ID: 52177
Title: Assessment of fuel characteristics and emissions of biodiesel from Jatropha
Author: T.Banerjee, T.K.Bhattacharya and R.K.Gupta
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biodiesel, Jatropha, Transesterification, Fuel characteristics, emissions
Abstract: As an alternative fuel biodiesel produced from jatropha by transesterification has the potential to overcome the energy crisis, to meet the strict environmental emission regulations due to its technical feasibility, economic effeciency and for environmental safeguard. Pursuing the present experiment, ethanol is also for the transesterification considering its renewable nature over toxic methanol. In this experiment ethanol and methanol esters are produced to procure blends with diesel for the evaluation and characterisation of biodiesel in respect of fuel characteristics and then comparisons were made with standard diesel and raw oil. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of fuel values and twenty percent blending of esters can be recommended for the use in transportation sector. Two hour engine testing was also conducted for the determination of emission potential of the blends and comparison over diesel revealed that emission of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon reduced in case of biodiesel possibly due to its higher oxygen contents. NOx emission increased slightly in case of blends over diesel and therefore necessary engine modifications is recomended before of its commercial release.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52176
Title: Performance evaluation of anaerobic treatability at various organic loading rate for dairy effluent
Author: A.Shoba, J.Abbas Mohaideen and P.Thamarai
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Anaerbic treatment, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor, Organic loading rate, COD removal, Dairy Effluent
Abstract: The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the performance efficiency of the ABR (anaerobic baffled reactor) in treating effluent of dairy factories under anaerobic condition. The laboratory model of ABR of 12 liters capacity was fabricated by acrylic sheet material provided with gas space partition, was used to study the anaerobic treatability of dairy effluent. The raw dairy effluent with different organic loading rate was fed into the ABR and the effluent was analyzed for COD removal and biogas production. The maximum COD removal of 91% along with 0.82 L/d biogas was observed during the experiment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52175
Title: Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide in Deccan basalts: preliminary laboratory study
Author: P.S.R.Prasad, D.Srinivasa Sarma, L.Sudhakar, U.Basavaraju, Ravi S.Singh, Zahida Begum, K.B.Archana, C.D.Chavan and S.N.Charan
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Carbon dioxide, geological seqestration, picritic basalts, secondary carbonates
Abstract: Laboratory experiments to probe the carbon dioxide sequestration potential of picritic basalts from the Deccan Basalt volacanic province, Maharashtra are reported. Growth of certain secondary carbonates is clearly seen over the surface of picritic basalts, reacted with water and carbon dioxide in its super-critical condition. The reactions were kept for about 5 months duration at a temperature and pressure of 100oC and 60 bar of CO2 respectively. Handpicked soft grains of secondary carbonates were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and the observed signatures in two of the picritic basalt samples (IGP-40 and IGP-29) match well with ankerite (Fe-carbonate), with negligibly small amounts of released SiO2. While in another sample (IGP-36), the secondary carbonates have comparatively larger amounts of SiO2.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52174
Title: Studies on the role of ants in reproductive efficiency of three species of Phyllanthus L
Author: Indu Sharma, N.Sharma and H.Kour
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Ants, monoecy, Phyllanthus, pollination
Abstract: Three herbaceous species of Phyllanthus L. namely P.fraternus L., P.urinaria L. and P.simplex Retz. form overlapping populations in and around Jammu during April-October. All are monoecious and unique in placement of flowers beneath leaf axils. Flowers are small, nectariferous and not amenable to major pollinators. Ants are involved in pollen transfer in these species. Three species visit the plants, these belong to genus Camponotus and Monomorium. Although all the three plants species represent a typical case of ant-plant mutualism, they differ in their dependence on ants for successful fruit set. P. simplex is totally dependent on ants, while P.urinaria and P.fraternus take the help of wind also.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52173
Title: Soil erosion limits for Lakshadweep Archipelago
Author: Debashis Mandal and K.P.Tripathi
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Conservation plan, soil erosion, soil loss tolerance, soil sustainability
Abstract: Soil loss tolerance limits (Tvalue) define teh soil loss amounts that are tolerable to maintain, continuously and economically, the sustainability of soil productivity. Within these limits, soil erosion and soil formation processes are in equilibrium. The Lakshadweep Islands is prone to soil erosion and about 20 running Kilometre seashore line is being subjected to severe erosion. The unique land and soils of the Lakshadweep Coral Islands require careful management to protect the fragile ecosystem. Soils of ten inhabited islands of Lakshadweep were studied in detail to assign T values, for suggesting a conservation plan. The T value for the whole Archipelago varied between 7.5 and 12.5 t ha-1 yr-1. The spatial delineation of soils with respect to T value can facilitate the management of these valuable resources and prevent their degradation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52172
