ID: 60045
Title: Estimating soil moisture and the relationship with crop yield using surface temperature and vegetation index.
Author: M.E. Holzman, R. Rivas, M.C. Piccolo.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 28 181-192 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Soil moisture, MODIS, Optical-thermal, Crop yield forecasting, Remote sensing.
Abstract: Soil moisture availability affects rainfed crop yield. Therefore, the development of methods for pre-harvest yield prediction is essential for the food security. A study was carried out to estimate regional crop yield using the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI). Triangular scatters from land surface temperature (LST) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) space from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) were utilized to obtain TVDI and to estimate soil moisture availability. Then soybean and wheat crops yield was estimated on four agro-climatic zones of Argentine Pampas. TVDI showed a strong correlation with soil moisture measurements, with R2 values ranged from 0.61 to 0.83 and also it was in agreement with spatial pattern of soil moisture. Moreover, results showed that TDVI showed that TVDI data can be used effectively to predict crop yield on the Argentine Pampas. Depending on the agro-climatic zone, R2 values ranged from 0.68 to 0.79 for soybean crop and 0.76 to 0.81 for wheat. The RMSE values were 366 and 380 kg ha -1 for soybean crop and 0.76 to 0.81 for wheat. The RMSE values were 366 and 380 kg ha-1 for soybean and they varied between 300 and 550 kg ha -1 in the case of wheat crop. When expressed as percentages of actual yield, the RMSE values ranged from 12 % to 13% for soybean and 14% to 22 % for wheat. The bias values indicated that the obtained models underestimated soybean and wheat yield Accurate crop grain yield forecast using the developed regression models was achieved one to three months before harvest. In many cases the results were better than others obtained using only a vegetation index, showing the aptitude of surface temperature and vegetation index combination to reflect the crop water condition. Finally, the analysis of a wide range of soil moisture availability allowed us to develop a generalized model of crop yield and dryness index relationship which could be applicable in other regions and crops at regional scale.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Baez-Gonzalez, A.D., Chen, P., Tiscareno-Lopez, M., Srinivasan, R., 2002. Using satellite and field data with crop growth modeling to monitor and estimate corn yield in Mexico. Crop Sci. 42, 1943-1949.
Balaghi, R., Tychon, B., Eerens, H., Jlibene, M., 2008. Empirical regression model using NDVI, rainfall and temperature data for the early prediction of wheat grain yields in Morocco. Int. J.Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 10, 438-452.
Literature cited 2: Basnyat, P., McConkey, B., Lafond, G.R., Moulin, A., Pelcat, Y., 2004. Optimal time for remote sensing to relate to crop grain yield on the Canadian prairies.Can.J.Plant Sci. 84, 97-103.
Batlivala, P.P., Ulaby, F.T., 1977. Feasibility of monitoring soil moisture using activity microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory Technical Report No. 264-12.
ID: 60044
Title: Retrieving canopy height and density of paddy rice from Radarsat-2 images with a canopy scattering model.
Author: Yuan Zhang, Xiaohui Liu, Shiliang Su, Cuizhen Wang.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 28 170-180 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Radarsat-2, Canopy scattering model, paddy rice, Canopy height and density.
Abstract: Quantification of rice biophysical properties is important not only for rice growth monitoring and cropping management, but for understanding carbon cycle in agricultural ecosystems. In this study, a rice canopy scattering model (RCSM) was firstly utilized to simulate rice backscatter with a root mean square error (RMSE) < 1 dB in comparison with the C-band, HH-polarization Radarsat-2 images. And then, by integrating the model with a generic algorithm optimization tools (GOAT), canopy height and density were separately retrieved from Radarsat-2 images acquired in three rice growth stages (elongation stage, heading stage and yellow ripening stage ). Accuracy analysis showed that the two parameters could be retrieved with the RMSE of 5.4 cm in height, and 26 (#/ m2) in density. The study demonstrated the potential of Radarsat-2 SAR data for quantitative mapping of biophysical parameters of paddy rice.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bouvet, A., Le Toan, T., 2011. Use of ENVISAT/ASAR wide-swath data for timely rice fields mapping in the Mekong River Delta. Remote Sensing of Environment 115 (4), 1090- 1101.
Chakraborty, M., Manjunath, K.R., Panigrahy, S., Kundu, N., Parihar, J.S., 2005. Rice crop parameter retrieval using multi-temporal, multi-incidence angle Radarsat SAR data. ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 59 (5), 310-322.
Literature cited 2: Chen, J., Lin, H., Liu, A., Shao, Y., Yang, L., 2006. A semiempirical backscattering model for estimation of leaf area index (LAI) of rice in Southern China. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27 (24), 5417-5425.
