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ID: 63247
Title: Distribution of coloured dissolved and detrital organic matter in optically complex waters of Chilika lagoon, Odisha, India, using hyperspectral data of AVIRIS -NG
Author: Arvind Sahay, Anurag Gupta, Gunjan Motwani, Mini Raman, Syed Soosa Ali, Meghal Shah, Shard Chander, Pradipta R. Muduli and R.N. Samal.
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1166-1171 (2019)
Subject: Distribution of coloured dissolved and detrital organic matter in optically complex waters of Chilika lagoon, Odisha, India
Keywords: Dissolved oganic matter, hyperspectral data, lagoon, optically complex waters
Abstract: Coloured dissolved and detrital matter (CDM) forms a significant fraction of the total dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water bodies. It absorbs light strongly in the ultraviolet and blue domains of the electromagenetic spectrum. The present study maps CDM absorption of the entire Chilika lagoon, Odisha, India (an optically complex water body) using hyper–spectral data which use SWIR bands for the estimation of remote sensing reflectance in highly turbid waters of Chilika lagoon (northern sector, which otherwise is masked using standard atmospheric correction schemes).During 24-27 December 2015, we have collected in situ bio-optical data over waters of Chilika lagoon, for studying the distribution of CDM. AVIRIS-NG data have also been acquired synchronous to in situ measurements over the study area.CDM absorption coefficient is retrieved using quasi analytical algorithm and the distribution of CDM is discussed in detail in three different sectors of Chilika lagoon ( southern, central, northern) and at the outer channel. The variability of CDM absorption at 412 nm shows that in the north sector of Chilika lagoon, CDM absorption is quite high compared to other sectors (5.5 m-1 with a standard deviation of 0.06 m-1).In the southern sector and at the outer channel it is 1.8 m-1 with a standard deviation of 0.02 m-1 and in the central sector it is 3.76 m-1 with a standard deviation of 0.22 m-1.High CDM in the northern sector is attributed to the inflow of terrestrial organic matter. The advantage of hyperspectral data is that it gives CDM absorption contiguous in the range of 375-425 nm, where the absorption by CDM is strong and away from chlorophyll-a absorption.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Markager, S. and Vincent, W.F., Spectral light attenuation and the absorption of UV and blue light in natural waters.Limnol.Ocean-org., 2000, 45, 642-650. Brando, V.E. and Dekker, A.G., Satellite hyperspectral remote sensing for estimating estuarine and coastal water quality.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing, 2003, 41, 1378-1387.
Literature cited 2: Menon, H.B. ,Sangekar,N.P., Lotliker,A.A.and Venthamony,P., Dynamics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Mandovi and Zuari estuaries-a study through in situ and satellite data. ISPRSJ, Photogramm. Remote Sensing, 2011, 66, 545-552. Watanabe, F., Mishra, D.R., Astuti, I., Rodrigues, T., Alcantara, E., Imai, N.N. and Barbosa, C., Parameterization and calibration of a quasi-analytical algorithm for tropical eutrophic waters. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sensing, 2016, 121, 28-47.

ID: 63246
Title: Coastal sediment dynamics, ecology and detection of coral reef macro algae from AVIRIS-NG
Author: R. Ratheesh, Nandini Ray Chaudhury, Preeti Rajput, Mohit Arora, Ashwin Gujrati, S.V.V. Arunkumar, Ateeth Shetty, Rakesh Baral, Rakesh Patel, Devanshi Joshi, Harshad Patel, Bharat Pathak, K.S. Jayappa, R.N. Samal and A.S.Rajawat
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1157-1165 (2019)
Subject: Coastal sediment dynamics, ecology and detection of coral reef macro algae from AVIRIS-NG
Keywords: Brown macroalgae, coastal regions, suspended sediment properties, submerged seagrass.
