Enter records

ID: 65820
Title: Ocean heat content variability in the Bay of Bengal: a CMIP6 model analysis with implications on the Indian Ocean Dipole
Author: A. B. Asok, A. P. Joshi and H. V. Warrior
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 903-915 25 April (2024)
Subject: Ocean heat content variability in the Bay of Bengal: a CMIP6 model analysis with implications on the Indian Ocean Dipole
Keywords: Annual trends, climate prediction, ocean heat content, performance indices, seawater potential temperatur
Abstract: The present study evaluates the performance of CMIP6 models in capturing ocean heat content (OHC) variations in the Bay of Bengal. The seawater potential temperature of the six best-performing models up to a depth of 500 m from the sea surface was chosen for the study on a 1° × 1° horizontal resolution and monthly temporal scale, compared with RAMA buoy and North Indian Ocean Atlas data. Performance indices such as root mean square error (RMSE), average error, absolute average error (AAE) and Willmott score were used. The GISS-E2-1-G model performed better with lower RMSE and AAE values, while the IPSL-CM6A-LR model performed poorly. Monthly climatology variations showed increased temperature and OHC during the summer. Annual trends in OHC revealed negative trends for some models, indicating a net loss of heat, while others showed positive trends, indicating heat accumulation. Comparison with RAMA buoy data consistently showed lower heat content than the models, indicating overestimation. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating observational data to improve accuracy. The findings highlight variations in model performance, and the need for understanding uncertainties and biases in climate models for reliable projections. Additionally, the study suggests that the interaction between the North and South Bay of Bengal can affect the Indian Ocean Dipole phenomenon, influencing temperature gradients and hence OHC.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T. and Kiehl, J., Earth’s global energy budget. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2009, 90(3), 311–323. Meyssignac, B. et al., Measuring global ocean heat content to estimate the earth energy imbalance. Front. Mar. Sci., 2019, 6, 432.
Literature cited 2: Stocker, M. et al., In Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2013, p. 1535. Taylor, K., Stouffer, R. and Meehl, G., An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 2012, 93(4), 485– 498

ID: 65819
Title: Pesticide scenario and reduction strategies in Indian cardamom farming – present and future perspectives
Author: M. Nafeesa, M. Murugan, J. S. Remya, T. T. Preethy and Jins. K. Abraham
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 894-902 25 April (2024)
Subject: Pesticide scenario and reduction strategies in Indian cardamom farming – present and future perspectives
Keywords: Cardamom hill reserves, intensification, integration, pesticide consumption, strategies.
Abstract: Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton; Zingiberaceae) is one of India’s most export oriented spices. Insect pests and diseases are major threats to the sustainable cultivation of cardamom in India, and this crop alone consumes 26.21 kg a.i. ha–1 of pesticides per year. Shoot and capsule borers, thrips and root grubs are the major insect pests, and capsule rot, clump rot and leaf blight are the major diseases demanding more pesticides in the cardamom production system. The frequency of pesticide application in the system is nearly three times more than the recommended frequency. Various management strategies are advocated to reduce the load of pesticides and their residues. By considering the unique nature of the agroforestry system, varietal replacement, shade and nutrient management, exploitation of bioagents, organic initiatives, cultural and mechanical methods, biotechnological approaches, judicious application of synthetic chemicals and use of less toxic pesticides are the available employable strategies to minimize the pesticide load in the production system. Proper integration and adoption of these strategies by farmers are imperative.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Ravindran, P. N., Introduction. In Cardamom The genus Elettaria (eds Ravindran, P. N. and Madhusoodanan, K. J.), CRC Press, London, 2002, pp. 1–10. Murugan, M., Shetty, P. K., Ravi. R. and Subbiah, A., The physiological ecology of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.) in cardamom agroforest
Literature cited 2: Major spice state wise area and production 2022–23.pdf-Page; http://www.indianspices.com (accessed on 10 November 2023). Murugan, M., Josephrajkumar, A., Sainamolekurian, P., Ambikadevi, D., Vasanth Kumar, K. and Shetty, P. K., Critiques on the critical issues of cardamom cultivation in cardamom hill reserves, Kerala, India. Indian J. Arecanut, Spices Med. Plants, 2006, 8(4), 132−149