Title: Revisiting Kirkpatrick ' s model-an evaluation of an academic training course
Author: P.Rajeev, M.S.Madan and K.Jayarajan
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Formative evaluation, Kirkpatrick ' s model, summative evaluation, training evaluation models
Abstract: In scientific and research organizations, the training needs facilitator roles and methods have undergone a change necessitated by rapid information and technology boom. There is ample evidence to show that evaluation and objective assessment of effectiveness and outcome of training programmes being implemented by organizations are not given due importance as that of their planning and implementation. An attempt is made in this communication firstly to analyse the theories of training evaluation in general; the study also illustrates a case study of training evaluation of the academic training courses being carried out at the Indian Institute of Spices Research by revisiting the popular Kirkpatrick ' s model. The three-step evaluation model is a combination of formative and summative approaches using multiple methods which measure reactions, perceptions, learning and behavioural components of the trainees combining quantitative and qualitative tools and aims at assessing the usefulness of the course in providing an adequate learning climate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52171
Title: Sedimentology and magnetic fabric studies of Mio-Pliocene fluvial succession in the NW Himalayan Foreland basin
Author: Subhajit Sinha, Koushik Sen, S.J.Sangode, Rohtash Kumar and Sumit K.Ghosh
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Anisotropy, Himalayan Foreland Basin, magnetic susceptibility, Nurpur, Siwaliks, tectonic fabrics
Abstract: Magnetic fabric studies based on anisotrophy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) over mudstone facies from a 1700 m thick Mio-Pliocene Siwalik fluvial sequence infer a dominant control of tectonic fabrics as against the depositional fabrics of the associated channel sandstones. This study integrated with lithofacies variations indicates the prevalence of overall prolateness with high ' T, q and L/F ' values after 1100m. Superimposition of the tectonic fabrics vis-a-vis upsection increase in frequency and thickness of the conglomerates infers greater magnitude of the tectonic signatures. The low prolateness of the fabrics between 1000 and 1100m is inferred as the syn-tectonic lag deposits and reflects some important basin dynamic changes. The AMS approach over mudstone facies thus shows a greater scope of recording and quantifying the basin tectonic impulses in the Himalayan Foreland Basin.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52170
Title: Spatial and temporal variation in surface water chemistry of a tropical river, the river Bharathapuzha, India
Author: Nikhil Raj and P.A.Azeez
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Element load, multivariate analysis, spatio-temporal variation, water discharge, water quality
Abstract: The study examines the spatiotemporal variation in water quality and quantity of Bharathapuzha river basin using multivariate statistical analysis tools.The sub-basins varied notably in terms of river discharge, elemental concentration as well as elemental load. It was found that in basins that are more disturbed, monsoonal discharge was much higher than the discharges in other seasons, while the slightly disturbed basin had consistent level of discharge throughout the season. Changes in land use and the impact of dams are major reasons for the spatiotemporal variations in the surface water chemistry of the river.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52169
Title: Managing of GIS projects in infrastructure development
Author: Ashok Kaushal and Sandeep K Srivastava
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Geographic Information System, infrastructure development, project management and planning
Abstract: Good project planning, at the initial stage, is a key to its successful implementation. Majority of the GIS-based projects are challenging as they need substantial efforts on building the capacity at both ends (user and implementing agencies) for suitably designing the application, considering the constraints in terms of quality and quantity of spatial data. The experience of executing projects involving implementation of GIS suggests that the spiral model of project management is more suited than the waterfall model. Data format and data interoperability are major concerns of the geomatices community. Project scheduling, time management and building a buffer to absorb unforeseen reasons for delays are important components of managing the GIS-based projects. This article discusses the project management approach for the implementation of GIS, with special reference to monitoring projects in infrastructure development.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52168
Title: Episodes of unnatural injury and death of Barn Owls (Tyto alba); a warning call
Author: R.V.Devkar
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52167
Title: Watershed development : how to make ' invisible ' impacts ' visible ' ?