Abstract: This article highlights major scientific outcomes of the studies carried out using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) airborne data over the coastal regions of Mangaluru, Gulf of Kachchh (GoK) and Chilika lagoon. Various hyper spectral remote sensing techniques involving bio-optical models and spectral classification algorithms are used to achieve different objectives related to coastal ecosystem monitoring. AVIRIS-NG airborne data are used to estimate particle size of suspended solids along the coastal waters of Mangaluru using an analytical optical model. The spatial distribution of particle size of the suspended solids in the coastal waters is brought out, while along the coastal land of Mangaluru , the beaches are classified based on uniform sediment characteristics using spectral matching algorithm. AVIRIS-NG data for Pirotan reef in GoK is analysed and species-level identification of the dominant brown macroalgae is mapped and used to study the microhabitat preference of different species. At Chilika lagoon, the AVIRIS-NG data are analysed to map the abundance of submerged seagrass using bio-optical model, which provides vital information to the coastal management community. The study asserts the importance of hyperspectral data and various advanced data analysis techniques related to the estimation of geophysical parameters of the coastal waters and monitoring the vital coastal ecosystems.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Goetz, A.F.H., Three decades of hyperspectral remote sensing of the Earth: a personal view. Remote Sensing Environ., 2009, 119. S5-S16. Reynolds, R.A., Stramski, D., Wright, V.M .and Wozniak, S.B., Measurements and characterization of particle size distribution in coastal waters. J. Geophys. Res., 2010, 115, C08024.
Literature cited 2: Zhang, Y., Huang, Z., Chen, C., He, Y. And Jiang, T., Particle size distribution of river-suspended sediments determined by in situ measured remote-sensing reflectance. Appl. Opt., 2015, 54, 6367-6376. Manzo, C., Valentini, E., Taramelli, A., Filipponi, F. and Disperati, Spectral characterization of coastal sediments using field spectral libraries, airborne hyperspectral images and topographic LiDAR data (FHyL).Int.J.Appl.Earth Obs., 2015, 36, 54-68.

ID: 63245
Title: Potential of airborne hyperspectral data for geo-exploration over parts of different geological/metallogenic provinces in India based on AVIRIS-NG observations
Author: Satadru Bhattacharya,Hrishikesh Kumar, Arindam Guha, Aditya K.Dagar,Sumit Pathak, Komal Rani (Pasricha), S.Mondl K.Vinod Kumar, William Farrand,Snehamoy Chatterjee ,S.Ravi, A.K.Sharma and A.S.Rajawat
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1143-1156 (2019)
Subject: Potential of airborne hyperspectral data for geo-exploration over parts of different geological/metallogenic provinces in India based on AVIRIS-NG observations
Keywords: Data, geological provinces, host rocks, hyperspectral, mineral deposits.
Abstract: In this article, we discuss the potential of airborne hyperspectral data in mapping host rocks of mineral deposits and surface signatures of mineralization using AVIRIS-NG data of a few important geological provinces in India. We present the initial results from the study sites covering parts of northwest India, as well as the Sittampundi Layered Complex (SLC) of Tamil Nadu and the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field (WKF) of Andhra Pradesh from southern India. Modified spectral summary parameters, originally designed for MRO-CRISM data analysis, have been implemented on AVIRIS-NG mosaic of Jahazpur, Rajasthan for the automatic detection of phyllosilicates, carbonates and Fe-Mg-silicates. Spectral analysis over Ambaji and the surrounding area indicates the presence of calcite across much of the study area with kaolinite occurring as well in the north and east of the study area. The deepest absorption features at around 2.20 and 2.32 μm and integrated band depth were used to identify and map the spatial distribution of phyllosilicates and carbonates. Suitable thresholds of band depths were applied to map prospective zones for marble exploration. The data over SLC showed potential of AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data in detecting mafic cumulates and chromities. We also have demonstrated the potential of AVIRIS-NG data in detecting kimberlite pipe exposures in parts of WKF.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Goetz, A.F.H., Three decades of hyperspectral remote sensing of the Earth: a personal view. Remote Sensing Environ., doi: 10, 1016/j.res.2007.12.014. Goetz A.F., Vane G. Solomon J.E. and Rock B.N., Imaging spectrometry for Earth remote sensing. Sciene, 1985, 228, 4704, 1147-1153.
Literature cited 2: Clark, R.N., King, T.V.V., Kljwa, M. and Swayze, G.A., High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals.JGR, 1990, 95, 12653-12680. Pieters, C.M., et al., Character and spatial distribution of OH/H20 on the surface of the Moon seen by Chandrayaan-1.Science, 2009, 326; doi: 10.1126/science.1178658.

