Enter records

ID: 65855
Title: Unveiling the importance of small-scale and seasonal wetlands: policy imperatives for groundwater sustainability in India
Author: Priyanka Sarkar Robert Luetkemeier
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (10) 1206-1208 25 May (2024)
Subject: Unveiling the importance of small-scale and seasonal wetlands: policy imperatives for groundwater sustainability in India
Keywords: None
Abstract: Groundwater (GW) – the largest distributed storage of freshwater worldwide (although not uniformly) – accounts for approximately 99% of all the freshwater on Earth1 . In addition to the crucial ecological and hydrological significance, GW is central to various aspects of human development including a source of water for drinking and other domestic uses, food production, thus contributing to overall human well-being2 . Globally, at least 1.7 billion people live in areas experiencing over-exploitation of GW and an unknown number are experiencing problems related to lowering of the water table, GW pollution, land surface subsidence, saltwater intrusion in coastal regions, decoupling of GW-dependent ecosystems and long-distance telecoupling effects3–5 . The 2022 UN World Water Development Report has identified intensive abstraction as the leading cause of long-term depletion of GW, with the Asia-Pacific region as the largest GW abstractor worldwide
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: United Nations, The United Nations World Water Development Report 2022 – Groundwater: making the invisible visible. UNESCO, Paris, 2022; https://www.unwater.org/publications/un-world-water-development-report-2022. Velis, M., Conti, K. I. and Biermann, F., Sustain. Sci., 2017, 12, 1007–1017; https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11625-017-0490-9.
Literature cited 2: Gleeson, T., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M. F. P., and Van Beek, L. P. H., Nature, 2012, 488, 197–200; https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11295. Lall, U., Josset, L. and Russo, T., Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 2020, 45, 171–194; https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ102017-025800.

ID: 65854
Title: Quantum technology for transforming healthcare in India
Author: Deepika Verma, Ravneet Kaur, Naveen and Kashmir Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (10) 1201-1203 25 May (2024)
Subject: Quantum technology for transforming healthcare in India
Keywords: None
Abstract: Globally quantum-based labs are actively engaged in biomedical research. Although Indian healthcare industry is a major economic sector that has dedicated government budgets, Indian quantum healthcare initiative lags compared to global efforts. To reap the benefits of quantum technology (QT) in healthcare, India needs a policy framework. The key policy recommendations include allocating funds for QT based research projects, encouraging collaborations among researchers and healthcare professionals, investing in infrastructure set up, promoting public–private partnerships, developing international collaborations, efficient policies for intellectual property protection and establishing Centers of Excellence dedicated to QT focused on healthcare. The implementation of such policies can fast-track the integration of QT into India’s healthcare system, addressing challenges and promoting innovation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Schleich, W. P. et al., Appl. Phys. B, 2016, 122, 1–31. Biancone, P., Secinaro, S., Marseglia, R. and Calandra, D., Technovation, 2023, 120, 102406
Literature cited 2: Drago, C., Gatto, A., and Ruggeri, M., Technovation, 2023, 120, 102417. Bison, G. et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2009, 95, 173701.

