecological Modelling 107, 113-125.
Batty, M., Xie, Y., 1994. From cells to cities. Environment and planning B: Planning and Design 21, 531-548.
Literature cited 2: Benenson, I., Torrens, P.M., 2004. Geosimulation: Automata-based Modelling of Urban Phenomena.John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
Berberoglu, S., Akin, A., Clarke, K.C., 2014. Cellular Automata Modeling Approaches to Forecast Urban Growth for Adana, Turkey: A Comparison of Modeling Approaches (forthcoming).
ID: 60025
Title: Seasonal monitoring of soil erosion at regional scale: An application of the G2 model in Crete focusing on agricultural land uses.
Author: Panagos Panagos, Karydas Christos, Balabio Cristiano, Gitas Ioannis.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 27 (B) 147-155 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: USLE, Gavrilovic, GMES, Copernicus, Vegetation retention, Spatio-temporal mapping.
Abstract: A new soil erosion model, namely G2, was applied in the island of Crete with a focus on agricultural land uses, including potential grazing lands. The G2 model was developed within the Geoland2 project as an agro-environmental service in the framework of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES, now Copernicus) initiative. The G2 model takes advantage of the empirical background of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Gavrilovic model, together with readily available time series of vegetation layers and 10 min rainfall intensity data to produce monthly time -step erosion risk maps at 300 m cell size. The innovations of the G2 model include the implementation of land-use influence parameters based on empirical data and the introduction of a corrective term in the estimation of the topographic influence factor. The mean annual erosion rate in Crete was found to be 8.123 t ha-1. The season from October to January (the rainy season in Crete) was found to be the most critical, accounting for 80% of the annual erosion in the island. Seasonal erosion figures proved to be crucial for the identification of erosion hotspots and of risky land uses. In Crete, high annual erosion figures were detected in natural grasslands and shrublands (14.023 t ha-1), mainly due to the intensification of livestock grazing during the past decades. The G2 model allows for the integrated spatio-temporal monitoring of soil erosion per land-use type based on moderate data input requirements and existing datasets.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abd Aziz, S., Steward, B.L., Kaleita, A.L., Karkee, M., 2012. Assessing the effects of DEM uncertainty on erosion rate estimation in an agricultural field. Trannsactions of the ASABE 55 (3), 785-798.
Angulo-Martinez, M., Lopez-Vicente, M., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Begueria, S., 2009. Mapping rainfall erosivity at a regional scale: a comparison of interpolation methods in the Ebro Basin (NE Spain Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, 1907-1920, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1907-2009.
Literature cited 2: Banwart, et al., 2011. Soil processes and functions in critical zone observatories: hypotheses and experimental design. Vadose Zone Journal 10 (3), 974-987, http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2010.0136.
Brown, L.C, Foster, G.R., 1987. Storm erosisivity using idealized intensity distributions.Transactions of the ASAE 30, 379-386.
ID: 60024
Title: An endmenber optimization approach for linear spectral unmixing of fine-scale urban imagery.
Author: Jian Yang, Yuhong He, Takashi Oguchi
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 27 (B) 137-146 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: High spatial resolution, Spectral mixing space, Linear spectral unmixing, Endmember optimization, SESMA and MESMA.
Abstract: Spectral unmixing of high spatial resolution imagery has attracted growing of interest for interpreting urban surface material characteristics. This study proposes an endmember optimization method based on end-member spatial distribution (i.e. solid angle and tetrahedron volume) to select the optimal endmember combination for urban spectral unmixing. Specifically, a linear spectral unmixing model (SESMA) is implemented in a suitable 3-D spectral space structured by the green, red and near infrared bands of the imagery, and endmember spatial distribution is measured with solid angle and tetrahedron volume. Both the solid angle and tetrahedron volume are found to have a strong linear or logarithmic relationship with valid and correct unmixed proportions, whereas the latter measure also takes the photometric shade into account as an endmember. The spectral unmixing results based on the proposed endmember optimization method are compared with those from a common multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA) model. Towards different classes, each model has its own advantages over the other.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bannari, A., Pacheco, A., Staenz, K., McNairn, H., Omari, K., 2006. Estimating and mapping crop residues cover on agricultural land using hyperspectral and IKONOS data. Remote Sensing of Environment 104, 447-459.