ID: 65818
Title: Bootstrapping quantum field theory: past, present and future
Author: B. Ananthanarayan and Aninda Sinha
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 887-893 25 April (2024)
Subject: Bootstrapping quantum field theory: past, present and future
Keywords: Bootstrap, causality, quantum field theory, S-matrix, unitarity.
Abstract: Quantum field theory was established about a hundred years ago and is the result of combining the principles of quantum mechanics and the special theory of relativity. Historically, some of the founding fathers were at high unease as intermediate calculations led to infinities. A different approach, sometimes called the analytic S-matrix or the bootstrap, relying on basic principles such as causality and unitarity, was put forward. A resurgence of these fields has taken place now since their power has not been tapped to the fullest, and are the most active fields of research in theoretical physics and spurring developments in computer algebra. In this article, after recalling the history of this field, we highlight some of the past and recent contributions from India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Flexner, A., The Usefulness of Useless Knowledge, Harpers Magazine Issue 179, June/November 1939, pp. 544–552. Wilson, K. G., The renormalization group and critical phenomena. Rev. Mod. Phys., 1983, 55, 583–600; doi:10.1103/RevModPhys. 55.583.
Literature cited 2: Weinzierl, S., Feynman Integrals, Springer Nature, Switzerland AG, 2022; ISBN 978-3-030-99557-7; https://www.springer.com/ series/13351 Eden, R. J., Landshoff, P. V., Olive, D. I. and Polkinghorne, J. C., The Analytic S-Matrix, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1966; ISBN 978-0-521-04869-9

ID: 65817
Title: A unique drinking behaviour of capped langur
Author: SSamrat Sengupta, Narayan Sharma
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 882-883 25 April (2024)
Subject: A unique drinking behaviour of capped langur
Keywords: None
Abstract: Tree-living comes with its own perils, and arboreal animals exhibit unique adaptations to deal with them. These adaptations have, in turn, enabled such animals to survive and persist in a challenging environment with reduced exposure to ground predation. Having evolved to an arboreal existence where access to standing water sources is usually limited1 , tree-living mammals depend on various behavioural strategies to fulfil their water needs. This includes actively ingesting water either in the free form (e.g. from rivers, streams, pools, tree holes or other anthropogenic sources2 ) or as pre-formed water through the consumption of water-containing plant parts (e.g., tender or succulent leaves, petioles and fruits; see Kempf 3 and reference therein). Only a few records exist of arboreal primates drinking water from tree holes under field conditions (Supplementary Material S1; available at https://figshare.com/s/c2c05d4533b5df09efb7).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ferrari, S. F., Biotropica, 1991, 23, 307– 308. Hillyer, A. P., Armstrong, R. and Korstjens, A. H., Primate Biol., 2015, 2, 21–24.
Literature cited 2: Kempf, E., Folia Primatol., 2009, 80, 275– 294. Milton, K., Am. Nat., 1979, 114, 362–378.

ID: 65816
Title: Could the microbial to host cell numbers in healthy multicellular organisms be following the golden ratio?
Author: Mayank Murali, Alka Gupta and Murali Gopal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 878-881 25 April (2024)
Subject: Could the microbial to host cell numbers in healthy multicellular organisms be following the golden ratio?
Keywords: None
Abstract: The co-evolution of microorganisms with multi cellular mega-organisms and the influence of the microbiome on the health of larger partners is a trending area in current research. The ratio of bacterial cells to human cells is an ongoing study in the field of human health. From 10 : 1, bacteria to human cell ratio, to 1 : 1 is the current information. However, after carefully perusing the emerging data of human and bacterial cells, we propose an out-of-box hypothesis of the golden ratio, 1.618, to be in the evolutionary cellular arrangements between the bacteria and human cells. If proved, it could pave way for better preparedness in managing human health using the microbiome, with the possibility of its spillover into plant health management too
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bordenstein, S. R. and Theis, K. R., PLoS Biol., 2015, 13(8), e1002226. Simon, J. C. et al., Microbiome, 2019, 7, 5; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0619-4
Literature cited 2: Sorbara, M. T. and Pamer, E. G., Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2022, 20, 365–380; https://doi. org/10.1038/s41579-021-00667-9 Qin, J. et al., Nature, 2010, 464, 59–67; PMID: 20203603.

