ID: 52192
Title: Assessment of municipal solid waste compost: Characterization and compliance
Author: A.B.Akolkar, M.K.Choudhary and P.K.Selvi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Municipal Solid Waste Compost (MSW Compost), Physico-chemical characterisitcs, Heavy Metals
Abstract: The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) undertook a comprehensive study on assesment of quality of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Compost of a few compost plants located at Bangalore, Malad, Delhi, Bhopal, Nashik, Ahmedabad and Gwalior in India. The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) that was fed to the MSW Compost plant and the MSW Compost produced in the plants were collected, processed and analyzed for various physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals. The average values of physico-chemical parameters determined were compared with the standards, specified for different parameters specified in the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling ) Rules, 2000 (MSW Rules). It was observed that the heavy metals in MSW Compost samples from cities like Ahmedabad and Nashik were within limits for all the heavy metals except for Pb, while in other cities like Bangalore, Malad, Delhi and Gwalior, the concentration of heavy metals in MSW Compost exceeded the limits.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52191
Title: Langelier saturation index for the groundwatr of Narayanpur, Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Author: K.Niranjan Kumar, A.G.S.Reddy and K.Srinivas Varma
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Narayanpur, Langelier Saturation Index, Scale forming and corrosion
Abstract: During the course of groundwater quality appraisal of Narayanpur, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh. The hydrochemical data of the area has been subjected to Langelier Saturation Index for evaluation of groundwater quality. The present studies are aimed to asses the groundwater quality for industrial purposes in view of the mega industries coming up in the area in near future. The need for groundwater quality assessment is of considerable importance as the area is deficient in surface water resources and dependency on groundwater exclusively in due to aberration of monsoon or its game of truancy to meet various sectoral needs. Groundwater being most dependable and its significant role as integral input in ushering a new economic order. With a view to understand the amount of dissolved ions and to asses the quality of groundwater and the variations in the concentrations of different ions have been calculated to evaluate suitability of the groundwater for industrial purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52190
Title: Biodegradation of phenol in Vinasse by Pseudomonas species, Aspergillus niger nad Bacillus coagulans
Author: M.V.V.Chandana Lakshmi and V.Sridevi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biodegradation, Vinasse, Phenol-removal, Pseudomonas sp., Aspergillus niger, Bacillus coagulans
Abstract: Amongst the methods for the purification of vinasse, anaerobic digestion features some advantages that make it particularly suitable for processing this type of waste. However, its efficiency is somewhat decreased by the presence of phenol compounds. The prior removal of these compounds makes the vinasse more amenable to anaerobic digestion. A possibility of reducing the phenol content is through an aerobic biological pre-treatment by both fungi and bacteria. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the most suitable microorganism for removing phenolic compounds. The present results show that Pseudomonas sp., (91%), Aspergillus niger (72%) and Bacillus coagulans (65%) can significantly degrade phenol compounds aerobically. Of the three microorganisms studied, Pseudomonas sp., registered the highest efficiency for the aerobic degradation of phenol compounds.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52189
Title: Physical composition and characteristics of municipal solid waste of Silchar city, Assam, North east India
Author: S.Bhattacharjee and S.Gupta
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: MSW, refuse, physical , physico-chemical
Abstract: The problem of municipal solid waste is increasing day by day with growing population and urbanization. Proper disposal of MSW has become a necessity. The physical composition and physico-chemical characteristics of the refuse of 19 sites from both residential and commercial areas of Silchar city, South Assam, North East India have been studied. Since the city extended and developed in a totally unorganized manner there is no clear demarcation in the MSW composition and characteristics between market area and residential area. The study reveals highest percentage composition of organic waste (57.17%) followed by other recyclable waste (21.01%), inert waste (17.93%) etc. Average percentage composition of moisture content is 47.5 and average C:N ratio is 19.52. These data are expected to be help for preparing a sustainable and effective planning for solid waste management of the city.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52188