Collado, A.D., Chuvieco, E., Camarasa, A., 2002. Satellite remote sensing analysis to monitor desertification processes in the crop-rangeland boundary of Argentina. Journal of Arid Environments 52, 121-133.
Literature cited 2: De Asis, A., Omasa, K., Oki, K., Shimizu, Y., 2008. Accuracy and applicability of linear spectral unmixing in delineating potential erosion areas in tropical watersheds. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29, 4151-4171.
DeFries, R., Hansen, M., Townshend, J., 2000. Global continuous fields of vegetation characteristics: a linear mixture model applied to multi-year 8 km AVHRR data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21, 1389-1414.
ID: 60023
Title: Detecting leaf-water content in Mediterranean trees using high-resolution spectrometry.
Author: Steven M. de Jong, Elisabeth A. Addink, Jonathan C. Doelman.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 27 (B) 128-136 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Equivalent water thickness (EWT), Spectral leaf-water indices, Field experiment, Lithological substrates.
Abstract: Water content of the vegetation canopy or individual leaves is an important variable in physiological plant processes. In Mediterranean regions where water availability is an important production limiting factor, it is a strong indicator of vegetation stress. Spectroscopic earth-observation techniques in the solar part of the electromagnetic spectrum provide opportunities to determine leaf and canopy-water content due to the presence of water-absorption bands around 970 and 1200 nm. We investigated the possibilities to predict leaf-water content of three dominant tree species in a study area in Mediterranean France using spectral indices. During a field campaign leaf-water content (EWT) was determined and high resolution spectra were measured of the same leaves. The spectra were measured in two ways: using an optical cable with a field of view of 25? and using a leaf clip with its own artificial illumination source. The spectra were analyzed and related to leaf-water content as original reflectance spectra and as continuum-removed spectra using eight spectral leaf-water indices. Next, reflectance spectra were simulated to explore their sensitivity to environmental conditions like leaf area index and illumination angle using a radiative transfer model. Results show that a good correlation (0.70) exists between leaf-water content and spectral indices using the right slope of the 970 nm water-absorption band. Continuum -removal correction of the spectra improved the relations. The model sensitivity analysis illustrated that from a set of five environmental variables leaf area index has, as may be expected, an important impact on leaf-water estimates. This field and model study illustrates that it is feasible to determine foliar water content on the basis of spectral indices located around the minor water-absorption bands with a limited effect of environmental conditions.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aerts, R., 1995. The advantages of being evergreen. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10 (10), 402-407.
ASDI, 2011. Analytical System Devices Inc. http://www.asdi.com/ (accessed June 2013.).
Literature cited 2: Bonfils, P., 1993. Carte Pedologique de la France 1: 100000, feuille de Lodeve. BRGM, Paris.
Caccato, P., Gobron, N., Flasse, S., Pint, B., Tarantola, S., 2002. Designing a spectral index to estimate vegetation water content from remote sensing data: part 1: theoretical approach. Remote Sensing of Environment 82 (2-3), 188- 197.
ID: 60022
Title: Mineral mapping in the Meherabad area, eastern Iran, using the HyMap remote sensing data.
Author: Yusuf Eshqi Molan, Davood Refahi, Ali Hoseinmardi Tarashti.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 27 (B) 117-127 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: HyMap, Mineral mapping, Moving threshold.
Abstract: This study applies matched filtering on the HYMap airborne hyperspectral data to obtain the distribution map of alteration minerals in the Maherabad area and uses virtual verification to verify the results. This paper also introduces ?moving threshold? which tries to find an appropriate threshold value to convert gray scale images, produced by mapping methods, to target and background pixels. The Maherabad area, located in the eastern part of the Lut block, is a Cu-Au porphyry system in which quartz-sericite-pyrite, argillic and propylitic alteration are most common. Minimum noise fraction transform coupled with a pixel purity index was applied on the HyMap images to extract the endmembers of the alteration minerals, including kaolinite, montmorillonite, sericite (muscovite/illite), calcite, chlorite, epidote, and goethite. Since there was no access to any portable spectrometer and /or lab spectral measurements for the verification of the remote sensing imagery results, virtual verification achieved using the USGS spectral library and showed an agreement of 83.19%. The comparison between the results of the matched filtering and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses also showed an agreement of 56.13%.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Berberian, M., King, G.C.P., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18, 210-265.