De Castro, H.F., Cavalca, K.L., 2003. Availability optimization with genetic algorithm. International Journal of Reliability Management 20 (7), 847-863.
ID: 60043
Title: Estimation of real evapotranspiration and its variation in Mediterranean landscapes of central -southern Chile.
Author: L. Olivera-Guerra, C.Mattar, M., Galleguillos.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 28 160-169 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Evapotranspiration, Rainfed landscape, S-SEBI, ASTER.
Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ETd) is a key controller in the ecohydrological processes of semi-arid landscapes. This is the case of the dry land in the Chile ' s central -southern zone, where forestry, farming and livestock activities must adapt to precipitation with considerable year-on-year variations. In this study, the spatial distribution of ETd was estimated in relation to the land use map and physical parameters of the soil. The ETd was estimated through the Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI) using data from weather stations and remote data provided by the ASTER and MODIS sensors for November 2004 and 2006, respectively. The spatial variability of ETd was compared among different plant types, soil textural classes and depths using non-parametric statistical tests. In this comparison, the highest rates of ETd were obtained in the forest covers with values of 7.3 ? 0.8 and 8.4 ? 0.8 mm d-1 for 2004 and 2006, respectively. The lowest values were estimated for pastures and shrublands with values of 3.5 ? 1.2 mm d-1 and for crops with rates of 4.4 ? 1.6 mm d-1. Comparison of the ETd of the native forest covers and plantations of exotic species showed statistically significant differences; however, no great variation was noted, at least in the study months. Additionally, the highest rates of ETd were found in the clay loam textures (6.0 ? 1.8 and 6.4 ? 2.0 mm d-1) and the lowest rates in the sandy loam soils (3.7 ? 1.6 and 3.9 ? 1.6 mm d-1) for 2004 and 2006, respectively. The results enable analysis of the spatial patterns of the landscape in terms of the relation between water consumption, ET and the biophysical characteristics of a Mediterranean ecosystem. These results form part of the creation of tools useful in the optimization of decision-making for the management and planning of water resources and soil use in territories with few measuring instruments.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abrams, M., 2000. International Journal of The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER): data products for the high spatial resolution imager on NASA ' s Terra platform. Int. J. Remote Sens. 21, 847-859.
Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Menenti, M., Feddes, R.A., Holtslag, A.A.M., 1998. A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL). 1. Formulation. J. Hydrol. 212-213, 198-212.
Literature cited 2: Birkinshaw, S.J., Bathurst, J.C., Iroume, A., Palacios, H., 2011. The effect of forest cover on peak flow and sediment discharge -an integrated field and modeling study in central-southern Chile. Hydrol. Process 25, 1284-1297.
Boronina, A., Ramillien, G., 2008. Application of AVHRR imagery and GRACE measurements for calculation of actual evapotranspiration over the quaternary aquifer (Lake Chad basin) and validation of groundwater models. J. Hydrol. 348, 98-109.
ID: 60042
Title: Detection of flooded urban areas in high resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar images using double scattering.
Author: D.C. Mason, L. Giustarini, J. Garcia-Pintado, H.L. Cloke
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 28 150-159 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Flood detection, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Urban area, Double scattering
Abstract: Flooding is a particular hazard in urban areas worldwide due to the increased risks to life and property in these regions. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors are often used to image flooding because of their all-weather day-night capability, and now possess sufficient resolution to image urban flooding. The flood extents extracted from the images may be used for flood relief management and improved urban flood inundation modeling.
A difficulty with using SAR for urban flood detection is that, due to its side-looking nature, substantial areas of urban ground surface may not be visible to the SAR due to radar layover and shadow caused by buildings and taller vegetation. This paper investigates whether urban flooding can be detected in layover regions (where flooding may not normally be apparent) using double scattering between the (possibly flooded) ground surface and the walls of adjacent buildings. The method estimates double scattering strengths using a SAR image in conjunction with a high resolution LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) height map of the urban area. A SAR simulator is applied to the LiDAR data to generate maps of layover and shadow, and estimate the positions of double scattering curves in the SAR image.
Observations of double scattering strengths were compared to the predictions from an electromagnetic scattering model, for both the case of a single image containing flooding, and a change detection case in which the flooded image was compared to an un-flooded image of the same area acquired with the same radar parameters. The method proved successful in detecting double scattering due to flooding in the single -image case, for which flooded double scattering curves were detected with 100% classification accuracy (albeit using a small sample set) and un-flooded curves with 91% classification accuracy . The same measures of success were achieved using change detection between flooded and un-flooded images. Depending on the particular flooding situation, the method could lead to improved detection of flooding in urban areas.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Allan, R.P., Soden, B.J., 2008. Atmospheric warming and the amplification of precipitation extremes. Science 321 (5895), 1481-1484.
