ID: 52207
Title: Study of water quality and trace metal contents of some well waters in the Dahanu region (Thane, India)
Author: Varsha Waikole and C.L.Patil
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Physico-chemical characteristics, Dissolved oxygen, Heavy metals
Abstract: A systematic physico-chemical study of the well water samples in and around the Dahanu region (Thane district, MS) has been taken up to evaluate its suitability for domestic purposes. The parameters pH, EC, total hardness, TS, Dissolved oxygen, Ca, mg etc. showed fluctuations during the course of present study, the Heavy metals were found below detection limit (BDL) recommended by WHO (1971)
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52206
Title: Assessment of well water quality in and around Dombivili region (Thane, India)
Author: M.M.Shivkar, C.L.Patil and Varsha Waikole
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Dug well, Heavy metals, Alkalinity, Water quality
Abstract: This paper presents results of physico- chemical study of ten water samples from dug well in Dombivili region, Mumbai.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52205
Title: Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from Artemesia vulgaris -stem waste
Author: M.Manjuladevi, D.Jalajaa and S.V.Saravanan
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Removal, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Partical size, pH
Abstract: The carbonaceous sorbent prepared from the plant waste (Artemesia vulgaris) by acid treatment was converted to activated carbon. It is tested for its efficiency in removing heavy metal like Pb (II). The batch mode adsorption experiments were carried out and the carbonization of plant waste, characterization of carbon was studied. The factors affecting the rate process involved in the removal of metal for initial metal concentration, agitation time, carbon dose and particle size have been studied at room temperature. The adsorption process followed first order rate kinetics. The first order rate equation by lagergren and venkobatchar -bhattacharya were tested on the kinetic data, and isotherm data was analyzed for possible agreement with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm equations. The intra particle diffusion was tested by Weber-Morris equation. It was found to be the rate determining step and it is an activated adsorption and obeys first order kinetics. The rate of removal of Pb (II) ion is found to be 2.2 mg/g min0.5 at 10mg/L if initial metal ion concentration. The present adsorbate-adsorbent system is found to obey the freundlich equation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52204
Title: Removal of acid dye from textile waste water by adsorption using activated carbon prepared from Punica granatum (Pomegranate) rind
Author: D.Jalajaa, M.Manjuladevi and S.V.Saravanan
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Activated carbon, adsorption, pH, particle size, carbon dosage, characterization, scanning electron microscope
Abstract: Activated Carbon prepared from the fruit waste (ie) Pomegranate rind (Punica granatum) collected from the fruit stalls in and around Coimbatore was used as an adsorbent for the removal of adsorbate Acid Blue -29 from the textile waste water. The Punica granatum rind was converted into activated carbon by the acid treatment process. The batch mode adsorption experiments were carried out by using various concentrations of dyes to test the sorption of acid dye from textile waste water. The characterization of carbon was studied. The factors affecting rate process involved in the removal of dye for initial dye concentration, agitation time, carbon dosage and particle size have been studied at room temperature. The adsorption process followed first order rate kinetics. The experimental data fitted reasonably well to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The morphology of activated carbon was characterizied by SEM analysis of activated carbon. The percentage of adsorption of Acid Blue-29 from textile waste water was found to be 82.35% at room temperature.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52203
Title: Untreated sullage from residential areas - A challenge against inland water policy in Malaysia
Author: Abdullah Al-Mamun, Md.Zahangir Alam, Azni Idris and Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Pollution loading, sullage characteristics, urban residential area, water quality index
Abstract: Malaysian water policy was mainly focusing on the protection of the inland wate resources by controlling point pollution from industrial activities and domestic sewage. Contribution of pollution loading from untreated sullage is not determined yet in Malaysia. This study was conducted to evaluate the quantity and quality of sullage discharged from an urban residential area in hot tropical climate. Median concentrations of the physical parameters, e.g. TSS, VSS, TDS, Turbidity and pH were 38, 7, 170, 36 mg L-1 and 6.71, respectively. Concentrations of BOD, COD, DO, TKN, AN, OP, TOC, Zn and Oil & Grease were 49, 120, 1.6, 7.08, 4.85, 1.94, 35.43, 0.056 and 13 mg L-1, respectively. Generally, the pollutant concentrations in sullage were higher than the limits stated in the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) of Malaysia. However, the sullage issue is not seriously considered by the relevant authorities due to unavailability of data gathered from detailed study conducted in the country. The information on various parameters provided in this paper would be a reference material for the typical characteristics of sullage discharged from the urban residential areas in Malaysia and most likely for other developing countries.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52202
Title: Destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in waste electronic capacitor oil using gamma radiation
Author: R.K.Singh, R.K.Khandal and Gurdeep Singh
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), gamma radiation, Cobalt 60, capacitor oil
Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic organic chemicals and have been commerically used worldwide in many applications. The PCBs have been used in capacitor oils because of their remarkable properties like flame resistance, thermal stability, dielectric constant, high break down voltage, low volatility etc. However, due to their adverse affects on human health and environment, the use of PCBs has now been banned. PCBs are hazardous compounds, non-biodegradable and persistent in ecosystem and are today considered among widespread pollutants in the global system. PCBs emanating from various wastes needs to be detoxified before reuse or going to landfill sites for final disposal. Various remedial technologies have been developed in the world to detoxify PCBs. The conventional ways to deal with the disposal of PCBs involves the process of chemical dehalogenation, solvent extraction and high temperature incineration. This processes involves teh use of hazardous solvents, reagents and also generates toxic gaseous such as dioxins and have negative impacts on the environment. In the recent years, the radiaton technology has emerged as an environment friendly technique for treatment of wide spread pollutants. The process involving gamma radiation is safe, reliable, energy efficient and environment- friendly. A study was undertaken to detoxify PCBs in capacitor oils by gamma radiation using Cobalt 60 as radiation source. The method used was found to be highly effective and destruction of PCBs was as high as 77%. The effect of gamma radiation on destruction of PCBs and various properties of capacitor oil are also discussed in details in the present paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52201
Title: Water quality monitoring of River Ravi in Indian region
Author: Ashwani Kumar and Anish Dua
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Correlation, India, Physico-chemical parameters, River Ravi, Water quality
Abstract: River Ravi provides water for irrigation and a variety of other uses including recreation, drinking and fisheries in Indian territory. Water samples were collected once in a month from Madhopur (32o22 ' 12" N and 75o35 ' E) for three years (2003-05). Different water quality parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, salinity, total alkalinity, acidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, ammonia, nitrate, iron, chloride, phosphate, fluoride and arsenic were determined to assess the status and pollution levels in the river. Mean, standard deviation and variance of each parameter for the period were calculated. There was a statistically significant correlation between parameters indicating association with each other. The variations in different water quality parameters for the three year period were tested for significance of difference using student ' s t-test. The water quality parameters like pH, DO, total alkalinity and chloride showed significant differences at p=0.05, for the year 2003 & 2004. For the year 2004 & 2005, parameters like water temperature, pH, DO, alkalinity, total hardness and calcium showed differences at p=0.05 and water temperature, alkalinity, nitrate, and chloride differed significantly at p=0.05, for the year 2003 & 2005. The study revealed that the concentration level of various physico-chemical parameters in the studied area of river Ravi did not exceed the permissible limits.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52200
Title: Geochemistry of soil and human health: A review
Author: M.H.Sayadi and S.Torabi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Soil contamination, Heavy metals, Exposure, Disease
Abstract: Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. The contamination of the top soil is serious from the standpoint of its direct impact on human health. This pollution consists mainly of contamination by toxic metals in connection with emissions from industry and transportation. Metals maybe inhaled as dust and also ingested involuntarily through food and drink as well as would be absorbed through skin. Metals are notable for their wide environmental dispersion from such activity; their tendencies to accumulate in select tissues of the human body, and their overall potential to be toxic even at relatively minor levels of exposure. Some metals do not play any role in human body and some others as in the case lead, cadmium, mercury are toxic even at trace levels and also essential metals could be harmful at very high levels. The toxicity of metals commonly involves the brain and the kidney, but other manifestations occur. This paper focuses on exposure to the heavy metals lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium etc. as they are arguably the most important metal toxins from a world as well as some additional remarks are also made regarding a few other metals of concern.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52199
Title: Role of organic adsorbents in removal of arsenic (III) and chromium (VI)
Author: R.Yadav, T.Banerjee and R.K.Srivastava
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Paddy stem, cow dung, activated charcoal, arsenic, chromium, heavy metal
Abstract: Removal of Arsenic (As-III) and Chromium (Cr-VI) from their aqueous solutions of different concentration have been done in present investigation by using carbonized organic waste material. Agro-based paddy stem and cow dung were used as adsorbents and compared with activated charcoal to determine the most efficient absorbent. The results reveal that highest removal efficiency for Chromium (VI) was with paddy stem absorbent (97%) at their 0.5 mg/L solution with 40 gm/L absorbent dose at pH 2.0 and 4 hr retention time. In case of Arsenic (III), 88.3% removal efficiency was observed with 0.5 mg/? solution at pH 7.0 and 4 hr retention time at same absorbent dose.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52198
Title: Trace metal contamination of Gagan river water and effect of monsoon at Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh), India
Author: Navneet Kumar and D.K.Sinha
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Trace metal, River water, Toxicity, effluents, monsoon
Abstract: The objective of the present study is to assess the trace metal contamination of Gagan river water and effect of onset of monsoon at Moradabad. For this thirteen sites in and around Moradabad district of western Uttar Pradesh were selected. Ten different trace metals in Gagan river water for pre-monsoon period as well as after the onset of monsoon were estimated by latest ICP-AES technique and the data were compared with trace metal water quality standards prescribed by WHO. River water was found to be excessively contaminated with iron, copper, lead metals and moderately contaminated with nickel metal concentration for pre-monsoon period as well as after the onset of monsoon. River water was deficient of zinc, micro-nutrient. Chromium, manganese metal concentrations were within prescribed limits. Silver was absent in both periods, cadmium was either absent or present in low concentrations. River water quality showed improvement after the onset of monsoon with reference to almost all the metals studied. Downstream samples after the mixing up of effluents indicated a marked decrease in river water quality with trace metals studied. People exposed to river water are likely to face the trace metal toxicity and river water quality management is urgently needed in the catchment area of study.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52197