Title: Assessment of cadmium levels in field samples of eloor industrial area and its impact on cattle disease patterns
Author: A.R.Nisha, A.M.Chandrasekharan Nair, N.Gopakumar and A.D.Joy
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Eloor Industrial area, cadmium, field samples, environmental pollution
Abstract: A study was undertaken in Eloor industrial area of Kerala state to find out the extent of environmental pollution with cadmium and its impact on cattle health. Areas around Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore (Eloor south), Indian Aluminium Company (Alupuram), Binani Zinc (Binanipuram) and Hindustan Insecticide Limited (Eloor North) were selected for study. As the first step survey and retrospective analysis of cases were done in Eloor and nearby Muppathadam veterinary hospitals. The survey revealed that almost all farmers are facing various problems in maintaining livestock. A high incidence of digestive disorders, deficiency diseases and repeat breeders are suggestive of cadmium toxicity. The field samples like water, sludge and forage were collected from the industrial field localities. The cadmium content in the field samples were estimated by Atomic absorption spectrophotometric. University Livestock farm, Mannuthy is taken as control area. The cadmium content in the field samples of test areas was significantly higher than control. The water quality was assessed by testing alkaline hardness, noncarbonate hardness, total alkalinity, hydroxide alkalinity, carbonate alkalinity, bicarbonate alkalinity, total acidity, mineral acidity and chloride. The values obtained for calcium hardness, carbonate hardness, chloride and total alkalinity were significantly higher than samples form Mannuthy. It was concluded that water and forage samples of Eloor Industrial area were contaminated with cadmium causing health hazards to cattle.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52187
Title: Influence of air: fuel quality on performance and emission characteristic of C.I.engine
Author: Rajesh Kumar Pandey, A. Rehman, R.M.Sarviya and Savita Dixit
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Air quality, engine performance, exhaust gas, emissions
Abstract: All internal combustion engines need an adequate supply of air that is clean, dry, filtered, fresh, and cool. Damp air contains less oxygen than dry air thus it reduces engine power. On naturally aspirated and particularly on turbo charged engines air is as necessary to successful operation as is the quality of fuel used. Lack of sufficient airflow to an engine can result in these conditions. In this paper Authors have discussed effect of various factors on the performance and emission characteristics on C.I.Engine.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52186
Title: Optimized conditions for phenol degradation using Pseudomonas putida
Author: V.Sridevi and M.V.V.Chandana Lakshmi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biodegradation of Phenol, Pseudomonas putida (NCIM 2102), Optimization, pH
Abstract: The biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas putida (NCIM 2102), a potential biodegradent of phenol has been investigated for its degrading potential under different operating conditions. Three variables of pH (4, 6, 8, 10,12), temperature (30oC, 32oC,35oC,37oC), and inoculum size (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% v/v) were used to identify the significant effects and interaction in batch studies. It was found that the degrading potential of P.putida (NCIM 2102) was strongly affected by the variations in pH, temperature and inoculum size. Optimum conditions of the variables for the growth of P.putida and for maximum biodegradation of phenol are pH (6), temperature (32oC) and inoculum size (8% v/v). The maximum phenol degradation at these conditions is 800mg/L.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52185
Title: Effect of copper sulphate on the kidney or green gland of fresh water prawns (Crustacea-Decapoda)
Author: Harnam Singh Lodhi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Copper sulphate, Histopathology, Kidney or green gland, M.lamarrei, M.dayanum
Abstract: Fresh water prawns, Macrobrachium lamarrei and Macrobrachium dayanum were exposed to acute (LC50 i.e. 0.304mg/l for M.lamarrei and 0.418 mg/L for M.dayanum) and sub-acute (25% of 96 hr LC50 i.e.0.076 mg/L for M.lamarrei and 0.145 mg/L for M.dayanum) concentrations of Copper sulphate, showed vacuolization, inflammation, cell necrosis and rupturing of cells leaving pyknotic nuclei in their green gland tubular lumen. At sub-acute concentration tubular cells showed vacuolization, necrosis, karyorrhaxis, lysis of cell membrane and hyperplasia where as the wall of endsac showed severe hyperplasia and necrosis, thereby leading to almost complete disorganization of kidney. Heavy granular depositions were also noticed in inter tubular spaces after 30 day exposure. Initial heavy influx of haemocytes in kidney was reduced by increasing time exposure. Severity of alterations was dose and duration dependent. M.lamarrei appreared more sensitive to toxicant than M.dayanum by showing more pronounced pathomorphological changes in its green glands.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52184