Aronica, G., Bates, P.D., Horrit, M.S., 2002. Assessing the uncertainty in distributed model predictions using observed binary pattern information within Glue. Hydrol.Process. 16 (10), 2001-2016.
Literature cited 2: Bates, P.D., Wilson, M., Horritt, M.S., Mason, D.C., Holden, N., Currie, A., 2006. Reach scale floodplain inundation dynamics observed using airborne SAR imagery.J. Hydrol. 328 (1-2), 306-318.
Canny, J.F., 1986. A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE. Trans. Pattern Anal.Mach. Intell. 8 (6), 679-698.
ID: 60041
Title: Forest tree species discrimination in western Himalaya using EO-1 Hyperion.
Author: Rajee George, Hitendra Padalia, S.P.S. Kushwaha.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 28 140-149 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Hyperspectral, Hyperion, Species discrimination, Himalaya, SVM, SAM.
Abstract: The information acquired in the narrow bands of hyperspectral remote sensing data has potential to capture plant species spectral variability, thereby improving forest tree species mapping. This study assessed the utility of spaceborne EO-1 Hyperion data in discrimination and classification of broadleaved evergreen and conifer forest trees species in western Himalaya. The pre-processing of 242 bands of Hyperion data resulted into 160 noise-free and vertical stripe corrected reflectance bands. Of these, 29 bands were selected through step-wise exclusion of bands (Wilk ' s Lambda). Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were applied to the selected bands to assess their effectiveness in classification. SVM was also applied to broadband data (Landsat TM) to compare the variation in classification accuracy. All commonly occurring six gregarious tree species, viz., White oak, brown oak, Chir pine, blue pine, cedar and fir in western Himalaya could be effectively discriminated. SVM produced a better species classification (overall accuracy 82.27%, kappa statistic 0.79) than SAM (overall accuracy 74.68%, kappa statistic 0.70). It was noticed that classification accuracy achieved with Hyperion bands was significantly higher than Landsat TM bands (overall accuracy 69.62%, kappa statistic 0.65). Study demonstrated the potential utility of narrow spectral bands of Hyperion data in discriminating tree species in a hilly terrain.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Asner, G.P., 2008. Hyperspectral remote sensing of canopy chemistry, physiology and biodiversity in tropical rain forests. In: Kalascska, M., Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. (Eds), Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Tropical and Sub-Tropical Forests. CRC press Taylor and Francis group, Boca Raton, London, New York, pp. 161-196.
Asner, G.P., Heidebrecht, K.B., 2002. Spectral unmixing of vegetation, soil and drycarbon cover in arid regions: Comparing multispectral and hyper-spectral observations. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23, 3939-3958.
Literature cited 2: Champion, H.G., Seth, S.K., 1968. A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India. Govt. of India Press, New Delhi.
Chan, J.C.W., Palinckx, D., 2008. Evaluation of Random Forest and Adaboost tree based ensemble classification and spectral band selection for ecotope mapping using airborne hyperspectral imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 112, 2999-3011.
ID: 60040
Title: Conservation and Sustainable Management of Wetland Ecosystems in Western Ghats.
Author: T V Ramachandra, Ananth Hegde Ashisar, Shri Shri Gangadharendra Saraswati Swamiji, M D Subhash Chandran, Harish R Bhat, Harish Krishnamurthy, M A Khan, Sreevidya, Vijai Krishna R, Prakash Mesta, Bharath H Aithal, Rajasri Ray, Durga M. Mahapatra, Ga
Editor: T V Ramachandra
Year: 2015
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Sahyadri Conservation Series 47, Envis Technical Report 87
Subject: Proceedings Lake 2014
Keywords: Conservation, Sustainable Management , Wetland ecosystems
Abstract: Symposium focusing on lakes popularly known as ?Lake Symposium? was initiated by the Energy & Wetlands Research Group at Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in the year 1998. The theme was broadened in 2000 (Lake 2000) with a wider participation of education institutions, Governmental and non - Governmental organisations, etc. The basic idea of the symposium was to bring out the trends in ecosystem conservation, restoration and management including the hydrological, bio-physical, people ' s participation and the role of non-governmental, educational and the governmental organizations and the future research needs. Lake 2014
will be the 9th Biennial Lake Conference focussing on ?Conference on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Wetland Ecosystemsin Western Ghats?. The theme of world wetlands day 2014 is ?Wetlands and Agriculture: Placing a focus on the need for the wetland and agricultural sectors (and the water sector too of course) to work together for the best shared outcomes? and this conference provides a unique opportunity to increase understanding of the role of wetlands in sustaining the food production and challenges faced by these fragile ecosystems.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 60039
Title: Remote sensing of vegetation cover dynamics and resilience across southern Africa.