Berberian, M., Jackson, J.A., Qorashi, M., Khatib, M.M., Priestley, K., Talebian, M., Ghafuri-Ashtiani, M., 1999. The 1997 may of Zirkuh (Qaenat) earthquake (Mw7.2): faulting along the Sistan suture zone of eastern Iran. Geophysical Journal International 136, 671-694.
Literature cited 2: Berk, A., Ansderson, G.P., Acharya, P.K, Chetwynd, J.H., Bernstein, L.S., Shettle, E.P., Matthew, M.W., Adler-Golden, S.M., 2000. MODTRAN4 Users Manual. Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Material Command, Hanscom AFB, USA, pp.97.
Bishop, J.L., Murad, E., 2005. The visible and infrared spectral properties of jarosite and alunite. American Mineralogist 90 (7), 1100-1107.
ID: 60021
Title: Beyond modern landscape features: New insights in the archaeological area of Tiwanaku in Bolivia from satellite data.
Author: Rosa Lasaponara, Nicola Masini.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 464-471 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Satellite, Archaeology, Tiwanaku, Aster, QuickBird, Spatial autocorrelation.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the cultural landscape of the archaeological area of Tiwanaku (Bolivia) using multiscale, multispectral, and multitemporal, satellite data. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to the satellite data sets in order to enhance and map traces of past human activities and perform a spatial characterization of environmental and cultural patterns.
In particular, in the Tiwanaku area, the approach the approach based on local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) applied to ASTER data allowed us to identify traces of a possible ancient hydrographic network with a clear spatial relation with the well-known moat surrounding the core of the monumental area. The same approach applied to QuickBird data, allowed us to identify numerous traces of archaeological interest, in Mollo Kontu mound, less investigated than the monumental area. Some these traces were in perfect accordance with the results of independent studies, other were completely unknown. As a Whole, the detected features, composing a geometric pattern with roughly North-South orientation, closely match those of the other residential contexts at Tiwanaku.
These new insights, captured from ASTER and QuickBird data processing, suggested new questions on the ancient landscape and provided important information for planning future field surveys and archaeogeophysical investigations.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aiazzi, B., Baronti, S., Selva, M., Improving component substitution pansharpening through multivariate regression of MS+ PAN data. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 45 (10), 3230-3239.
Anselin, L., 1995. Local indicators of spatial association LISA. Geogr. Anal. 27 (2), 93-115.
Literature cited 2: Argollo, J., Leocadio, T., Kolata, Al. L., Rivera, O., 1996. Geology, geomorphology, and soils of the Tiwanaku and Catari river basinbs. In: Kolata, A. (Ed.), Tiwanaku and its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, vol. I. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 57-88.
Blom, D.E., Janusek, J.W., Buikstra, J.E., 2003. A re-evaluation of human remains from Tiwanaku. In: Kolata, A.L., (Ed), Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaelogy and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, vol. 2. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 435-448.
ID: 60020
Title: Semi-automatic detection of linear archaeological traces from orthorectified aerial images.
Author: Benedetto Figorito, Eufemia Tarantino
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 458-463 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Trace extraction, Multiphase ACM, Geospatial image processing
Abstract: This paper presents a semi-automatic approach for archaeological traces detection from aerial images. The method developed was based on the multiphase active contour model (ACM). The image was segmented into three competing regions to improve the visibility of buried remains showing in the image as crop marks (i.e. centuriations, agricultural allocations, ancient roads, etc). An initial determination of relevant traces can be quickly carried out by the operator by sketching straight lines close to the traces. Subsequently, tuning parameters (i.e. eccentricity, orientation, minimum area and distance from input line) are used to remove non-target objects and parameterize the detected traces. The algorithm and graphical user interface for this method were developed in a MATLAB environment and tested on high resolution orthorectified aerial images. A qualitative analysis of the method was lastly performed by comparing the traces extracted with ancient traces verified by archaeologists.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Agapiou, A., Alexakis, D.D, Hadjimitsis, D.G., 2012. Spectral sensitivity of ALOS, ASTER, IKONOS, LANDSAT and SPOT satellite imagery intended for the detection of archaeological crop marks. International Journal of Digital Earth, 1-22.
Ahmadi, S., Zoej, M., Ebadi, H., Moghaddam, H.A., Mohammadzadeh, A., 2010. Automatic urban building boundary extraction from high resolution aerial images using an innovative model of active contours. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 12 (3) 150-157.