ID: 65853
Title: Public policy: a key factor for national prosperity and sustainability
Author: Vedpal S. Malik
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (10) 1199-1200 25 May (2024)
Subject: Public policy: a key factor for national prosperity and sustainability
Keywords: None
Abstract: Science plays a crucial role in industrial and economic growth of the country, yet some countries have ineffective policies that impede their scientific progress. A country’s success hinges on its ability to cultivate education, science, technology and innovation. For instance, updating the educational curriculum to emphasize mathematics, calculus and statistics could facilitate the advancement of artificial intelligence, a new revolution in the making. China’s government has adopted capitalism and modernization, resulting in remarkable development. However, science also presents new challenges for legal and scientific institutions, particularly in the fields of biology and information technology. Science does not always yield facts that everyone concurs on, which can engender problems for the law. Therefore, law and science should collaborate to find common ground, without generating conflicts. This can assist the public, lawmakers, judges and the policymakers in making better decisions
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 65852
Title: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) die-back disease – a report
Author: V. Kavi Sidharthan A. Muthu Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (10) 1193-1194 25 May (2024)
Subject: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) die-back disease – a report
Keywords: None
Abstract: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), commonly known as ‘Indian lilac’ is an indigenous eco-friendly tree species that grows in a wide range of climatic and edaphic conditions and is regarded as one of the valuable genetic resources of India1 . Though valued for its antimicrobial properties and resistance to pathogen attack, neem is prone to several fungal and bacterial diseases. Phomopsis azadirachtae is the causal agent of neem die-back disease, which was first reported by Bhat et al. 2 in 1998 in southern part of India from the state of Karnataka. The disease is characterized by downward drying of branches starting from the terminal region and progressive tree dying results in tree death. Management methods were worked out and reported; however, association of P. azadirachtae (die-back pathogen) with tea mosquito bug and other fungi in disease causation remains unexplored.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Uchegbu, M., Okoli, I., Esonu, B. and Iloeje, M., Res. J. Med. Plant, 2011, 5(3), 230–245. Bhat, S. S. et al., Curr. Sci., 1998, 74(1), 17–19.
Literature cited 2: Fathima, S, K., Bhat, S. S. and Girish, K., Indian Phytopath., 2004, 57(1), 30–33. Islas, J. F., Acosta, E., Buentello, Z. G., Gallegos, J. L. D., Trevino, M. G. N., Escalante, B. and Cuevas, J. E. M., J. Funct. Foods, 2020, 74, 104171; https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104171

ID: 65851
Title: Georesources and geohazards in the Himalaya: a way forward for economy and ecology
Author: Kalachand Sain
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (10) 1191-1192 25 May (2024)
Subject: Georesources and geohazards in the Himalaya: a way forward for economy and ecology
Keywords: None
Abstract: There are a variety of resources available in the Himalaya: snow and glaciers; springs and river systems; precious minerals and ores; abundant renewable energy resources – geothermal, wind and sunshine; hydrocarbons in thrustfold belts; medicinal plants and herbs; scenic beauty and tourist attractions, which can be harnessed for socio-economy and agricultural advancement. Glaciers, snow and mighty rivers are lifelines for tens of millions of people for irrigation, drinking water, hydro-power, domestic usage and industrial requirements. Thus, there are excellent opportunities for investment and development in terms of constructing roads, bridges, tunnels and ropeways; building hydro-power projects and geothermal or hybrid energy plants; developing agriculture and livestock farms; and expanding micro-scale industries using available local resources.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 65850
Title: Soil organic carbon stock and erodibility indices under different land uses of Nagaland, India
Author: Gaurav Mishra , Abhishek Jangir and Benukantha Dash
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1166-1171 10 May (2024)
Subject: Soil organic carbon stock and erodibility indices under different land uses of Nagaland, India
Keywords: Forest, shifting cultivation, soil erosion, soil organic carbon, tea garden
Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the major environmental concerns, causing a reduction in soil carbon stock and soil fertility. It is generally difficult to estimate soil erosion in hilly terrains. To overcome this, different types of erodibility indices are developed and used to describe the intensity of soil erosion. The present study was conducted in Nagaland state of northeast India, where clay ratio (CR), modified clay ratio (MCR), critical level of organic matter (CLOM) and erodibility factor (K) were used to assess the severity of soil erosion under different land uses. To study these, soil samples from forest, jhum, fallow jhum and tea gardens were collected from 0 to 30 cm soil depth. The results showed that sand and clay content were significantly different under different land uses, while soil organic carbon (SOC) and stocks followed the same trend, with maximum and minimum values under tea (60.55 t C ha–1 ) and jhum lands (40.74 t C ha–1 ) respectively. Among the different erodibility indices, only CR and MCR values were found to be significantly different from each other. Higher values of CR and MCR under jhum and fallow jhum lands indicate that these land uses are more prone to erosion. The present study provides a picture of severity of soil erosion under different land uses in Nagaland and recommends that CR and MCR can be used to evaluate soil erosion in hilly terrain areas.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Borrelli, P. et al., An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosion. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8(1), 2013; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02142-7. Ebabu, K. et al., Effects of land use and sustainable land management practices on runoff and soil loss in the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. Sci. Total Environ., 2019, 648, 1462–1475; https://doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.273.
Literature cited 2: Bhattacharyya, R. et al., Soil conservation issues in India. Sustainability, 2016, 8(6), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/su8060565. Kumar, K., Tripathi, S. K. and Bhatia, K. S. Erodibility characteristics of Rendhar watershed soils of Bundelkhand. Indian J. Soil Conserv., 1995, 23, 200–204.