Title: Anaerobic treatment of sago effluent using immobolized amylase and simultaneous electricity generation using microbial fuel cell
Author: M.Vijay and R M Meyyappan
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: bioelectricity, microbial fuel cell, sago effluent, amylase, biocatalyst
Abstract: Microbial fuel cells, produces electric power by utilizing biocatalysts such as microorganisms to assist redox reactions that converts chemical energy available in a biodegradable substrate directly into electricity. Starch manufacturing industrial units, such as sago mills, both at medium and large scale suffer from inadequate treatment and disposal problems due to high concentration of suspended solids content present in the effluent. A laboratory scale study was conducted in a batch type MFC reactor. The main objective of this study was (i) first, to convert starchy material into glucose using immobilized amylase (i) second, to identify and utilize the microorganisms in sago effluents for the oxidation of glucose (ii) to investigate the possibility of an anaerobic treatment of effluent in dual chambered MFC and simultaneous generation of electricity. Several parameters were studied to investigate the degradation of sago effluent such as COD, TSS, TDS, pH, and TKN during anaerobic treatment and simultaneous recovery of electricity was investigated. Voltage and Current values were observed, by operating the cell at a fixed resistance of 470 W and power density as well as current density was calculated. The maximum recovered electrical energy (J) in the treatment was found to be 32.02 and COD removal efficiency was 35.81% was obtained.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52183
Title: Matching of injection timing in high grade low heat rejection engine for improved performance with pongamia oil based bio-diesel
Author: M.V.S.Murali Krishna, P.V.K.Murthy, R.P.Chowdary and V.V.R.Seshagiri Rao
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Low heat rejection engine, Performance, Pollution levels, Combustion characteristics, Bio-diesel
Abstract: The growing demand coupled with high cost and uncertainty of crude oil supplies had led to an extensive search for a suitable alternate fuel which can be obtained from renewable sources. Among the many contestants, vegetable oil seems to be a viable alternative for use in diesel engines due to the fact that is adoption requires no modification to the prime-mover. However drawbacks associated with vegetable oils such as high viscosity and low volatility call for low heat rejection (LHR) engine, which is constructed with the provision of air gap of 3-mm in the threaded piston and in the liner, with superni-90 ( a low thermal conductivity nickel alloy material) inserts, and ceramic coating (500i) on inside surface of cylinder head. Performance evaluation of the LHR diesel engine is carried out with pongamia oil based bio-diesel by varying injection timings and injection pressures. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 24%, while at peak load operation, smoke levels decreased by 16% relatively with LHR engine with pongamia oil based bio-diesel at an injection timing of 30ob TDC (before top dead centre) in comparison with the conventional engine with pure diesel operation at 27obTDC and an injection pressure of 190 bars.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52182
Title: Ann and regression modeling for dissolved solids (DS) removal from industrial effluents
Author: R.K.Jain, Umesh Pendharkar, J.K.Srivastava and R.K.Dave
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: waste water treatment process, Artificial neural networks (ANN), DS, Multiple liner regression analysis (MLRA)
Abstract: Most waste waters consist of several contaminants that need to be removed during the treatment process. It is difficult to quantify the interactions and relationships that exist between process inputs and process outputs because of the complex nature of treatment processes. A suitable model for any waste water treatment process is essential in order to provide a tool for predicting its performance. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are developed to the literature data pertaining ozonation process for treatment of effluents from electroplating industries to develop and validate a model that can predict removal of dissolved solids (DS). In order to determine if the ANN is capable to capture any nonlinear relationship that may be present in the data set, a comparison is made between the ANN model and a multiple liner regression analysis (MLRA) model. When tested on an independent (blind) data set, the ANN models were able to predict DS to a high level of accuracy. The ANN also significantly out performed the MLRA model, thereby providing evidence for the existence of non-linear relationships in the data set.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52181