Literature cited 2: Alexakis, D., Sarris, A., Astaras, T., Albanakis, K., 2009. Detection of Neolithic settlements in Thessaly (Greece) through multispectral and hyperspectral satellite imagery. Sensors 9 (2), 1167-1187.
Aqdus, S.A., Hanson, W.S, Drummond, J., 2012. The potential of hyperspectral and multi-spectral imagery to enhance archaeological cropmark detection: a comparative study. Journal of Archaeological Science. 39 (7), 1915-1924.
ID: 60019
Title: Urban metabolism and climate change: A planning support system.
Author: Ivan Blecic, Arnaldo Cecchini, Matthias Falk, Serena Marras, Dacvid R.Pyles, Donatella Spano, Giuseppe A.Trunfio
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 447-457 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Urban metabolism, Climate change, Urban sustainability, Cellular automata, CO2, Urban planning.
Abstract: Patterns of urban development influence flows of material and energy within urban settlements and exchanges with its surrounding. In recent years the quantitative estimation of the components of the so-called urban metabolism has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers from different fields. To contribute to this effort we developed a modeling framework for estimating the carbon exchanges together with sensible and latent heat fluxes and air temperature in relation to alternative land-use scenarios. The framework bundles three components: (1) a Cellular Automata model for the simulation of the urban land-use dynamics; (ii) a transportation model for estimating the variation of the transportation network load and (iii) the Advanced Canopy-Atmosphere-Soil Algorithm (ACASA) model tightly coupled with the mesoscale weather forecasting WRF. We present and discuss the results of an example application on the city of Florence.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Batty, M., Xie, Y., 1994. From cells to cities. Environment and planning B, 31-48.
Blecic, I., Cecchini, A., Trunfio, G.A., 2008. A software infrastructure for multiagent geosimulation applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5072, 375-388.
Literature cited 2: Blecic, I., Cecchini, A., Trunfio, G.A., 2009. A general-purpose geosimulation infrastructure for spatial decision support. Transactions on computational Science 6, 200-218.
Blecic, I., Cecchini, A., Trunfio, G.A., 2010. A Comparison of evolutionary algorithms for automatic calibration of constrained cellular automata. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6016, 166-181.
ID: 60018
Title: Fisher- Shannon information plane analysis of SPOT/VEGETATION Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series to characterize vegetation recovery after fire disturbance.
Author: Antonio Lanorte, Rosa Lasaponara, Michele Lovallo, Luciano Telesca.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 441-446 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Satellite time series, Fisher information measure, Shannon entropy, Fires, SPOT.
Abstract: The time dynamics of SPOT-VEGETATION Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series are analyzed by using the statistical approach of the Fisher- Shannon (FS) information plane to assess and monitor vegetation recovery after fire disturbance. Fisher-Shannon information plane analysis allows us to gain insight in to the complex structure of a time series to quantify its degree of organization and order. The analysis was carried out using 10-day Maximum Value Composites of NDVI (MVC-NDVI) with a 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution. The investigation was performed on two test sites located in Galizia (North Spain) and Peloponnese (South Greece), selected for the vast fires which occurred during the summer of 2006 and 2007 and for their different vegetation covers made up mainly of low shrubland in Galizia test site and evergreen forest in Peloponnese. Time series of MVC-NDVI have been analyzed before and after the occurrence of the fire events. Results obtained for both the investigated areas clearly pointed out that the dynamics of the pixel time series before the occurrence of the fire is characterized by a larger degree of disorder and uncertainty; while the pixel time series after the occurrence of the fire are featured by a higher degree of organization and order. In particular, regarding the Peloponneso fire, such discrimination is more evident than in the Galizia fire. This suggests a clear possibility to discriminate the different post-fire behaviors and dynamics exhibited by the different vegetation covers.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Allen, C.D., Savage, M., Falk, D.A., Suckling, K.F., Swetnam, T.W., Schulke, T., Stacey, P.B., Morgan, P., Hoffman, M., Klingel, J.T., 2002. Ecological restoration of Southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: a broad perspective. Ecological Applications 12, 1418-1433.
Angulo, J.C., Anatolia, J., Sen, K.D., 2008. Fisher-Shannon plane and statistical complexity of atoms. Physics Letters A 372, 670-674.
Literature cited 2: Devroye, L., 1987. A course on Density Estimation. Birkhauser, Boston.