ID: 63244
Title: Mangrove species discrimination and health assessment using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data
Author: Nilima R. Chaube, Nikhil Lele, Arundhati Misra, T.V.R.Murthy, Sudip Manna Sugata Hazra, Muktipada Panda and R.N. Samal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1136-1142 (2019)
Subject: Mangrove species discrimination and health assessment using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data
Keywords: Coastal forest management, health assessment, hyperspectral data, mangrove species
Abstract: Mangrove play a major role in supporting biodiversity, providing economic and ecological security to the coastal communities, mitigating the effects of climate change and global warming. Species level classification of mangrove forest, understanding physical as well as chemical properties of mangrove vegetation, mangrove health, pigments, and levels of stress are some of the key issues for making scientific and management decisions. Hyperspectral remote sensing owing to its narrow bands, yield information on structural details and canopy parameters. Hyperspectral data over Sundarban and Bhitakanika mangrove forests are analyzed for species discrimination and forest health assessment. In all, 15 mangrove species in Sundarban and 7 mangrove species in Bhitarkanika have been identified and classified using Spectral Angle Mapper technique. In-situ spectro-radiometer data has been used along with AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data. Based on response of vegetation in blue, red and near-infrared regions, combination of vegetation indices are used to assess mangrove forest’s health. Reduction in NIR reflectance with shift towards lower wavelength has been observed in less healthy groups.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Huxham, M., Dencer-Brown, A., Diele, K., Kathiresan, K., Nagelkerken,I. And Wanjiru,C., Mangroves and people: local ecosystem services in a changing climate. In Mangrove Ecosystems: a Global Biogeographic Perspective, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2017, pp.245-274. Odum, J.C, McIovor, C.C. and Smith, T.J., The ecology of mangroves of South Florida: a community profile, US Fish and Wildlife Service/Office of Biological Services, FWS/OBS 81/24, January 1982, pp.1-156; http: // www.nwrc.usgs.gov/techrpt/81-24.pdf.
Literature cited 2: Valiela, I., Bowen, J.L. and York, J.K., Mangrove forests: on e of the world’s threatened major tropical environments. BioScience, 2001, 51, 807-815. Gilman, E.L., Ellison, J., Duke, N.C. and Field, C., Threats to mangroves from climate change and adaptation options: a review. Aquat. Bot., 2008, 89 (2), 237-250.

ID: 63243
Title: Characterization of species diversity and forest health using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral remote sensing data
Author: C.S. Jha, Rakesh, J.Singhal, C.S.Reddy, G. Rajashekar, S.Maity, C.Patnaik, Anup Das, Arundhati Misra, C.P.Singh, Jakesh Mohapatra, N.S.R. Krishnayya, Sandhya Kiran, Phil Townsend and Margarita Huesca Martinez
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1124-1135 (2019)
Subject: Characterization of species diversity and forest health using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral remote sensing data
Keywords: Airborne sensors, forest health, hyperspectral imaging, species diversity.
Abstract: Species diversity and vegetation health are two critical components to be monitored for sustainable forest management and conservation of biodiversity. The present study characterizes species dominance and α-diversity of a forest for the selected region in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary (MWS), Western Ghats, which represents one of the most economically important forest types in India-the tropical dry deciduous forest. NASA’s Next-Generation Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) data at spectral resolution of 5 nm and spatial resolution of 5 m were used to analyse the forest matrix. Biodiversity (α-diversity) map thus generated from airborne platform over 14.5 sq.km area mostly represents the forest tree species diversity. Dominant tree species in the study area were also mapped using AVIRIS Data for 21.7 sq.km .Canopy emergent dominant species, viz. Anogeissus latifolia, Tectona grandis, Terminalia alata, Grewia tiliifolia, Syzygium cumini and Shorea roxburghii were classified using spectral angle mapper technique and image-based spectra in the MWS study site. The study shows that nearly 40 % area is dominated by A. latifolia and 27.5 % by T. grandis in the study site. This study concludes that AVIRIS data can be used in the delineation of species and α-diversity mapping at community level; however, the accuracy achieved for species classification is moderate (60%) due to intermixing of species in the study area. For the Shimoga study site in Karnataka, the field spectra were collected using a spectroradiometer and used for the classification for the three dominant tree species using absorption peak decomposition technique. Field collected pure spectra were analysed and species-wise absorption peaks (Gaussian) with central wavelength, peak amplitude and dispersion were used as the endmembers for classification. AVIRIS-NG data over Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) study site used for fuel load estimation with narrow band indices calculated from AVIRIS-NG datasets. AVIRIS-NG data for MWS and Shimoga study site were collected during 2 and 5 January 2016, while for SWS site data were collected on 8 February 2016.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Reddy, C.S., Jha, C.S., Diwakar, P.G. and Dadhwal, V.K., Nationwide classification of forest types of India using remote sensing and GIS.Environ.Monit.Assess., 2015,187, 777. Reddy, C.S., et al. Quantification and monitoring of deforestation in India over eight decades (1930-2013).Biodivers.Conserv. 2016, 25, 93-116.