Author: A. Harris, A.S. Carr, J. Dash.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 131-139 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Remote sensing, Trend analysis, Land degradation, NDVI, AVHRR, Africa.
Abstract: Southern Africa supports a significant portion of the world ' s floral biodiversity but predicted changes in climate are likely to cause adverse impacts on the region ' s ecosystems and biodiversity. Knowledge regarding the resilience of vegetation cover is important for understanding the potential impact of anthropic or climatic change. The length of time vegetation cover takes to recover from disturbances can provide an indication of ecosystem resilience. We investigated spatial and temporal patterns in the persistence of vegetation cover across southern Africa (1982-2006) and used persistence probability plots to estimate decay times of NDVI trends as a means to characterize the potential resilience of key southern African biomes. Patterns of positive and negative NDVI trend persistence were spatially coherent, indicating collective dynamic behavior of vegetation cover. Persistence probability plots indicated differences in resilience between biomes. Mean recovery times from negative NDVI trends were shorter than for positive trends in the Savanna and Nama Karoo, whereas the succulent Karoo exhibited the shortest mean lifetime for positive NDVI trends and one of the longest mean lifetimes for negative trend survival, implying potentially slow recovery from environmental disturbance. The results show the potential of satellite-time series data for monitoring vegetation cover resilience in semi-arid regions.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Beck, H.E., McVicar, T.R., vanDijk, A.I.J.M., Schellekens, J., de Jeu, R.A.M., Bruijnzeel, L.A., 2011. Global evaluation of four AVHRR-NDVI data sets: intercomparison and assessment against Landsat imagery. Remote Sens. Environ. 115, 2547-2563.
Coppola, R., Cuomo, V., D ' Emilio, M., Lanfredi, M., Liberti, M., Macchiato, M., Simoneillo, T., 2009. Terrestrial vegetation cover activity as a problem of fluctuating surfaces. Int.J. J.Mod.Phys. B 23, 5444-5452.
Literature cited 2: de Jong, R., de Bruin, S., de Wit, A., Schaepman, M.E., Dent, D.L., 2011. Analysis of monotonic greening and browning trends from global NDVI time-series. Remote Sen. Environ. 115, 692-702.
Dlamini, W.M., 2011. Bioclimatic modeling of southern African bioregions and biomes using Bayesian networks. Ecosystems 14, 366-381.
ID: 60038
Title: Area-based and location -based validation of classified image objects.
Author: Timothy G. Whiteside, Stefan W. Maier, Guy S. Boggs.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 117-130 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Geographic object- based image analysis, Validation, Accuracy assessment.
Abstract: Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) produces results that have both thematic and geometric properties. Classified objects not only belong to particular classes but also have spatial properties such as location and shape. Therefore, any accuracy assessment where quantification of area is required must (but often does not) take into account both thematic and geometric properties of the classified objects. By using location -based and area-based measures to compare classified objects to corresponding reference objects, accuracy information for both thematic and geometric assessment is available. Our methods provide location-based and area-based measures with application to both a single -class feature detection and a multi-class object-based land cover analysis. In each case the classification was compared to a GIS layer of associated reference data using randomly selected sample areas. Error is able to be pin-pointed spatially on per-object, per class and per-sample area bases although there is no indication whether the errors exist in the classification product or the reference data. This work showcases the utility of the methods for assessing the accuracy of GEOBIA derived classifications provided the reference data is accurate and comparable scale.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Baatz, M., Schape, A., 2000. Multiresolution segmentation -an optimization approach for high quality multi-scale image segmentation. In: Strobl, J., Blaschke, T., Griesebner, G. (Eds.), Angewandte Geographische Informationsverarbeitung XIII. Wichmann-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 12-23.
Benz, U., Hofmann,P., Willhauck, G., Lingenfelder, I., Heynen, M., 2004. Multi-resolution, object -oriented fuzzy analysis of remote sensing data for GIS -ready information. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 58, 239-258.
Literature cited 2: Beyer, H.L., 2004. Hawth ' s analysis tools for ArcGIS, http://www.spatialecology. Com/htools (last accessed 08.12.13).
Blaschke, T., 2010. Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 58, 239-258.
ID: 60037
Title: Modeling multiple land use changes using ANN, CART and MARS: Comparing tradeoffs in goodness of fit and explanatory power of data mining tools.