Diaz-Delgado, R., Lloret, F., Pons, X., 2002. Satellite evidence of decreasing resilience in Mediterranean plant communities after recurrent wildfires. Ecology 83, 2293-2303.
ID: 60017
Title: Spatial data discretization methods for geocomputation.
Author: Feng Cao, Yong Ge, Jinfeng Wang.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 432-440 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Geocomputation, Spatial data, Discretization, Spatial autocorrelation, Spatial heterogeneity.
Abstract: Geocomputation provides solutions to complex geographic problems. Continuous and discrete spatial data are involved in the geocomputational process; however, geocomputational methods for discrete spatial data cannot be directly applied to continuous or mixed spatial data. Therefore, discretization methods for continuous or mixed spatial data are involved in the process. Since spatial data has spatial features, such as association, heterogeneity and spatial structure, these features cannot be handled by traditional discretization methods. Therefore, this work develops feature-based spatial data discretization methods that achieve optimal discretization results for spatial data using spatial information implicit in those features. Two discretization methods considering autocorrelation of spatial data and the other is a supervised method considering spatial heterogeneity. Discretization processes of the two methods are exemplified using neural tube defects (NTD) for Heshun County in Shanxi Province, China. Effectiveness is also assessed.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Ahlqvist, O., Keukelaar, J., Oukbir, K., 2000. Rough classification and accuracy assessment. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 14, 475-496.
Ahlqvist, O., Keukelaar, J., Oukbir, K., 2003. Rough and fuzzy geographical data integration. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 17, 223-234.
Literature cited 2: Anselin, L., 1995. Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical Analysis 27, 93-115.
Armstrong, M.P., Xiao, N.C., David, A., Bennett, D.A., 2003. Using genetic algorithms to create multicriteria class intervals for chropleth maps. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93, 595-623.
ID: 60016
Title: Hyperion image analysis and linear spectral unmixing to evaluate the grades of iron ores in parts of Noamundi, Eastern India.
Author: T. Magendran, S. Sanjeevi.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 413-426 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Linear spectral unmixing, Hyperion, Spectral curves, Geochemistry, Iron ore grades, Noamundi.
Abstract: This paper reports the results of a study to differentiate iron ores in terms of their grades, using the hyperspectral (EO-1 Hyperion) image data, covering a mineralized belt in the Noamundi area, eastern India. The study involves hyperspectral data collection, pre-processing (reduction of atmospheric and solar flux effects), generation of spectral curves from the image for the iron ore deposits, extraction of key spectral parameters and linear spectral unmixing for mapping iron ore abundance. Spectral curves for iron ore deposits extracted from the Hyperion image pixels exhibit strong absorption at 850-900 nm and 2150-2250 nm wavelengths, which is typical of iron ores. The strength of the absorption features in the continuum removed spectra varies spatially in the image around the mining areas, indicating differences in composition/grade of the iron ores. Spectral parameters such as depth, width, area and wavelength position of the absorption features, derived from image spectra in the 850-900 nm and 2150-2250 nm regions, correlate well with the concentration of iron-oxide and alumina (gangue) in the ore samples obtained from the mine face. Well defined correlations are evident between the concentration of iron oxide and (i) the depth of NIR absorption feature (R2=0.883); (ii) the width of NIR absorption feature (R2=0.912); and (iii) the area of the NIR absorption feature and (R2=0.882). Further, the linear spectral unmixing resulted in an iron ore abundance map which, in conjunction with the image-and laboratory-spectra, helped in assessing the grades of iron ores in the study area. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of discriminating grades of iron ores based on spectral information derived from spaceborne hyperspectral imagery.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adams, J.B., Smith, M.O., Jhonson, P.E., 1986. Spectral mixture modeling: a new analysis of rock and soil types at the Viking Lander 1 site. Journal of geophysical Research 91, 8098-8112.
Belanger, M.J., Miller, J.R., Boyer, M.G., 1995.Comparative relationships between some red edge parameters and seasonal leaf chlorophyll concentrations. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 21 (1), 16-21.
Literature cited 2: Boardman, J.W., Kruse, F.A., Green, R.O., 1995. Mapping target signatures via partial unmixing of AVIRIS data. In: Summaries, Fifth JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop, vol. 95(1). JPL Publication, pp. 23-26.
Chang, S.H., Collins, W., 1983. Confirmation of airborne biophysical mineral exploration techniques using laboratory methods. Economic Geology and Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists 78, 723-736.