ID: 65849
Title: Evaluation of the influence of land-use and land-cover changes on ecosystem services in Deepor Beel Ramsar Site using high resolution remote sensing
Author: Sameer Mandal, Kasturi Chakraborty and Biman Kr. Dutta
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1159-1165 10 May (2024)
Subject: Evaluation of the influence of land-use and land-cover changes on ecosystem services in Deepor Beel Ramsar Site using high resolution remote sensing
Keywords: Land-use/land-cover change, remote sensing, image segmentation, wetland ecosystem service value.
Abstract: It is important to assess the rapid land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) and its impact on ecosystem service value (ESV), affecting the socio-economic and climatic stabilization of wetlands. In this study, a multi-resolution image segmentation and k-nearest neighbours algorithm were used for the thematic classification of satellite images of 2003 and 2018 in the Deepor Beel wetland, a lake of international significance. A notable increase in built-up areas was observed from 9.07 to 32.19 sq. km during this period. Proximity analysis in the 500 m buffer from the Deepor Beel boundary revealed an increasing built-up areas in close proximity. The ESV evaluation estimated a net decrease in the monetary value of 4.85 × 104 USD of the wetland for the respective years. The study recommends strict demarcation of zones of influence on the ground and regular monitoring of LULCC to protect important wetlands and preserve their ecosystem services
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, Global Wetland Outlook: State of the World’s Wetlands and their Services to People, Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland, Switzerland, 2018. Xu, T. et al., Wetlands of International Importance: status, threats, and future protection. Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health, 2019, 16(10), 1818.
Literature cited 2: Kingsford, R. T. et al., Ramsar wetlands of international importance – improving conservation outcomes. Front. Environ. Sci., 2021, 9, 643367. Ramsar Convention Secretariat, The Fourth Ramsar Strategic Plan 2016–2024, Ramsar handbooks for the Wise Use of Wetlands, Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland, Switzerland, 2016, vol. 2, 5th edn, p. 54

ID: 65848
Title: Decoding the copulation and courtship patterns of an invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) from India
Author: N. Ramya , Vinod K. Padala, D. Sagar, J. S. Rupali , Hemant Kumar , R. Reshma , Priya Yadav and S. Subramanian
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1152-1158 10 May (2024)
Subject: Decoding the copulation and courtship patterns of an invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) from India
Keywords: Calling behaviour, copulation, fall armyworm, mating frequency, scotophase.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to study and document the copulation duration and effect of mating on the female calling behaviour of the Indian population of an invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Results showed that 58.39% of the females exhibited calling in the absence of males and 88.18% of females in the presence of males on the first scotophase. The onset time of calling was early in females when males were present. Calling length and calling bouts varied significantly with an increase in the age of virgin females, while in multiple-mated females, the trend was different. The copulation duration of S. frugiperda varied between 78.00 ± 7.35 min and 197.14 ± 11.06 min. The copulation duration and percentage of females mated were maximum in the second scotophase. The fecundity of multiple-mated females ranged between 841 and 1849 with a mean of 1176 ± 113 eggs per female, while in single-mated females, it ranged between 476 and 1368 with a mean of 878 ± 175 eggs per female. Our results indicated that the calling and mating took place in the first scotophase and were at a peak in the second scotophase. This information can be used in formulating biorational molecules, which can modulate calling behaviour and improve mating disruption in S. frugiperda for its management.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Silva, A. G. A., Goncalves, C. R. and Galvao, D. M., Quarto Catálogo dos Insetos que Vivem nas Plantas do Brasil: Seus Parasitos e Predadores, Parte II, tomo 1o, Insetos, hospedeiros e inimigos naturais. Ministério da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1968. Ferguson, D. C., Hilburn, D. J. and Wright, B., The Lepidoptera of Bermuda: their food plants, biogeography, and means of dispersal. Mem. Ent. Soc., 1991, 123, 158.
Literature cited 2: Pogue, G. M. A., World revision of the genus Spodoptera Guenee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Philadelphia: Ann. Entomol. Soc Am., 2002, 43, 1–202. Murua, M. G., Vera, M. T. and Abraham, S., Fitness and mating compatibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from different host plant species and regions in Argentina. Ann. Entomol. Soc Am., 2008, 101, 639–64