ID: 65815
Title: Enhancing nutritional security and sustainable health through millets
Author: Suman Ray, Manish Mohan Gore, Ravi Roshan Kumar, Ayaan Husain and Rupali Sharma
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 874-875 25 April (2024)
Subject: Enhancing nutritional security and sustainable health through millets
Keywords: None
Abstract: Millets, a group of small-seeded grains belonging to the Poaceae family, gained global recognition with the declaration of 2023 as the International Year of Millets (IYM, 2023) by the United Nations General Assembly. With their exceptional nutritional composition and adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions, millets offer promising solutions to address malnutrition and enhance climate resilience in the agricultural sector. Several initiatives have been taken to increase millet consumption. Consequently, the market for millet-based products has seen a surge in entrepreneurship interest. To discuss and explore the key challenges of millet value and supply chain, an expert review meeting was held at CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIRNIScPR, New Delhi) as part of the ongoing other laboratory Project (NIScPR/OLP/0044) ‘Enhancing nutritional security and sustainable health through millets in India: a policy perspective.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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Literature cited 2:

ID: 65814
Title: Development-led transition to net zero
Author: R. B. Grover
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 867-868 25 April (2024)
Subject: Development-led transition to net zero
Keywords: None
Abstract: Having declared its intention to achieve an economy-wide net zero by 2070, India has to consider several perspectives. The first and foremost is the development perspective. India’s focus must be on a development-led transition rather than a transition-led development. This needs elaboration. In energy studies, researchers use several approaches to forecast energy demand. A simple top–down approach uses the correlation between the human development index (HDI) and per capita energy consumption. To become a developed country, India has to aspire to achieve an HDI of 0.9, as achieved by several countries comprising the G20. Looking at the correlation between HDI and per capita energy consumption, considering likely improvement in energy efficiency, electrification of end uses, and substitution of fossil fuels in several industries by electrified products, for example, hydrogen or its derivatives, one can build scenarios to forecast energy requirements in India. Based on such an exercise, we estimated that India will need about 15,600 TWh per annum of electricity for direct use, and the rest of the energy services must be provided by hydrogen or hydrogen derivatives. If all the needed hydrogen is produced by electrolysis, India will need another about 8400 TWh per annum. This number will come down to the extent that hydrogen or its derivatives are produced by other sources such as biomass, urban waste, high temperature nuclear reactors (when developed), etc. India would need about 24,000 TWh of electricity (Curr. Sci., 2022, 122(5), 517–527) to become a developed country and transition to net zero.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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Literature cited 2:

ID: 65813
Title: Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae as a chemical substitute for termite pest management in sugarcane
Author: D. Sudha Rani , K. Krishnamma and J. S. Rani
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 235-242 (2024)
Subject: Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae as a chemical substitute for termite pest management in sugarcane
Keywords: Chemical control, Entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium, Sugarcane, Termites
Abstract: Sugarcane is the most important cash crop with vast global market for sugar besides, by products and derivatives. The crop has occupied premeditated position in the world because of its massive uses in the day-to-day life and also for industrial uses intended at nutritional and economic sustenance. It endows raw material to major agro-based industries of our country, i.e., the sugar industry supports rural cottage industries to some extent (Sudha and Krishnamma, 2020). The average annual production of sugarcane is around 35.5 crore tonnes which is used to produce around 3 crore tonnes of sugar. In India sugarcane contributes about five per cent to the total value of agriculture output accounting 2.6 per cent of gross cropped area ( Rama Rao, 2020). Sugarcane accounted for about 639 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy during the financial year 2020 (Keelery, 2023). Sugarcane accounted for about 648 billion Indian rupees in the Indian economy during the financial year 2019-20 (Singh et al., 2022). In India sugarcane contributes 1.1 per cent to the national GDP, which is significant considering that the crop is grown only in 2.57 percent of the gross cropped area (Solomon, 2016). Andhra Pradesh state accounts nearly 8.4 per cent of total sugarcane production in our country, being cultivable in 85,994 ha with an out turn of 8,35,520 tonnes during the year 2020 (Sudha, 2022).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abbas, M.S.T.: Genetically engineered (modified) crops (Bacillus thuringiensis crops) and the world controversy on their safety. Egypt J. Biol. Pest Control., 28, 52 (2018). Andrew, C. Rath.: The use of entomopathogenic fungi for control of termites. Biocon. Sci. Technol., 10, 563-581 (2000).
Literature cited 2: Bhagawati, S., B. Badal, M. Himangshu and G. Dhanalakhi: Chemical management of termites (Odontotermes obesus) in preserved setts of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 5, 856-859 (2017). Bhattacharya, B., H. Mishra, D. Gogoi and S. Bhagawati: Management of termite in preserved setts of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) with microbes. Curr. Adv. Agric. Res. J., 6, 176-179 (2014).