Author: Amin Tayyebi, Bryan C. Pijanowski.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 102-116 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Land Transformation Model- Multiple Classifications (LTM-MC), Classification And Regression Trees (CART), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Multiple Classifications (MC).
Abstract: Over half of the earth ' s terrestrial surface has been modified by humans. This modification is called land use change and its pattern is known to occur in a non-linear way. The land use change modeling community can advance its models using data mining tools. Here, we present three data mining land use change models, one based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), another on classification And Regression Trees (CART) and another Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). We reconfigured the three data mining models to concurrently simulate multiple land use classes (e.g. agriculture, forest and urban) in South-Eastern Wisconsin (SEWI), USA (time interval 1990-2000) and in Muskegon River Watershed (MRW), Michigan, USA (time interval 1978-1998). We compared the results of the three data mining tools using relative operating characteristic (ROC) and percent correct match (PCM). We found that ANN provided the best accuracy in both areas for three land use classes (e.g. urban, agriculture and forest). In addition, in both regions, CART and MARS both showed that forest gain occurred in areas of high urban density, close to roads and in areas with few forests and wetlands. We also found that agriculture gain is more likely for the areas closer to the agriculture and forest patches. Elevation strongly influenced urbanization and forest gain in MRW while it has no effect in SEWI.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alexandridis, K., Pijanowski, B.C., Lei, Z., 2007. Assessing multi-agent parcelization performance in the MABEL simulation model using Monte Carlo replication experiments and planning B 34, 223-244.
Alexandridis, K., Pijanowski, B.C., 2013. Spatially-explicit Bayesian information entropy metrics for calibrating landscape transformation models. Entropy 15 (7), 2480-2509.
Literature cited 2: Allwein, E., Shapire, R., Singer, Y., 2000. Reducing multiclass to binary: a unifying approach for margin classifiers. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 113-141.
Anderson, J.R., Hardy, E.E., Roach, J.T., Witmer, R.E., 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for use with Remote Sensor Data. US Geological Survey, Professional Paper 964: 28, Reston, VA.
ID: 60036
Title: Using multiple Landsat scenes in an ensemble classifier reduces classification error in a stable nearshore environment.
Author: Anders Knudby, Lina Mtwana Nordlund, Gustav Palmqvist, Karolina Wikstrom, Alan Koliji, Regina Lindborg, Martin Gullstrom.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 90-101 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Remote sensing, Classification, Landsat, Ensemble classifier, Random forest, Nearshore.
Abstract: Medium -scale land cover maps are traditionally created on the basis of a single cloud-free satellite scene, leaving information present in other scenes unused. Using 1309 field observations and 20 cloud-and error -affected Landsat scenes covering Zanzibar Island, this study demonstrates that the use of multiple scenes can both allow complete coverage of the study area in the absence of cloud-free scenes and obtain substantially improved classification accuracy. Automated processing of individual scenes includes derivation of spectral features for use in classification, identification of clouds, shadows and the land/water boundary, and random forest-based land cover classification. An ensemble classifier is then created from the single -scene classifications by voting. The accuracy achieved by the ensemble classifier is 70.4%, compared to an average of 62.9% for the individual scenes, and the ensemble classifier achieves complete coverage of the study area while the maximum coverage for a single scene is 1209 of the 1309 field sites. Given the free availability of Landsat data, these results should encourage increased use of multiple scenes in land cover classification and reduced reliance on the traditional single-scene methodology.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Ahmad, W., Neil, D., 1994. An evaluation of Landsat Thematic Mapper? digital data for discriminating coral reef zonation: Heron Reef (GBR). International Journal of Remote Sensing 15, 2583-2597.
Andrefouet, S., 2008. Coral reef habitat mapping using remote sensing: a user vs. producer perspective. Implications for research, management and capacity building. Journal of Spatial Science 53, 113-129.
Literature cited 2: Andrefouet, S., Guzman, H., 2005. Coral reef distribution, status and geomorphology-biodiversity relationship in Kuna Yala (San Blas) archipelago, Caribbean Panama. Coral Reefs 24, 31-42.
Andrefouet, S., Muller-Karger, F.E., Robinson, J.A., Kranenburg, C.J., Torres-Pulliza, D., Spraggins, S.A., et al., 2006. Global assessment of modern coral reef extent and diversity for regional science and management applications: a view from space. In: Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, 28 June -2 July 2004, Okinawa, Japan, pp. 1732-1745.
ID: 60035
Title: Ground subsidence phenomena in the Delta Municipality region (Northern Greece): Geotechnical modeling and validation with persistent Scatterer Interferometry.