ID: 65847
Title: Energy use pattern and greenhouse gas emission of winter vegetables: insights from Chotanagpur Plateau region, India
Author: Bikash Sarkar , S. S. Mali , Pawan Jeet , P. K. Sundaram , A. P. Anurag , Ujjwal Kumar , Anil Kumar Singh , A. Upadhyaya , Anirban Mukherjee , Pinaki Roy and B. P. Bhatt
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1143-1151 10 May (2024)
Subject: Energy use pattern and greenhouse gas emission of winter vegetables: insights from Chotanagpur Plateau region, India
Keywords: Chotanagpur Plateau, energy pattern, energy use efficiency, GHG emissions, vegetable production
Abstract: The study investigated energy use efficiency (EUE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for winter vegetable production in India’s Chotanagpur Plateau region, focusing on garden peas and potatoes. Data from vegetable growers revealed garden peas required 6564.29 MJ/ha, primarily from human energy (25.56%), farmyard manure (21.33%), seed (20.15%) and diesel (12.22%). For potatoes, the energy requirement was 40,282.29 MJ/ha, with fertilizer (42.30%), chemicals (24.43%), and seed (16.98%) major contributors. EUE was 9.80 for garden peas and 1.11 for potatoes. GHG emissions were 718.32 and 369.69 kg CO2 eq./ha for garden peas and potatoes respectively. Promoting small farm machinery and optimizing resource management could enhance energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. Sustainable farming practices are crucial for mitigating energy use and GHG emissions in the region’s vegetable production, urging further research for effective strategies
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Paltasingh, T. and Paliwal, G., Tribal population in India: regional dimensions and imperatives. J. Reg. Dev. Plan., 2014, 3(2), 27–36. Sarkar, B. et al., Energy input–output analysis and greenhouse gas emission in okra and tomato production in Chotanagpur plateau region of India. Environ., Dev. Sustain., 2023, 25, 12945–12964; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02596-w.
Literature cited 2: Heidari, M. D. and Omid, M., Energy use patterns and econometric models of major greenhouse vegetable productions in Iran. Energy, 2011, 36, 220–225. Hamedani, S. R., Shabani, Z. and Rafiee, S., Energy inputs and crop yield relationship in potato production in Hamadan province of Iran. Energy, 2011, 36, 2367–2371.

ID: 65846
Title: Effective utilization of RISAT-1A multi-mode satellite data for near real time flood mapping and monitoring: case study and implementation at the national level
Author: A. V. Suresh Babu, Y. V. Sai Bhageerath, K. H. V. Durga Rao, K. Sreenivas and Prakash Chauhan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1134-1142 10 May (2024)
Subject: Effective utilization of RISAT-1A multi-mode satellite data for near real time flood mapping and monitoring: case study and implementation at the national level
Keywords: Flood damage assessment, flood disaster, flood mapping, RISAT-1A, synthetic aperture radar data.
Abstract: Flooding is a recurring issue in India, affecting 10–15 states annually during monsoon season and coastal regions due to cyclones. Microwave satellite data from SAR sensors like RISAT-1A, launched in February 2022, offers near real-time flood mapping crucial for relief efforts. Various acquisition modes, including medium resolution ScanSAR (MRS) mode, coarse resolution ScanSAR (CRS) mode and fine resolution Strimap (FRS) mode, provide suitable resolutions for flood mapping. Case studies demonstrate the behaviour of the backscatter coefficient in flood pixels, essential for flood map preparation. Validation against optical datasets shows a high accuracy of 91% in CRS, 94% in MRS and 94% in FRS, which is acceptable for near real-time mapping. The 67 and 91 flood maps were generated in 2022 and 2023 respectively, aiding state and central disaster management
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: NDMA Annual Report 2022–23; https://ndma.gov.in/sites/default/ files/PDF/Reports/Annual_Report_NDMA_2022-2023.pdf Agnihotri, A. K., Ohri, A., Gaur, S., Shivam Das, N. and Mishra, S., Flood inundation mapping and monitoring using SAR data and its impact on Ramganga river in Ganga basin. Environ. Monit. Assess, 2019, 191, 1–16; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7903
Literature cited 2: Tripathi, G. et al., Flood inundation mapping and impact assessment using multi-temporal optical and SAR satellite data: a case study of 2017 flood in Darbhanga District, Bihar, India. Water Resour. Manage., 2020, 34, 1871–1892; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020- 02534-3. Flood Affected Area Atlas of India (1998–2022) – Satellite based approach; https://ndem.nrsc.gov.in/documents/downloads/Flood%20- Affected%20Area%20%20Atlas%20of%20India.%20-Satellite%- 20based%20study.pdf