ID: 65812
Title: Investigation on disease incidence, distribution and diversity of Begomoviruses infecting cucurbitaceous crops in North Bengal, India
Author: S. Tamang , S. Saha , D. Saha and A. Saha
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 226-234 (2024)
Subject: Investigation on disease incidence, distribution and diversity of Begomoviruses infecting cucurbitaceous crops in North Bengal, India
Keywords: Begomovirus,Cucurbitaceous crops, Disease incidence, North Bengal
Abstract: India is a vast country with a diverse agro climate, which makes it possible to grow a wide variety of crops and it is the second largest in the world in terms of crop production (Gulati et al., 2022). Indian agriculture sector contributes about 16.5% of total GDP and generates employment for 42.3% of the population in India. India is also rich in biodiversity of vegetables and is the primary/secondary center of origin of many vegetables (Gulati and Juneja, 2022). Vegetables are a key source of nutritional security in India, primarily due to high yield in a short time. Cucurbitaceous crops are rich source of nutrition and have several medicinal values. Different types of cucurbits are cultivated in India which account for 5.6 % of the total vegetable production (Rolnik and Olas, 2020). According to FAO, India produces 10.52 ton per ha of cucurbits which are grown on 4,290,000 ha of cropped area (Sharma, 2023). According to 2021-2022 census, West Bengal produces 344.674 metric tons of cucumber in 25.298 ha area and 356.213 metric tons of pumpkin in 21.772 ha area.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bandaranayake, W., W. Wickramarachchi, H. Wickramasinghe, R. Rajapakshe and D. Dissanayake: Molecular detection and characterization of begomoviruses associated with cucurbitaceae vegetables in Sri Lanka. J. Natn. Sci. Found. Sri Lanka., 42, 265- 271 (2014). Bragard, C., P. Caciagli, O. Lemaire, J.J. Lopezmoya, S. Macfarlane, D. Peters, P. Susi and L. Torrance: Status and prospects of plant virus control through interference with vector transmission. Annu. Rev. Phytol 51, 177-201 (2013)
Literature cited 2: Haible, D., S. Kober and H. Jeske: Rolling circle amplification revolutionizes diagnosis and genomics of geminiviruses. J. Virol. Methods., 135, 9-16 (2006). Inoue-Nagata, A.K., M.F. Lima and R.L. Gilbertson: A review of geminivirus diseases in vegetables and other crops in Brazil: current status and approaches for management. Hortic. Bras., 34, 8-18 (2016).