Literature cited 2: Hansen, M.C. et al., Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 2008, 105, 9439-9444. Clark, M.L. and Roberts, D.A., Species-level differences in hyperspectral metrics among tropical rainforest trees as determined by a tree-based classifier.Remote Sensing, 2012, 4, 1820-1855.

ID: 63242
Title: Crop type discrimination and health assessment using hyperspectral imaging
Author: Rahul Nigam, Rojalin Tripathy, Sujay Dutta, Nita Bhagia, Rohit Nagori, K. Chandrasekar, Rajsi Kot, Bimal K. Bhattacharya and Susan Ustin
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1108-1123 (2019)
Subject: Crop type discrimination and health assessment using hyperspectral imaging
Keywords: Assessment, biotic and abiotic stress, crop classification, health, hyperspectral imaging
Abstract: Advancements in hyper spectral remote sensing technology have opened new avenues to explore innovative ways to map crops in terms of area and health. To study precise mapping of agriculture and horticulture crops along with biophysical and biochemical constituents at field scale, an airborne AVISRIS-NG hyperspectral imaging has been conducted in various agro-climatic regions representing diverse agricultural types of India. Crop classification with available and developed algorithms has been applied over homogeneous and heterogeneous agriculture and horticulture cropped areas. The spectral angle mapper and maximum likelihood algorithms showed classification accuracy of 77 %-94 % for AVIRI-NG and 42 %-55% for LISS IV. The customized deep neural network and maximum noise function (MNF)-based classification schemes showed an accuracy of 93% and 86 % for mapping of agriculture and horticulture crops respectively. The forward and inversion of canopy radiative transfer model protocol was developed for retrieval of crop parameters such as leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content (Cab) using AVIRIS-NG narrow bands. The retrieved LAI and Cab showed 19 %-27 % and 23 %29% deviation from measured mean for homogeneous and heterogeneous agricultural areas respectively. Red edge position index-based empirical model and multivariate linear regression of multiple indices showed maximum correlation of 0.62 and 0.93 respectively, to map leaf nitrogen content. Water condition index was developed using vegetation and water indices to distinguish crop-water abiotic stress. Wheat yellow rust disease has been identified at field scale using absorption band depth analysis at 662-702 and 2155-2175nm, and further applied to AVIRIS-NG data to detect biotic stress at spatial scale. This study establishes that such minor crops and generate health indicators to distinguish biotic and abiotic stresses at field scale.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Thenkabail, P.S., Enclona, E.A., Ashton, M.S., and Van Der Meer, V., Accuracy assessments of hyperspectral waveband performance for vegetation analysis applications. Remote Sensing Environ. 2004, 91, 354-376. Meerdink, S.K. et al., Linking seasonal foliar traits to VSWIR –TIR spectroscopy across California ecosystems. Remote Sensing Environ., 2016, 186, 322-338.
Literature cited 2: Gitelson, A., In Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation (eds Thenkabail, P.S., Lyon, G.J., and Huete, A.), CRC Press-Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2011, pp.141-166. Ozdogan, M.and Woodcock, C.E., Resolution dependent error in remote sensing of cultivated areas. Remote Sensing Environ., 2006, 103, 203-217.