ID: 65845
Title: Characterization of ocean and coastal features using EOS-04 and application in deciphering its spatio-temporal dynamics
Author: Ratheesh Ramakrishnan, Suchandra Aich Bhowmick, S. V. V. Arun Kumar, Anup Kumar Mandal, M. Seemanth and Aditya Chaudhary
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1126-1133 10 May (2024)
Subject: Characterization of ocean and coastal features using EOS-04 and application in deciphering its spatio-temporal dynamics
Keywords: Coastal bathymetry, EOS-04, internal solitary waves, oil spill, Ocean wave spectra.
Abstract: Here we discuss various coastal and ocean science applications of the Earth Observation Satellite-04 (EOS04) mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation. Automated oil spill detection using EOS-04, Medium Resolution ScanSAR data is carried out that involves segmenting of dark regions and classification of oil spills from look-alikes using a rank based algorithm. Lagrangian forecasting model is then used to predict the oil spill track. Genetic algorithm is employed to convert backscatter from EOS-04 into Significant Wave Height and wave spectra. The wavelength and propagation direction of ocean internal solitary waves are estimated using EOS-04 data. High resolution data in Fine Resolution Stripmap mode is used to estimate coastal bathymetry based on wave shoaling effect. The unique ability of EOS-04, with a range of spatial resolutions and various modes of operation form an essential ocean observation dataset that enables the scientific community to improve the understanding of complex coastal ocean processes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Solberg, A., Brekke, C. and Husoy, P. O., Oil spill detection in RADARSAT and ENVISAT SAR images. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2007, 45(3), 746–755. Topouzelis, K., Oil spill detection by SAR images: dark formation detection, feature extraction and classification algorithms. Sensors, 2008, 8, 6642–6659.
Literature cited 2: Alpers, W., Holt, B. and Zeng, K., Oil spill detection by imaging radars: challenges and pitfalls. Remote Sensing Environ., 2017, 201, 133–147. Ira, L. et al., State-of-the-art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Remote Sensing Environ., 2012, 124, 185–209.

ID: 65844
Title: Probing atmospheric phenomena using C-band synthetic aperture radar onboard Earth Observation Satellite-04
Author: Abhisek Chakraborty, Neerja Sharma, Neeru Jaiswal and Bipasha Paul Shukla
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1118-1125 10 May (2024)
Subject: Probing atmospheric phenomena using C-band synthetic aperture radar onboard Earth Observation Satellite-04
Keywords: Atmospheric phenomena, EOS-04, SAR
Abstract: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched its second civilian C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission onboard Earth Observation Satellite-04 (EOS-04). The SAR data monitors and measures various atmospheric features and parameters. In this paper, we report on the investigation of EOS-04 data for several atmospheric phenomena. One of the crucial parameters for studying atmospheric manifestations in SAR data is ocean surface winds and an algorithm for its retrieval has been developed using EOS-04 data. The wind speed products thus generated are evaluated using observations from the Advanced Scatterometer and subsequently used to study atmospheric phenomena like boundary layer structures. The EOS-04 SAR data is also demonstrated for studying structures associated with tropical cyclones, coupling of rain and wind imprints and distinct signatures of an atmospheric front. The study outcomes are used to interpret atmospheric phenomena and understand backscattering signals from EOS-04 SAR. This indicates the possibility and potential of a gamut of atmospheric phenomena that can be probed using EOS-04 SAR data.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Fu, L. and Holt, B., Seasat views oceans and sea ice with synthetic aperture radar. Publ. 81–120, Jet Propulsion Lab., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 1982, p. 200. Hristova-Veleva, S. M. et al., Revealing the winds under the rain. Part I: passive microwave rain retrievals using a new observation based parameterization of subsatellite rain variability and intensity– algorithm description. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 2013, 52, 2828–2848.
Literature cited 2: Zhang, G., Perrie, W., Li, X. and Zhang, J. A., A hurricane morphology and sea surface wind vector estimation model based on C-band cross-polarization SAR imagery. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2017, 55(3), 1743–1751. Moore Torres, J. C., Jackson, C. R., Ruff, T. W., Helfrich, S. R. and Romeiser, R., Observing tropical cyclone morphology using RADARSAT-2 and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., 2013, 40, 789–801.