ID: 65811
Title: Effect of drought stress on grain quality of wheat and its mitigation through arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi
Author: B. Rani , M. Jatttan , Pooja, N. Kumari , J. Prashad , A. Kumari , K.D. Sharma and S. Madan
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 218-225 (2024)
Subject: Effect of drought stress on grain quality of wheat and its mitigation through arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi
Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Drought, Grain quality, Wheat
Abstract: Among the abiotic stresses, drought is most severe and frequent stress that hinders morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular processes and limits crop productivity as well as alters quality traits in many arid and semi-arid areas (Pooja et al., 2019, 2021). Such aberrations arising due to changing climate are likely to reduce the quality of grains and yield production. Wheat is a major global crop, cultivated on more than 200million ha land with more than 772 million tons of annual production in 2020- 2021. Wheat grains are enriched with various nutritional and health beneficial compounds like iron, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin and, more recently, folic acid and calcium (Slavin et al., 2000. In addition to yield production, wheat quality is central to the well-being. Historically, wheat breeding programs have focused on improving yield production, disease resistance, earlier maturity and wide adaptability (Zhang et al., 2005), but due to increasing market demand and food diversity, nowadays more priority is given to improve the grain quality (Wang et al., 2005c; Zhang et al., 2004b). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mycorrhizal symbionts that have potential to improve plant performance, change the plant–water relationship, and increase plant productivity under drought stress (Augé, 2001; Amer et al., 2023). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have many roles in various developmental processes in plants, especially in cereals. AM fungi have an effect on nutrient availability and uptake, increase the photosynthetic rate, improve antioxidant activities, and increase tolerance against environmental stress (Khan et al., 2022., Rani et al., 2018a). AMF, being a natural root symbiont, provides essential plant inorganic nutrients to host plants, thereby improving growth and yield under unstressed and stressed regimes (Li et al., 2019). The role of AMF as a bio-fertilizer can potentially strengthen plants' adaptability to changing environment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Amer, S.O., T. Aliat, D.E. Kucher, O.A., Bensaci and N.Y. Rebouh:: Investigating the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mitigating water deficit effects on Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Agriculture, 13, 552 (2023). the AOAC: Official Method of Analysis. 17 Edn., Inc., Maryland, USA (2000).
Literature cited 2: Auge, R.M.: Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza, 11, 3-42 (2001). Axford, D.W.E., E.E. Mc-Dermott and D.G. Redman: Note on SDS sedimentation test and bread making quality: Comparison with pelshenke and zeleny-tests. Cereal Chem., 56, 582-584 (1979).

ID: 65810
Title: Description of a new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema ramanai sp. n. from Kerala, India
Author: R. Pervez , S.J. Eapen and S. Devasahayam
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 210-217 (2024)
Subject: Description of a new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema ramanai sp. n. from Kerala, India
Keywords: Biocontrol, Morphology, Molecular characterization, Steinernema, Taxonomy
Abstract: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are effective biological control agents against a wide range of insect pests due to their wide host range, ease to handle, short life cycle and environmental safety (Ali et al., 2005a; Pervez et al., 2007; Pervez and Rao, 2021). These are symbiotically associated with bacteria Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus (Akhurst, 1982; Boemare, 2002; Pervez et al., 2020). Third stage infective juveniles penetrate into host’s body through natural openings and release the symbiotic bacteria that cause septicaemia and death of the insect (Shapiro and Mc Coy, 2000). They are being employed as biopesticides to combat a number of major insect pests around the world. As a result, the efficient application of entomopathogenic nematodes as biopesticides is dependent on the isolation of native species, which are adapted to local environment and climatic conditions, as well as accurate identification of these species (Ali et al., 2005b; Pervez et al., 2013; Pervez and Rao, 2018).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Akhurst, R.J.: Antibiotic activity of Xenorhabdus spp. bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae. J. Gen. Microbiol., 128, 3061-3065 (1982). Ali, S.S., A. Shaheen, R. Pervez and M.A. Hussain: Steinernema masoodi sp. n. and Steinernema seemae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Uttar Pradesh, India. Int. J. Nematol., 15, 89 - 99 (2005b).
Literature cited 2: Ali, S.S., R. Ahmad, M.A. Hussain and R. Pervez: Pest management through entomopathogenic nematodes. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, Amity Press Lucknow (UP), 59 pages (2005a). Banu, G.J., K. B. Nguyen and G. Rajendran: Occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in Kerala, India. Int. J. Nematol., 15, 9-16 (2005)