ID: 63241
Title: An empirical comparison of calibration and validation methodologies for airborne imaging spectroscopy
Author: K.N. Babu, A.K. Mathur, David R. Thomson, Robert O.Green, Piyushkumar N.Patel, R.P.Prajapati, Brian D.Bue, Sven Geier, Michael L. Eastwood and Mark C. Helmlinger
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1101-1107 (2019)
Subject: An empirical comparison of calibration and validation methodologies for airborne imaging spectroscopy
Keywords: Hyperspectral measurements, radiative transfer, reflectance, vicarious calibration
Abstract: To date, a large number of existing applications in India have used multi-band observations from airborne and spaceborne platforms. New sensors are providing additional capabilities thanks to special aerial missions with the compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI), the short-wave infrared (SWIR) full spectrum imager (SFSI) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’S) Next Generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS –NG) .Opportunities to exploit quantitative spectroscopic signatures and high spatial resolution have garnered great interest among the scientific community , and success of these missions will rely on accurate calibration. Here we focus on a vicarious calibration experiment conducted for the AVIRIS –NG India campaign. We discuss initial validation results, with descriptions of in situ and remote calibration and measurement protocols, geometric processing with precise position and attitude data, and atmospheric simulations used to validate the remote measurement. A partnership between Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and NASA investigators proved a unique opportunity to assess the empirical variability in results, indicating their sensitivity to modelling choices and assumptions. The vicarious calibration exercise use multiple raditive transfer models, including MODTRAN 6.0 and a new version of the 6S radiative transfer code, viz.6SV2.1, which is capable of accounting for polarization.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Naughton, D. Et al., Absolute radiometric calibration of the rapid eye multispectral imager using the reflectance –based vicarious calibration method.J.Appl.Remote Sensing, 2011, 5 (1), 053544; https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3613950. Slater, P.N. et al.., Reflectance-based and radiance-based methods for the in-flight absolute calibration of multispectral sensors. Remote Sensing Environ., 1987, 22, 11-37.
Literature cited 2: Thome, K.J., Absolute radiometric calibration of Landsat 7 ETM+ using the reflectance-based method. Remote Sensing Environ. 2001, 78, 27-38. Thome, K.J., Arai, K., Tsuchida, S. and Biggar, S.F., Vicarious calibration of ASTER via the reflectance-based approach.IEEE Trans.Geosci.Remote Sensing, 2008, 46, 3285-3295.

ID: 63240
Title: Retrieval of atmospheric parameters and data-processing algorithms for AVIRIS-NG Indian campaign data
Author: Manoj K.Mishra, Anurag Gupta, Jinya John, Bipasha P.Shukla, Philip Dennison, S.S. Srivastava, Nitesh K.Kaushik, Arundhati Misra and D. Dhar.
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1089-1100 (2019)
Subject: Retrieval of atmospheric parameters and data-processing algorithms for AVIRIS-NG Indian campaign data
Keywords: Aerosol, atmospheric correction, hyperspectral imaging, surface reflectance, water vapour.
Abstract: Applications of high-spatial resolution imaging spectrometer data acquired from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) under India campaign 2015-16, require a through compensation for atmospheric absorption and scattering. The data-processing algorithms used for retrieving critically important atmospheric parameters, namely ‘water vapour and aerosol optical depth (AOD)’ over land and water surfaces are presented. Over land surfaces, the dark dense vegetation method and radiative transfer modelling are used for deriving spectral AOD for boxes of 20 x 20 pixels. For AOD retrieval over water surfaces, dark-target approximation is used with near-infrared and short-wave infrared measurements. Estimation of precipitable water vapour is carried out using short-wave hyper spectral measurements for each pixel. A differential absorption technique (continuum interpolated band ratio) has been used for this purpose. The retrieved AOD and water vapour values were compared with in situ sun-photometer and radiosonde data respectively, indicating good matches. Further, these parameters were used to derive ‘atmospherically corrected surface reflectance and remote sensing reflectance’, for land and water surface respectively, assuming horizontal surface having Lambertian reflectance.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Vane G., Green, R.O., Chrien, T.G., Enmark, H.T., Hansen, E.G. and Porter, W.M., The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) Remote sensing Environ. 1993, 44 (2-3), 127-143; doi: 10.1016/S0034-4257 (93) 90012-M. Green, R.O., et al., Imaging spectroscopy and the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS).Remote Sensing Environ., 1998, 65 (3), 227-248; doi: 10.1016/SOO34-4257 (98) 0064-9.
Literature cited 2: Hamlin, L. Green, R.O., Mouroulis,P., Eastwood,M., Wilson,D., Dudik,M. and Paine,C., Imaging spectrometer science measurements for terrestrial ecology:AVIRIS and new developments. In IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceeding.2011.pp.1-7; http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2011.5747395. Gao, B.C., and Goetz, A.F., Column atmospheric water vapour and vegetation liquid water retrievals from airborne imaging spectrometer data.J.Geophys.Res.-Atmos., 1990, 95 (D4), 3549-3564.