Title: Biphasic anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) through UASB reactor- A performance study
Author: N.Ramesh, T.Meenambal, K.Murugan, S.M.Suneethkumar, Lakshmipriya Thiyagarajan and N.Lakshmi Narashimaih
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: MSW, UASBR, COD removal, Volatile fatty acids, Biogas
Abstract: Anaerobic methanogenic digestion, an effective method for the treatment of Municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied using acidogenic fermentors and UASB reactor. Initially the volatile acids production from the acidogenic fermentors observed between 6912mg/L to 1271 mg/L. The start up phase of the UASB reactor attained on 60th day and granulation formed. The reactor is continuously operated upto 320 days. The steady state condition achieved at the 120th day. The fermentation process was studied at different hydraulic retention times (from 24th to 6hrs) and very high organicloading rate (OLR) from 1.0 to 16.0 g COD/L.d at mesophilictemp 30oC. Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis formed granuales revealed the participation of microorganisms shown the microbial colonies like methanosarcina and methanothrix bacteria in the degradation of waste. During operation the pH of the UASB was maintained between 6.5 to 7.7. The maximum biogas production was observed as 82.29 L/L.d. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 86% was obtained from the experiment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52196
Title: Effect of marble slurry on haemocyte count of Periplaneta americana
Author: Sangeeta Dhanwar and Bharti Prakash
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Marble slurry, Haemocyte, Periplaneta americana
Abstract: Marble slurry is generated as a by product during cutting of marble. Marble slurry is characterized by high salinity, hardness containing higher concentration of certain elements such as CaCO3, Na+ and Ca2+ etc. In the present work an attempt has been made to see the effect of marble slurry on haemocyte count of Periplaneta americana. The insect was treated with marble slurry powder with the help of air pump in the chamber for different durations and it was observed that the total haemocyte count of Periplaneta americana increased continuously up to 96 hrs. The increase was higher in the case of males as ocmpared to females.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52195
Title: Food and feeding biology of green mussel, Perna viridis from the santubong River, Sarawak, Malaysia
Author: Ashraful M.A.K, Zaini B.Assim and Norhadi Ismail
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Food composition, Plankton, algae & detritus, green mussel, Perna viridis, Santubong river
Abstract: This paper reports biological studies with special reference to food and feeding at Santubong river, Malaysia during July, 2007 to December 2007. Laboratory analysis of gut contents observed that Perna viridis feed on copepod, amphipod, crab and shrimp larvae, phytoplankton and algae, detritus and some miscellaneous items also. The number of male mussels with food was highest 85% in Nov. 2007 and for female it was in Sep. 2007 and the highest percentage of male mussels without food was 35% and for female it was 40% both in Jul. 2007.Mussels feed on copepod, amphipod, crab and shrimp larvae, phytoplankton and algae and detritus ranged from 10.1-11.4%, 5.8-6.5%, 0.5-0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, 0.0-0.1% and 78.4-81.6% was found during the study period. The highest percentage of copepod 11.1% was found in Dec. 2007 and the lowest in 9.7% in July 2007 in female mussels.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52194
Title: Application of carbon dioxide supercritical fluid for extraction of heavy metals from ambient aerosols
Author: S.M.Talebi, M.Abedi, M.Gheisari and M.Saber
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Airborne particulate matter, supercritical fluid extraction, air pollution, heavy metals in urban air, extraction of metals by SFE
Abstract: The possibility of using carbon dioxide supercritical fluid for extraction of trace heavy metals including ; Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn from airborne particulate matter has been investigated. The effects of pressure, extraction time, and mixed modifier on the extraction efficiencies of heavy metals were studied and the results showed that although all of these parameters enhance the extraction efficiencies, using surfactants has improved the extraction efficiency considerably. Two different chelating agents were used for making complex from the heavy metals and it was cleared that diethyl dithiocarbamate (Na DDC) along with mixed modifier can be effectively used for extraction of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn while dithizone (DT) along with mixed modifier showed capability for extraction of Cd, Cu and especially for Cr.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52193
Title: Health benefits of consumption of probiotics and fermented foods-communication report
Author: J.N.Bandal and B.P.Kapadnis
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 28 (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Fermented foods, Probiotic bacteria, Health benefits
Abstract: Health status of the people all over the world is quite alarming. Along with many other reasons nutrition plays an important role in the decreasing health status of people. In the developed countries excessive mechanization and increased consumption of fast foods, while in developed and developing countries undernutrition due to poverty and inadequate supply of potable water are the important reasons for the deteriorating health conditions. All over the globe different measures are being used to combat these problems, but innovative approaches like use of biotherapeutic agents like probiotic bacteria should be encouraged. These microbes when ingested have shown numerous health benefits. The present study indicates that communication of the different health benefits of consumption of probiotics and fermented foods is necessary.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None