ID: 65809
Title: Energy budgeting and global warming potential of traditional rice production system in Eastern Ghats region of Odisha
Author: K. Beer , Ch. J. Dash , M. Madhu , P.P. Adhikary , U.K. Maurya , P. Jakhar , G.W. Barla and G.B. Naik
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 200-209 (2024)
Subject: Energy budgeting and global warming potential of traditional rice production system in Eastern Ghats region of Odisha
Keywords: Budgeting, Energy, Eastern Ghats, Green house gases, Global warming, Rice
Abstract: Global warming is much talked upon topic of this century throughout the globe. The causes of global warming are mostly attributed to emission of green house gases like carbon dioxide, th methane and nitrous oxide (Pathak et al., 2007) as per the 6 IPCC report annual assessment. It was reported that since 2011 (measurements reported in AR5), the concentrations of green house gases have continued to increase in the atmosphere, reaching annual average of 410 ppm for carbon dioxide, 1866 ppb for methane, and 332 ppb for nitrous oxide in 2019, respectively, (IPCC, 2021). Currently, the emission of green house gases and consumption of high energy requiring inputs in agriculture (nitrogen and fossil fuels) are two important issues and will remain critical in future as there is a great challenge to achieve food and nutritional security for the ever-growing population. The reports suggest that the annual emission of green house gases from agriculture is 5.1-6.1 Pg CO2 eq., contributing nearly 10-20% of the global green house gas emission (Smith et al., 2007). In future,with increase in the population, demand for food grain will increase, thereby the emission of green house gases will increase proportionately, which is a very challenging task (Gilbert,2011).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Adhikary, P.P., M. Madhu, C.J. Dash, D.C. Sahoo, P. Jakhar, B.S. Naik, H.C. Hombegowda, G.B. Naik and B. Dash: Prioritization of traditional tribal field crops based on RWUE in Koraput district of Odisha. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 14, 88-95 (2015). Bolinder, M.A., H.H. Janzen, E.G. Gregorich, D.A. Angers and B.A.J. Vanden: An approach for estimating net primary productivity and annual carbon inputs to soil for common agricultural crops in Canada. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 118, 29-42 (2007).
Literature cited 2: Choudhary V.K., S.P. Kumar and R. Bhagawati: Energy audit of rice production systems in different land forms in mid hills of Arunachal Pradesh. Oryza, 50, 140-145 (2013). Dash, Ch .J., P.P. Adhikary, M. Madhu, U.K. Maurya, P.K. Mishra and S. Mukhopadhyay: Geospatial assessment and physical characterization of terraced low land (Jhola land) in Eastern Ghats Highland of India. Ind. J. Soil Conserv., 47, 30-38 (2019a).

ID: 65808
Title: Hepatoprotective effect of Cassia auriculata extract against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats
Author: B.L. Aarthi and M. Sendhilvadivu
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 190-199 (2024)
Subject: Hepatoprotective effect of Cassia auriculata extract against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats
Keywords: : Albino rats, Cassia auriculata, Ethanol, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Alcoholism in India is indeed a significant concern and threat with far-reaching consequences. Alcohol is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally and in India. According to recent data published by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 3.3 million deaths every year occurs due to alcohol consumption and 5.1% of the global burden of disease is attributable to alcohol consumption (Eashwar et al., 2020). Excessive alcohol consumption for a prolonged time may lead to variety of sociomedical and public issues (Nowak and Relja, 2020). Ethanol is a primary constituent present in most of the alcoholic beverages. It is primarily metabolized in the liver by the action of cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme which has multiple isoenzymes and genetic polymorphisms. The important oxidative pathways include inducible CYP2E1 system which oxidizes alcohol and produces the toxic by product acetaldehyde (Jiang et al., 2020). Antioxidant defense system involves the antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase and catalase. These enzymes play an important role in eliminating reactive oxygen species and detoxify free radicals generated under normal physiological conditions (Ighodaro and Akinloye, 2018).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Barbosa, A., G.D. Silveira, I. de Menezes, J. Neto, J. Bitencurt, C.D. Estavam, A. de Lima, S.M. Thomazzi, A.G. Guimaraes and L.J. Quintans: Antidiabetic effect of the Chrysobalanus icaco L. aqueous extract in rats. J. Med. Food., 16, 538-543 (2013). Beauchamp, C and I. Fridovich: Superoxide dismutase: improved assays applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem., 44, 276 – 287 (1971).
Literature cited 2: Chen, H.W., C.S. Huang, C.C. Li, A.H. Lin, Y.J. Huang, T.S. Wang, H.T. Yao and C.K. Lii: Bioavailability of andrographolide and protection against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 280, 1-9 (2014). Chigurupati, H., B. Auddy, M. Biyani and S.J. Stohs: Hepatoprotective effects of a proprietary Glycyrrhizin product during alcohol consumption: A randomized, double- blind, placebo- controlled, crossover study. Phytother. Res., 30, 1943- 1953 (2016).