ID: 65843
Title: Characterizing EOS-4 imagery for regional geological observations
Author: Swati Singh, Priyom Roy, Ritwik Majumdar, Nikhil K. Baranval, Tapas R. Martha and Iswar C. Das
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1109-1117 10 May (2024)
Subject: Characterizing EOS-4 imagery for regional geological observations
Keywords: C-band, geology, mapping, synthetic aperture radar.
Abstract: The Earth Observation Satellite, EOS-4, launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation, operates in the microwave C-band (5.6 GHz), offering high-quality backscatter images for various thematic applications. In this study, we demonstrate applicability of EOS-4 data in visualizing and identifying geological features, i.e. landforms, structures and rock type variations. Through test cases, we have suggested optimization of parameters like viewing node, geometry, look angle and polarization for geological applications. In analysis of geological structures, SAR look direction and node variation are crucial, whereas for shallow and moist subsurface features, multiple polarizations may be investigated for optimum results. FRS data analysis is essential for mesoscale features like landslides and glaciers, to bring out the subtle granularities. Finally for lithological contrast identification, RGB composites and band ratios derived from the available polarization channels provides the optimum outcomes. Thus, EOS4 are aptly complementary to any optical datasets for geological feature identification and mapping
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Spatz, D. M., Remote sensing characteristics of the sediment- and volcanic-hosted precious metal systems: imagery selection for exploration and development. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 1997, 18(7), 1413–1438. Woodhouse, I. H., Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2006
Literature cited 2: Campbell, J. B., Introduction to Remote Sensing, The Guilford Press, New York, 2007. Pettinato, S., Santi, E., Paloscia, S., Pampaloni, P. and Fontanelli, G., The intercomparison of X-Band SAR image from COSMOSkyMed and TerraSAR-X satellites: case studies. Remote Sensing, 2013, 5, 2928–2942.