Author: Federico Raspini, Constantinos Loupasakis, Dimitrios Rozos, Nico Adam, Sandro Moretti.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 78-89 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Satellite SAR interferometry, Persistent scatterers, Wide area product, Subsidence modeling, Kalochori, Greece.
Abstract: Land subsidence is a common phenomenon occurring in several regions worldwide. Persistent subsidence causes strong consequences on the affected areas and related problems include environmental, economic and social aspects.
A set of forty-two Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, acquired in 1995-2001 by the European Space Agency (ESA) satellites ERS 1 and ERS 2, were processed with persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) technique to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of deformation in the Delta municipality (Thessaloniki plain, Northern Greece), a deltic area with a long history of land subsidence related to aquifer system compaction.
Exploitation of output products of a PSI analysis, both average LOS (Line of Sight) deformation rates and displacement time series, revealed a large subsidence area due to intense groundwater withdrawal. Higher displacement velocities have been observed south-west of kalochori and south of Sindos, from both sides of the Gallikos River. In those areas deformation rates of roughly 4.5 cm/yr have been recorded, during the period from 1995 to 2001.
Increasing subsidence rates are measured moving toward the mouth of the Gallikos River, where the thickest sequence of compressible Quaternary sediments is observed. Displacement time series retrieved by PSI technique has been compared with the temporal evolution of subsidence, coupling the geotechnical behavior of the formations and the piezometric surface level. Finally, results obtained by the subsidence model have been positively compared with the PSI-based information on displacement, providing accurate and perfectly verified results.
Outcomes of this work demonstrated the potential of repeat-pass satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) as suitable technique for increasing knowledge about the extent and the rat of the deformations in case of subsidence events. Moreover, InSAR turned out to be a valuable tool to validate subsidence models and represents a cost-efficiency method, alternative to ground-based measurements for investigating surface deformation phenomena.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adam, N., Rodriguez Gonzalez, F., Parizzi, A., Brcic, R., 2013. Wide area persistent scatterer interferometry: current developments, algorithms and examples. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 2013, Melbourne, Australia.
Adam, N., Rodriguez Gonzalez, F., Parizzi, A., Liebhart, W., 2011. Wide area persistent scatterer interferometry. In: Proceedings of IGARSS 2011, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 1481-1484.
Literature cited 2: Amelung, F., Galloway, D.L., Bell, J.W., Zebker, H.A., Laczniak, R.L., 1999. Sensing the ups and downs of Las Vegas: InSAR reveals structural control of land subsidence and aquifer-system deformation. Geology 27 (6), 483-486.
Amelung, F., Jonsson, S., Zebker, H., Segall, P., 2000. Widespreaduplift and ' trapdoor ' faulting on Galapagos Volcanoes observed with radar interferometry. Nature 407, 993-996.
ID: 60034
Title: : Creation of global land cover and a probability map through a new map integration method.
Author: Tsuguki Kinoshita, Koki Iwao, Yoshiki Yamagata.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 70-77 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Global land cover map, Map integration, Ground truth data, Probability map.
Abstract: Global land cover maps are widely used for assessment and in research of various kinds, and in recent years have also come to be used for socio-economic forecasting. However, existing maps are not very accurate, and differences between maps also contribute to their unreliability. Improving the accuracy of global land cover maps would benefit a number of research fields. In this paper, we propose a methodology for using ground truth data to integrate existing global land cover maps. We checked the accuracy of a map created using this methodology and found that the accuracy of the new map is 74.6% which is 3% higher than for existing maps. We then created a 0.5-min latitude by 0.5-min longitude probability map. This map indicates the probability of agreement between the category class of the new map and truth data. Using the map, we found that the probabilities of cropland and grassland are relatively low compared with other land cover types. This appears to be because the definitions of cropland differ between maps, so the accuracy may be improved by including pasture and idle plot categories.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alcamo, J., Florke, M., Marker, M., 2007. Future long-term changes in global water resources driven by socio-economic and climatic changes. Hydrological Science Journal 52 (2), 247-275.
Arino, O., Leroy, M., Ranera, F., Gross, D., Bicheron, P., Nino, F.,Brockman, C., Defourny, P., Vancutsem, C., Achard, F., Durieux, L., Bourg, L., Latham, J., DiGregorio, A., Witt, R., Herold, M., S ambale, J., Plummer, S., Weber, J. -L, Goryl, P., Houghton, N., 2007.GlobCover: ESA service for global land cover from MERIS. In: Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 23-28 July 2007, Barcelona, Spain, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS. 2007.4423328.
Literature cited 2: Bartholome, E., Belward, A.S., 2005. GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth Observation data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26, 1959-1977.