ID: 65807
Title: Identification of soil properties influencing primary productivity of fish ponds under red and lateritic soil zones
Author: A. Banerjee and G.N. Chattopadhyay
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 182-189 (2024)
Subject: Identification of soil properties influencing primary productivity of fish ponds under red and lateritic soil zones
Keywords: Fish ponds, Minimum data set, Productivity attributes, Red and lateritic soil zones, Soil factors
Abstract: Role of bottom soils in influencing the environment and productivity of various pond fish culture systems are well documented. Not only this phase helps in gradual release of different nutrients to available forms for the benefit of primary fish food organisms and, in turn, the growth of fishes but it also helps to maintain a favorable pond environment through various biochemical reactions occurring in these aquatic ecosystems (Adhikari, 2011; Boyd, 2012; Vass et al., 2015). Considering the importance of bottom soils on productivity of fish ponds, Hickling (1971) designated this phase as the “Chemical laboratory of a fish pond”. Basic properties of a soil group being largely different from the other ones, the fish ponds situated under a particular soil zone are likely to exhibit some specific characters of soil and water environment, which may be reflected in their biological productivity levels also. Considering this fact, Boyd et al. (2002), while discussing different aspects of aquaculture pond bottom soil management, suggested that the location specific soil deficiencies should be identified and treated while undertaking new fish culture programmes in any fish pond. Similar importance of soil system based pond management by taking into account the major productivity attributing soil factors for any particular soil condition has been discussed by Banerjee et al. (2010) and Chattopadhyay (2018).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Adhikari, S.: Soil and water quality management in aquaculture. In: Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. ICAR, New Delhi, pp. 591-622 (2011). Banerjee, A.,G.N.Chattopadhyay and C.E. Boyd: Determination of critical limits of soil nutrients for use in optimizing fertilizer rates for fish ponds inred,lateritic soil zones. Aqua.Engin.,40,144-148(2009).
Literature cited 2: Banerjee, A. and G.N. Chattopadhyay: Effect of submergence on lime requirement of acidic fish pond soils. Bangladesh J. Agric. Environ., 5, 1-9 (2009a) Banerjee, A., G.N. Chattopadhyay and C.E. Boyd: Soil system-based approach: a tool for fish pond fertilization. Better Crops Int., 94, 22- 24 (2010).

ID: 65806
Title: Assessment of water quality of Kot Dam, Rajasthan, India, using water quality indexAssessment of water quality of Kot Dam, Rajasthan, India, using water quality index
Author: R.R. Singodia , N.K. Nirmal and P.J. John
Editor: Dr.Sumati Gaumat
Year: 2024
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Journal of Environmental Biology Vol. 45 (2) 171-181 (2024)
Subject: Assessment of water quality of Kot Dam, Rajasthan, India, using water quality index
Keywords: Anthropogenic activities, Bray-Curtis Similarity Index, Dendrogram, Kot dam, Water quality
Abstract: A dam is a wall-like construction placed over a stream or river to stop water flow through the surrounding area. It is a crucial part of India's energy and water security since it offers a variety of advantages, including irrigation, drinking water supply, flood control, hydropower generation, and recreation (Bassi, 2022). According to Zielinski et al. (2022) Central Water Commission, India has more than 5,000 major dams, which collectively produce 13% of the nation's total energy and nearly 18% of its total capacity for water storage. Natural and human factors impact the quality and composition of dam water (Peters et al., 2000).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: APHA: Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 23 Edn., APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington DC, USA (2017). Backman, B., D. Bodiš, P. Lahermo, S. Rapant and T. Tarvainen: Application of a groundwater contamination index in Finland and Slovakia. Environ. Geol., 36, 55-64 (1998).
Literature cited 2: Bassi, N.: Climate Risk adaptation and mitigation in India: Role of reservoirs and hydropower. Water Energy Int., 65, 11–13 (2022). Brauman, K.A.: Hydrologic ecosystem services: linking ecohydrologic processes to human well‐being in water research and watershed management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 2, 345–358 (2015).