ID: 63239
Title: An overview of AVIRIS-NG airborne hyperspectral science campaign over India
Author: Bimal K.Bhattacharya, Robert O. Green, Sadasiva Rao, M. Saxena, Shweta Sharma, K. Ajay Kumar, P,. Srinivasulu, Shashikant Sharma, D. Dhar, S.Bandopadhyaya, Shantanu Bhatwadekar and Raj Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1082-1088 (2019)
Subject: An overview of AVIRIS-NG airborne hyperspectral science campaign over India
Keywords: Airborne science campaign, hyperspectral sensing, Imaging spectrometer, surface reflectance.
Abstract: The first phase of an airborne science campaign has been carried out with the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) imaging spectrometer over 22,840 sq.km across 57 sites in India during 84 from 16 December 2015 to 6 March 2016.This campaign was organized under the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) joint initiative for Hyper Spectral Imaging (HYSI) programme. To support the campaign, synchronous field campaigns and ground measurements were also carried out over these sites spanning themes related to crop, soil, forest, geology, coastal, ocean, river water, snow, urban, etc. AVIRIS-NG measures he spectral range from 380 to 2510 nm at 5 nm sampling with a ground sampling distance ranging from 4 to 8 m and flight altitude of 4-8 km. On-board and ground-based calibration and processing were carried out to generate level 0 (L0) level (L1) products respectively. An atmospheric correction scheme has been developed to convert the measured radiances to surface reflectance (level 2). These spectroscopic signatures are intended to discriminate surface types and retrieve physical and compositional parameters for the study of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric properties. The results from this campaign will support a range of objectives, including demonstration of advanced applications for societal benefits, validation of models/techniques, development of state-of-the-art spectral libraries, testing and refinement of automated tools for users, and definition of requirements for future space-based missions that can provide this class of measurements routinely for a range of important applications.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhattacharya,B.K.and Chattopadhyay,C., A multi-stage tracking for mustard rot disease combining surface meteorology and satellite remote sensing.Comput.Electron.Agric., 2013, 90, 35-44. Bhattacharya,S., Majumdar,T.J., Rajawat,A.S., Panigrahy,M. K. And Das, P.TR., Utilization of Hyperion data over Dongargarh,India, for mapping altered /weathered and clay minerals along with field spectral measurements.Int.J. Remote Sensing, 2012, 33 (17), 5438-5450.
Literature cited 2: Ramakrishnan, D., and Bharti, R., Hyperspectral remote sensing and geological applications. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108 (5), 879-891. Sahoo, R.N., Ray, S.S. and Manjunath, K.R., Hyperspectral remote sensing of agriculture. Curr. Sci., 2015, 108 (5), 848-859.

ID: 63238
Title: ISRO-NASA Airborne Hyperspectral campaign
Author: Raj Kumar and Robert O. Green
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1081-1081 (2019)
Subject: ISRO-NASA Airborne Hyperspectral campaign
Keywords: ISRO-NASA, Airborne Hyperspectral campaign
Abstract: Imaging spectroscopy offers observations in spectrally continuous bands in different electromagnetic wavelength regions to detect and quantify physical and compositional traits or attributes of an object. Phase-1 airborne imaging spectroscopy data were acquired through hyperspectral campaign with NASA’s AVIRIS-NG imaging spectrometer on-board ISRO’s B-200 aircraft. This airborne campaign was conducted over 57 sites in India covering 22, 840 km2 area during a period of 84 days, viz. 16 December 2015 to 6 March, under the ambit of ISRO –NASA joint initiative for HY per Spectral Imaging (HYSI) programme.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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Literature cited 2:

ID: 63237
Title: Possibility of hydrological connectivity between Manasarovar Lake and Gangotri Glacier
Author: S.P.Rai, D.Singh, R.Saini, D.S.Rathore, S.Kumar, S.K.Jain and N.Pant.