ID: 65842
Title: Crustal deformation and lava flow associated with the 2022 Mauna Loa (Hawaii) volcanic eruption using interferometric and polarimetric analysis of EOS-04 and Sentinel-1 SAR data
Author: K. M. Sreejith, Sriram S. Bhiravarasu , S. S. Sreerag, R. Agrawal , M. C. M. Jasir , K. M. Agrawal , P. Parashar, Q. Saquib , D. Putrevu and V. M. Ramanujam
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1102-1108 10 May (2024)
Subject: Crustal deformation and lava flow associated with the 2022 Mauna Loa (Hawaii) volcanic eruption using interferometric and polarimetric analysis of EOS-04 and Sentinel-1 SAR data
Keywords: EOS-04, InSAR, lava flow, Mauna Loa volcano, polarimetry, surface deformation.
Abstract: Mauna Loa volcano (Hawaii) is the world’s largest subaerial volcano. Interferometric analysis of ISRO’s EOS-04 and ESA’s Sentinel-1 SAR images provided a detailed view on the surface deformation associated with the 2022 Mauna Loa volcano eruption. Co-eruptive InSAR analysis of Sentinel-1 data revealed Line-of Sight deformation of ±50 cm along the NE and SW rift zones. The complex bipolar deformation pattern in ascending and descending tracks suggests vertical and horizontal deformation associated with the sub-surface magma ascent and spreading respectively. InSAR analysis of EOS-04 data revealed concentric interferometric fringes east of the caldera. This near-circular deformation lobe (~ –13 cm) could be interpreted either as post-eruptive volcanic deflation or topographically correlated atmospheric artefact. Polarimetric and coherence based analysis revealed extensive lava flow along the SW and NE rifts (~15 km) and further towards the north along a topographic channel for about 16 km. Polarimetric radar analysis of a fresh lava flow channel associated with the NE rift zone revealed a transition between smooth pāhoehoe and rough a’a flow textures along its current extent. The present study demonstrates the interferometric and polarimetric capabilities of EOS-04 satellite for geophysical applications
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Wilson, J., A possible origin of the Hawaiian Islands. Can. J. Phys., 1963, 41, 863–870. Nakamura, K., Why do long rift zones develop in Hawaiian volcanoes: a possible role of thick oceanic sediments. Bull. Geol. Soc. Jpn., 1980, 25, 255–269.
Literature cited 2: Amelung, F., Yun, S. H., Walter, T. R., Segall, P. and Kim, S. W., Stress control of deep rift intrusion at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii. Science, 2007, 316, 1026–1030. Ando, M., The Hawaii earthquake of November 29, 1975: low dip angle faulting due to forceful injection of magma. J. Geophys. Res., Solid Earth, 1979, 84, 7616–7626.

ID: 65841
Title: Estimation of above-ground biomass and delineation of vegetation of tropical forests using EOS-04 data
Author: Anup K. Das, C. Patnaik , Saroj Maity , M. S. S. Praveen , R. Suraj Reddy , G. Rajashekar, Nilima R. Chaube , Seema Mahajan , Yashraj Jain , Dhruval Bhavsar , Kasturi Chakraborty and Deepak Putrevu
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1088-1101 10 May (2024)
Subject: Estimation of above-ground biomass and delineation of vegetation of tropical forests using EOS-04 data
Keywords: Above-ground biomass, C-band SAR, forest cover, mangrove vegetation, MRS data, random forest regression, tropical forest
Abstract: The C-band SAR on-board EOS-04 mission provides unique opportunities to characterize forest vegetation through its sensitiveness to vegetation structure and all weather imaging capability over regions of perpetual cloud cover. The present study has brought out the applications of EOS-04 data for estimation of above ground biomass (AGB) of tropical deciduous forests and scrublands, mapping of forest cover and delineation of mangroves vegetation. The study suggested that EOS04 data can be used for mapping AGB of tropical scrublands and low density forests of AGB ≤ 80 t/ha. The overall RMSE for all vegetation with AGB ≤ 80 t/ha was 15.3 t/ha (R2 – 0.49). It was shown that the integration of EOS-04 and Sentinel-2 data improved AGB estimates across biomass ranges of 0–245 t/ha (RMSE – 21.60 t/ha and 0.81). EOS-04 data was also found to be useful for the delineation of mangroves and forest vegetation using machine-learning algorithms. The study supports operational use of EOS-04 data for estimation of AGB over low biomass tropical forests and scrublands.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Kasischke, E. S., Melack, J. M. and Craig Dobson, M., The use of imaging radars for ecological applications – a review. Remote Sensing Environ., 1997, 59(2), 141–156. Sarker, Md. L. R., Nichol, J., Iz, H. B., Ahmad, B. B. and Rahman, A. A., Forest biomass estimation using texture measurements of high-resolution dual-polarization C-band SAR data. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2013, 51(6), 3371–3384
Literature cited 2: Naidoo, L., Mathieu, R., Main, R., Wessels, K. and Asner, G. P., Lband synthetic aperture radar imagery performs better than optical datasets at retrieving woody fractional cover in deciduous, dry savannahs. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf., 2016, 52, 54–64. Dusseux, P., Corpetti, T., Hubert-Moy, L. and Corgne, S., Combined use of multi-temporal optical and radar satellite images for grassland monitoring. Remote Sensing, 2014, 6(7), 6163–6182.