Cramer, W., Kicklighter, D.W., Bondeau, A., Moore III, B., Churlina, G., Nemry, B., Ruimy, A., Schloss, A.L., the participants of the Potsdam NPP Model Intercomparison, 1999. Comparing global NPP models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): overview and key results. Global Change Biology 5 (Suppl.1), 1-15.
ID: 60033
Title: Anthropogenic pressure in East Africa -Monitoring 20 years of land cover changes by means of medium resolution satellite data.
Author: Andreas B. Brink, Catherine Bodart, Lukas Brodsky, Pierre Defourney, Celine Ernst, Francois Donney, Andrea Lupi, Katerina Tuckova.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 60-69 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: East Africa IGAD region, Land cover change, Sampling, Landsat, DMC Deimos, Anthropogenic impact.
Abstract: The East Africa IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development in Eastern Africa) region with its great variety of ecological regions experienced major changes during the last decades. This study assesses and quantifies the land cover dynamics in the region by applying a systematic sampling of medium resolution Landsat and DMC Deimos imagery. 445 samples covering about 3% of the study area taken as a box of 20 km x20 km around each 1 degree latitude and longitude intersects are processed and analyzed. Statistical estimates of land cover change are produced by means of an automatic object-based classification in seven broad classes for the years 1990-2000 and 2000-2010. Figures of change for the East Africa IGAD region are presented and land cover change processes such as loss of natural vegetation and increase of agriculture areas are analyzed. Results highlight the geographical distribution of land cover dynamics and show a 28 % increase in agriculture area cover the analyzed 20-year time frame. The yearly agriculture area increase rate is around 1.4 % for both assessed decades, however a strong increase in yearly deforestation rate-from 0.2% in the first period to 0.4% in the second period -has been observed. These figures are discussed within the context of the drivers of changes and the resulting impact to the natural ecosystem.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Achard, F., H., Stibig, H.-J, Mayaux, P., Gallego, J., Richards, T., Malingreau, J.-P., 2002. Determination of deforestation rates of the world ' s humid tropical forests. Science 297, 999-1002.
Achard, F., Beuchle, R., Bodart, C., Brink, A.B., Carboni, S., Eva, H.D., Mayaux, P., Rasi, R., Simonetti, D., Stibig, H.-J., 2009. Monitoring forest cover at global scale: the JRC approach. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ISRSE Conference, 4P.
Literature cited 2: Baraldi, A., Puzzolo, V., Blonda, P., Bruzzone, L., Tarantino, C., 2006. Automatic spectral rule -based preliminary mapping of calibrated Landsat TM and ETM+ images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44 (9), 2563-2585.
Barrett, H.R., Ilbery, B.W., Brown, A.W. Binns, T., 1999. Globalization and the changing networks of food supply: the importation of fresh horticultural produce from Kenya into the UK. Transactions of the institute of British Geographers 24 (2), 159-174.
ID: 60032
Title: Mapping tillage operations over a peri-urban region using combined SPOT4 and ASAR/ENVISAT images.
Author: E. Vaudour, N.Baghdadi, J.M.Gilliot.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 43-59 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: SPOT/ASAR synergy, Tillage operations, Mapping, Bare agricultural soils, Soil roughness, SVM.
Abstract: This study aimed at assessing the potential of combining synchronous SPOT4 and ENVISAT/ASAR images (HH and HV polarizations) for mapping tillage operations (TOs) of bare agricultural fields over a peri-urban area characterized by conventional tillage system in the western suburbs of Paris (France). The reference spatial units for spatial modeling are 57 within-field areas named ?reference zones? (RZs) homogeneous for their soil properties, constructed in the vicinity of 57 roughness measurement locations, spread across 20 agricultural fields for which TOs were known. The total RZ dataset was half dedicated to successive random selections of training/validating RZs, the remaining half (29 RZs) being kept for validating the final map results. Five supervised per-pixels classifiers were used in order to map 2 TOs classes (seedbed & harrowed and late winter plough) in addition to 4 landuse classes (forest, urban, crops and grass, waterbodies): support vector machine with polynomial kernel (pSVM), SVM with radial basis kernel (rSVM), artificial neural network (ANN), Maximum Likelihood (ML), and regression tree (RT). All 5 classifiers were implemented in a bootstrapping approach in order to assess the uncertainty of map results. The best results were obtained with pSVM for the SPOT4/ASAR pair with producer ' s and user ' s mean validation accuracies (Pm VA/UmVA) of 91.7%/89.8% and 73.2%/73.3% for seedbed & harrowed and late winter plough conditions, respectively. Whatever classifier, the SPOT4/ASAR pair appeared to perform better than each of the single images, particularly for late winter plough: PmVA/UmVA of 61.6% /53.0% for the single SPOT4 image; 0%/6% for the single ASAR image. About 73% of the validation agricultural fields (79% of the RZs) were correctly predicted in terms of Tos in the best pSVM-derived final map. Final map results could be improved through masking non-agricultural areas with land use identification system layer prior to classifying images. Such knowledge of agricultural operations is likely to facilitate the mapping of agricultural systems which otherwise proceed from time-consuming surveys to farmers.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aubert, M., Baghdadi, N., M., Douaui, A., Loumagne, C., Baup, F., El Hajj, M., Garrigues, S., 2011. Analysis of TerraSAR-X data sensitivity to bare soil moisture, roughness, composition and soil crust. Remote Sensing of Environment115, 1801-1810.