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1062-1067 (2019)
Subject: Possibility of hydrological connectivity between Manasarovar Lake and Gangotri Glacier
Keywords: Ganga River, Gangotri Glacier, Manasarovar Lake, satellite data, Stable isotope
Abstract: Considering the hydrological and religious significance of the Ganga River and the Manasarovar Lake in India, the present study has been devised to investigate the data related to the place of the origin of the Ganges and to investigate the likely connection between waters of the two systems. Satellite data was employed to develop maps and find out the possibility of surface connectivity, whereas isotopic and chemical data, obtained from the field samplings and the published research literatures were used to investigate the possibility of subsurface connectivity of the Gangotri Glacier water with that of the Manasarovar Lake. Topographically, both the water systems are located in different catchment zones, separated by high mountain ridges; rejecting any possibility for the surface connectivity. Similarly; there are significant variations in isotopic and physiochemical properties of the water, suggesting no possibility of surface or sub-surface connectivity between water of the two systems.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Thenkbail, P.S., Schull, M. and Turral, H., Ganges and Indus river basin land use/land cover (LULC) and irrigated area mapping using continuous streams of MODIS data. Remote Sensing Environ. 2005, 95 (3), 17-341. Syed, T.H., Webster, P.J. and Famiglietti, J.S., Assessing variability of evapotranspitation over the Ganga river basin using water balance computations. Water resour.Res. 2014, 50 (3), 2551-2565.
Literature cited 2: Khullar, D.R., India: A Comprehensive Geography, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 2009, 3rd edn, p.1086. Colebrook, H.T., Source of the Ganges in Himadri or Emodus.1810 (accessed on 31 July 2016); http://pahar.in/wpfb-file/1810-survey-for-discovering-sources-of-the-ganges-by-raper-from-arv11-s-pdf/.

ID: 63236
Title: Is the pine island glacier, Antarctica calving triggered by earthquakes and tsunamis?
Author: Simone Darji, Rajesh Shah, Sandip Oza, I.M.Bahuguna
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1057-1059 (2019)
Subject: Is the pine island glacier, Antarctica calving triggered by earthquakes and tsunamis?
Keywords: Pine Island glacier, Antarctica calving, earthquakes and tsunamis
Abstract: Iceberg calving event is one of the main processes that remove mass from ice shelves. The large iceberg calving events are part of the natural cycle, where the frontal portion exceeds beyond its embayment wall and then results into retreat, this process is known as iceberg calving. The calving events are necessary to maintain the mass balance of the ice sheet, which are more frequent in response to atmosphere and ocean warming. Iceberg calving from ice shelves and glacier tongues might be caused by the impact of ocean waves of various types. The isolation of icebergs will take place when several fractures near the frontal portion penetrate the entire ice shelf thickness .Ice berg calving needs to be monitored as it removes large amounts of mass very quickly.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bassis, J.N. et al., J. Glaciol., 2007, 183 (5), 523-536. Brunt, K.M., Okal, E.A., and MacAyeal, D.R., J., Glaciol. 2011, 57 (205), 785-788.
Literature cited 2: Benn, D.I., Nicholas Hulton, R.J., and Mottram, R.H., Ann.Glaciol. 2007, 46, 123-130. Holdsworth, G.and Glynn, J.E., Nature, 1978, 24 (5670), 464-466.

ID: 63235
Title: Waste management, carbon economy and white biotechnology: prospects and challenges
Author: Nilakshi Gohain and Durlav Narayan Singha
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (7) 1054-1054 (2019)
Subject: Waste management, carbon economy and white biotechnology: prospects and challenges
Keywords: Waste management, carbon economy, White biotechnology, prospects, challenges
Abstract: Waste management through implementation of ‘White biotechnology’ and ‘carbon economy’ has significantly contributed to the reduction of green house gas emissions and growth of waste biomass-based economy. The global impacts of adaptation of these concepts have actually caused increased awareness for safer disposal of waste without land filling. Although India is among the leading countries that promote white biotechnology and carbon economy, waste management has not been well addressed in terms of bioconversion of waste into products. It is important to delve deep into the basics of these concepts and analyze the scope of applications.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: www.global –warming –forecasts.com/methane-carbon-dioxide.php (accessed on 17 September 2018). www.epa.gov/solidwaste/nonhaz/municipal/landfill/msw_regs.htm (accessed on 17 September 2018).
Literature cited 2: Monte, M.C., Fuente,E., Blanco,A. And Negro, C., Waste Manage. 2009, 29 (1), 293-308. Testa, F., Daddi, T., Giacomoa, M.R.D., Iraldoa, F., and Frey, M., J.Clean.Prod. 2014, 64, 91-97.