Title: Textural characteristics, organic carbon and nitrogen content in the paddy soils of Palakkad district, Kerala, India
Author: N.Kannan, Sabu Joseph and Jobin Thomas
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Texture, nutrients, paddy soil, Palakkad, Kerala
Abstract: The data on the texture and nutrient aspects of soils are very indispensable as it furnish information regarding the fertility status and the suitability of soils for various agricultural activities. Most soils are composed of a mixture of three size grades, viz., sand, silt and clay, and each fraction does not exert equal influence on the characteristics of a natural soil. The organic carbon and nutrients also varies according to the variation in the mixture and is well explicated in the soil samples collected from the paddy fields of Palakkad district - one of the ' rice bowls ' of Kerala.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52180
Title: Effect of vehicular lead emissions on biochemical constituents of leaves
Author: S.Gupta, D.Bhattacharjee, J.K.Datta, S.Nayek and S.Satpati
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Vehicular emissions, lead, biochemical constituents, plants, leaves
Abstract: In the present work effect of vehicular pollution especially lead is studied on biochemical constituents of leaves of roadside vegetation. Four tree species namely Alstonia scholaris, Cassia siamea, Pterospermum acerifolium, Tectona grandis were studied in three zones having high, medium, low traffic density and a fourth control zone with no vehicular traffic in its surroundings. The parameters studied were total chlorophyll, sugar, total proteins, total amino acid, ascorbic acid, proline and lead content of mature leaves of the above four species. The results revealed that the chlorophyll, sugar, protein and amino acid content of leaves in the traffic zones were lower than that of the control area, while proline, ascorbic acid and lead content were higher for the traffic zones. Correlation between lead concentrations and the bio-chemical parameters revealed a negative correlation between lead and total chlorophyll, protein, sugar and amino acid content of leaves while there exists a strong positive correlation between lead and proline, ascorbic acid which indicates the stress conditions of the plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52179
Title: Effects of an insecticide Ekalux (EC-25) on so biochemical constituents of the fish Tilapia mossambica
Author: S.Logaswamy, K.M.Remia and Simi Varghese
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water pollution, Pesticides, biochemical parameters, Tilapia mossambica
Abstract: Effects of an insecticide ekalnx on some biochemical and haematological and parameters of a fresh water fish Tilapia mossambica was investigated under the sublethal concentration for a period of 15 days, with 5 days sampling frequency. Enzymes Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamate Pyruvate Tranasminase (GPT) showed significant elevation of activity in the blood. This may be due to disruption of enzyme systems by blocking the active sites and tissue damage, which causes leakage of these enzymes into the blood. Total erythrocyte and leucocyte counts were found to decline and indicated the dysfunctioning of haemopoitic system due to toxicant stress, resulting in anaemia and leucopenia condition in fish. Reduction in the creatinine content observed in the present study may be due to the non-specific stress response of the pesticide. In case of urea, the pesticide caused an increase of this parameter. It indicates the detoxification of ammonia to urea and its mobilization to the storage and elimination sites. The present findings clearly indicate that even sublethal concentration of ekalux produce dysfunction of many biochemical parameters in the fish, Tilapia mossambica.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52178
Title: Assessment of nutrients and organic carbon content in the sediments of Meenachil river
Author: Aneyamma Varughese, Cincy George and Sunny Kuriakose
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Nutrients, Organic carbon content, Meenachil River, Kerala
Abstract: This paper presents the result of some chemical characteristics of the sediments of Meenachil River, Kerala. The analysis was carried out at selected geologically important sites for a period of one year in 3 seasons, (Pre Monsoon, Monsoon and Post Monsoon). The analysis gives results showing the systematic variation in the nutrient and carbon content at various selected sits. The phosphorous content varies form 0.03 to 0.105 mg/g, nitrogen from 0.028 to 0.168 mg/g and organic C from 0.1790 to 0.3442 mg/g.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None