Author: J.S.Samra and K.D.Sharma
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sciences Association , Vol 96, No 2, 25 January 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Economic reforms, policies, programmes, investment portfolio
Abstract: The innovative and imaginative economic reforms, polices, programmes and investments portfolio have been internalized through various mechanisms of convergence. In this way the development process is evolving and dynamic in chasing efficiency, equity, social justice, reducing poverty, realizing sustainable livelihood and environmental services.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52166
Title: Degradation of carbaryl by photolytic ozonation
Author: R.Rajeswari and S. Kanmani
Editor: Prof V.Subramanian
Year: 2009
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company , Vol 6, No 2, April 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Pesticide, carbaryl, photolytic ozonation, biodegradability
Abstract: The degradation of Carbaryl, a frequently used carbamate derivative pesticide, was carried out in batch reactors by photolytic ozonation. The influencing factors such as pH, pollutant concentration and ozone dosage were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The maximum COD removal of 78.5% was achieved in three hours at alkaline pH 9. Increase in ozone dosage from 0.12 g/h to 0.48 g/h increased degradation rate. The apparent pseudo first order rate constant for photolytic ozonation and ozonation processes were found to be 0.0209 min-1 and 0.0139 min-1 respectively which indicated the presence of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals in photolytic ozonation. Complete mineralization needs longer ozonation time and only 48% TOC removal was achieved in three-hour duration. BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.02 to 0.38 which facilitates coupling with secondary biological treatment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52165
Title: Selection of appropriate sewage treatment technology for Kancheepuram city
Author: S.Kannan, S.K.Singal, A.A.Kazmi and M.P.Sharma
Editor: Prof V.Subramanian
Year: 2009
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company , Vol 6, No 2, April 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Benefit-cost ratio, life cycle cost analysis, sewage treatment plant, techno economic analysis, waste stabilization pond
Abstract: Various types of sewage treatment technologies are available for the treatment and reuse of sewage in India. It is difficult to select an appropriate treatment technology for the specific region such as rural, urban or metropolitan area. Suitability of techno economic analysis, life cycle , cost analysis, and benefit cost ratio can be used as financial management tool to take final decision. This paper highlights the application of techno-economic analysis for the selection of appropriate technology of sewage treatement for Kancheepuram town of Tamil Nadu. Out of five different types of sewage treatment technologies that are being used in India, the waste stabilization pond has been found to be the most economical option to treat sewage as the cost of land in Kancheepuram city is less than Rs. 6.5 million per ha (i.e Rs 650/sqm). Between Rs 6.5 and Rs 13.0 million per ha, the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) with Final Polishing Pond (FPP) is economical. Above Rs 13.0 million per ha, the Moving Bed Biological Reactor (MBBR), Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) and Activated Sludge Process are found to be economical. The selection of technology has been done by calculating the benefit cost ratio, assuming a discount rate of 10%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52164
Title: Investigations of hygienic state of drinking water at different tourist places of Alwar district of Rajasthan (India)
Author: M.P.S. Chandrawat, Jaya Gupta, Ackmez Mudhoo and Sanjay K. Sharma
Editor: Prof V.Subramanian
Year: 2009
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company , Vol 6, No 2, April 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Alwar district, tourist places, pH, Cl-, F-, NO3 -, TDS, TH, water quality
Abstract: Tourist places in the Alwar District of the Rajasthan State are places of significant cultural and historical heritage and are also for pilgrimage. Evaluations of the chemical quality and hygienic status have been carried out to know the risk factor of drinking water in these different tourist places. The pH, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) have been monitored and assessed. This study was performed to bring out a drinking water quality status report of the tourist places of Alwar district. Eight important tourist places of the district were taken into consideration to take the chemical investigation of drinking water: Jai Samand, Siliserh, Sariska, Kali Ghati, Pandupole, Bhathariji, Tal-Vriksha and Naldeshwar. Eleven samples have been analyzed, compared and assessed. It was concluded that there was a severe presence of particular constituents in all the tourist places. The results of this comparative study are compiled in the present article.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52163
Title: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic animals collected from coastal waters of Gresik, Indonesia
Author: Agoes Soegianto , Bambang Irawan and Hamami
Editor: Prof V.Subramanian
Year: 2009
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company , Vol 6, No 2, April 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Metals, shrimp, fish, bioaccumulation, coastal waters.
Abstract: A survey of the presence of metals in aquatic animals caught from Gresik coastal waters, Indonesia, has been conducted. The results show that all animals contained Zn levels higher than the level of other metals (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Se and Pb) in the same species. The copper level recorded in tissue of banana shrimp showed higher copper concentration than that in other fishes. The concentration of Zn in whole body of animals (ponyfish and anchovy) was relatively higher than those recorded in muscle tissues (banana shrimp, drum, mullet and sea catfish). It was also found that the level of metals in all samples collected from this area contained metals in their tissue within acceptable range for consumption. These data provide useful information for future reference.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None