ID: 63234
Title: Challenges of hill farming due to crop-raiding by wild pigs in the Indian Himalayan region
Author: Latika Pandey, Ayyanadar Arunachalam and Namita Joshi
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (6) 1015-1019 (2019)
Subject: Challenges of hill farming due to crop-raiding by wild pigs in the Indian Himalayan region
Keywords: Agriculture, crop raiding, Himalayas, wild pig.
Abstract: The human societies living in the Himalayas are traditionally known for their symbiotic relationship with their surrounding ecosystem. With changing time and climatic conditions, this relationship is also transforming. One of the crucial examples of this transformation is the interaction between human and wild animals, that a few of the Himalayan villages have moved from ‘co-sustenance’ to ‘conflict’. The Agri based villages situated adjoining the forest area are experiencing recurrent incidences of crop raiding by wild pigs. These raidings have emerged out as a noticeable threat to the existing agrobiodiversity of the area. Hence, plausible solutions to keep away the crop raiders with special emphasis on the wild pigs are the need of the hour.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sam, M. K., Danquah, E., Oppong, S. K. and Ashie, E. A., Nature and extent of human–elephant conflict in Bia Conservation Area, Ghana. Pachyderm, 2004, 49–58. Chauhan, N. P. S., Barwal, K. S. and Kumar, D., Human–Wild pig conflict in selected states in India and mitigation strategies. Acta Silv. Lignaria Hung., 2009, 5, 189–197.
Literature cited 2: Jhala, Y. V., Damage to sorghum crop by blackbuck. Int. J. Pest Manage., 1993, 39, 23–27. Karanth, K. K., Gopalaswamy, A. M., Prasad, P. K. and Dasgupta, S., Patterns of human-wildlife conflicts and compensation: Insights from Western Ghats protected areas. Biol. Conserv., 2013, 166, 175–185.

ID: 63233
Title: Crop stimulants as a factor determining the yield and quality of winter wheat grown in Notec Valley, Poland
Author: Tomasz Knapowski, Bożena Barczak , Wojciech Kozera , Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska and Jarosław Pobereżny
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2019
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 116 (6) 1009-1015 (2019)
Subject: Crop stimulants as a factor determining the yield and quality of winter wheat grown in Notec Valley, Poland
Keywords: Grain yield, stimulants, technological parameters, Triticum aestivum L
Abstract: The application of stimulants to improve growth rate and quality of crops is gaining importance. Such preparations do not harm the environment and may partly supplement the action of nutrients applied. Therefore, during 2012–2014, a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of several stimulants: an amino acid preparation, liquid fertilizer biostimulant, seaweed extract, a multiple natural foliar nonfertilizer and their combinations on wheat grain yield and quality. The results indicated that these preparations strongly influenced grain yield and baking traits such as falling number, protein content, wet gluten, sedimentation value and bread volume. The best results were obtained on using multiple natural foliar nano fertilizer + amino acid preparation, with 20.1% higher yield in 2013 and 22.6% higher yield in 2014 in comparison with the control. The most favourable values of technological features were obtained with multiple natural foliar nanofertilizer in combination with amino acid preparation or seaweed extract. Wet gluten was the highest and the protein content and bread volume were high after spraying wheat with multiple natural foliar nanofertilizer and the next values of protein content and sedimentation resulted from the use of seaweed extract. The interest in Ano fertilizers and preparations that stimulate plant growth and development is increasing constantly and it may become one of the essential elements of cultivation technology in future. Broadening the knowledge on bioregulators can result in an increase in the effectiveness of agricultural production as well as in the quality of crops.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Akçura, M., The relationships of some traits in Turkish winter bread wheat landraces. Turk. J. Agric. For., 2011, 35, 115–125. Denčić, S., Mladenov, N. and Kobiljski, B., Effects of genotype and environment on breadmaking quality in wheat. Int. J. Plant Prod., 2011, 5, 71–82.
Literature cited 2: Matus, I., Madariaga, R., Jobet, C., Zúñiga, J. and Alfaro, Ch., Kipa-INIA, new high yield spring bread wheat variety for Chile. Chil. J. Agric. Res., 2011, 71, 323–328. Matus, I., Madariaga, R., Jobet, C., Zúñiga, J. and Alfaro, Ch., Millan-INIA, new variety of high-quality early spring bread wheat for irrigated soils in central–southern Chile. Chil. J. Agric. Res., 2011, 71, 329–332.