Aubert, M., Baghdadi, N., Zribi, M., Ose, K., El Hajj, M., Braud, I., Vaudour, E., 2012. Operational bare soil moisture mapping using TerraSAR-X data acquired over agricultural areas. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing (JSTARS) 6 (2), 900-916.
Literature cited 2: Auzet, A.V., Van Dijk, P., Kirkby, M.J., 2005. Surface characterization for soil erosion forecasting. Editorial Catena 62, 77-78.
Baghdadi, N., Cerdan, O., Zribi, M., Auzet, V., Darboux, F., El Hajj, M., Bou Kheir, R., 2008. Operational performance of current synthetic aperture radar sensors in mapping soil surface characteristics in agricultural environments: application to hydrological and erosion modeling. Hydrological processes 22, 9-20.
ID: 60031
Title: Using multiple spectral feature analysis for quantitative pH mapping in a mining environment.
Author: Veronika Kopackova
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 28 28-42 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Acid mine drainage (AMD), pH modeling, Mineral spectroscopy, Mining impacts, Environmental monitoring, Multiple spectral feature fitting.
Abstract: The pH is one of the major chemical parameters affecting the results of remediation programs carried out at abandoned mines and dumps and one of the major parameters controlling heavy metal mobilization and speciation. This study is concerned with testing the feasibility of estimating surface pH on the basis of airborne hyperspectral (HS) data (HyMap). The work was carried on the sokolov lignite mine, as it represents a site with extreme material heterogeneity and high pH gradients. First, a geochemical conceptual model of the site was defined. Pyrite, jarosite or lignite were the diagnostic minerals of very low pH (<3.0), jarosite in association with goethite indicated increased pH (3.0-6.5) and goethite alone characterized nearly neutral or higher pH (>6.5). It was found that these minerals have absorption feature parameters which are common for forms, individual minerals as well as parts of the mixtures, while the shift to longer wavelengths of the absorption maximum centered between 0.90 and 1.00 ?m is the main parameter that allows differentiation among the ferric minerals. The multi range spectral feature fitting (MRSFF) technique was employed to map the defined end-members indicating certain pH ranges in the HS image datasets. This technique was found to be sensitive enough to assess differences in the desired spectral parameters (e.g., absorption shape, depth and indirectly maximum absorption wavelength position). Furthermore, the regression model using the fit images, the results of MRSFF, as inputs was constructed (R2= 0.61, Rv2 =0.76) to estimate the surface pH. This study represents one of the few approaches employing image spectroscopy for quantitative pH modeling in a mining environment and the achieved results demonstrate the potential application of hyperspectral remote sensing as an efficient method for environmental monitoring.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adams, J.B., Sabol, D.E., Kapos, V., Almeida, R., Roberts, D.A., Smith, M.O., Gillespie, A.R., 1995. Classification of multispectral images based on fractions of endmembers -application to land -cover change in the Brazilian Amazon. Remote Sensing of Environment 52 (2), 137-154.
Adler-Golden, S.M., Matthew, M.W., Bernstein, L.S., Levine, R.Y., Berk., A., Richtsmeier, S.C., Acharya, P.K., Anderson, G.P., Felde, G., Gardner, J., Hoke, M., Jeong, L.S., Pukall, B., Ratkowski, A., Burke, H.H., 1999. Atmospheric correction for shortwave spectral imagery based on MODTRAN4. Imaging Spectrometry V 3753, 61-69.
Literature cited 2: Akcil, A., Koldas, S., 2006. Acid mine drainage (AMD): causes, treatment and case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production 14(12-13), 1139-1145.
Asner, G.P., Heiderbrecht, K.B., 2002. Spectral unmixing of vegetation, soil and dry carbon cover in arid regions: Comparing multispectral and hyperspectral observations. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23 (19), 3939-3958.