ID: 52252
Title: Analysis of hydrocarbons present in sediment of some flood plain lakes in Bayelsa State, Niger delta, Nigeria
Author: P.N.Manilla and A.R.Adeboye
Editor: P.K Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 11, No 3, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: N-alkane, Total petroleum hydrocarbon, Polyaromatic hydrocarbon, sediment, flood plain, Niger Delta
Abstract: Preliminary studies of the aliphatic and aromatic content of sediment samples from four lakes in the flood plain of the Niger Delta, Nigeria showed the presence of n-alkanes of C8-C33 in small concentration levels and an even over odd carbon predominance. All the lake sediments showed the presence of nC9-nC24 though L.Esiribi had n-alkanes of C8, C9, C10 and C14 in the surface sediment while the bottom sediment contained C8, C9, C13, C18 and C30. L.Egbedidi sediment also had nC33 hydrocarbons. The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon profile obtained by gas chromatography showed sediments from L.Esiribi and Akpide had no detectable amount of polyaromatic hydrocarbons while L.Egbedidi contained anthracene (01.92 mg/kg), phenanthrene (7.45 mg/kg), and Benzo (a) anthracene (78.54 mg/kg) for the surface sediment and 7.60; 84.01 and 10.95 mg/kg respectively for the bottom sediment L.Aboh which has a gas cluster in its water shed also showed phenanthrene (44.42 mg/kg) in its sediment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52251
Title: Evaluation of the efficacy of aqueous stem and leaf extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Jussieu) in reducing mould growth and enhancing the performance of groundnut
Author: E.C.Wokoma and N.Frank-Peterside
Editor: P.K Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 11, No 3, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Benlate, Azadirachta indica extracts, groundnut seeds, seed-borne fungi
Abstract: The efficacy of benlate and aqueous leaf and stem extracts of Azadirachta indica A.Jussieu was evaluated on naturally infested groundnut seeds purchased from Port Harcourt, using the blotter method. The in vitro germination and infection level of untreated seeds were 92.5% and 73.25%, respectively. The distributions of the six species of fungi on the seeds were : Rhizopus stolonifer 51%, Aspergillus niger 37%, A.flavus 48%, Fusarium moniliforme 45%, Penicillium digitatum 18% and P.italicum 27%. Benlate at rates of 3 ?g/ml and 5 ?g/ml completely inhibited R.stolonifer, A.flavus, A.niger and F.moniliforme. Aqueous stem extract of A.indica gave better control of all the seed-borne fungi than leaf extract. Benlate and A.indica extracts reduced germination by 19 to 22% and 3 to 19%, respectively. Although benlate completely inhibited most of the seed-borne fungi, it had adverse effect on seedling emergence, height and weight. Aqueous leaf extracts were more effective than the stem extracts in enhancing emergence and height of seedlings in potted trials. Aqueous extracts of A. indica were more effective than benlate and were not phytotoxic, therefore, they would be safer to use
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52250
Title: Chemical analysis of water samples from some flood plain lakes in the Niger delta, Nigeria
Author: P.N.Manilla and O.M.Frank
Editor: P.K Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 11, No 3, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Heavy metals, flood plain, lakes, baseline concentration, Niger delta
Abstract: Five lakes in Biseni Town in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, have been assessed for four physico-chemical parameters and their heavy metal content. The metals were analysed using atomic absorption spectroscopic method while pH, temperature, electrical conductance and total hardness were determined with standard methods. The metals analysed included Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Results obtained showed that the water from the lakes was fresh water. The heavy metal concentrations were low though the level of Cd, Pb and Ni did not meet WHO standard for safe drinking water in some lakes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52249
Title: Tinea infections and carriage among school children in Oyigbo, Rivers state, Nigeria
Author: E.C.Wokoma and I.E.Essien
Editor: P.K Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 11, No 3, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Microsporum, Trichophyton, Primary school children, Nigeria
Abstract: A total of 1441 primary school pupils from five public (community) and 5 private schools in Oyigbo (Obigbo), Rivers State, Nigeria were examined for carriage of Tinea capitis and Tinea corporis by sex, type of lesions, and types of schools, between June and July 2007. Specimens were taken from the scalp of 20 pupils with clinically suggestive lesions and examined by direct microscopy and culture. Clinically suggestive Tinea capitis and tinea corporis was found in 15.27% of the children, more commonly among males with a male to female ratio of 2.7:1. Tinea capitis was the most prevalent clinical type (80%) and most of the infected pupils (67.66%) had dry non-inflammatory lesions. The prevalence rates in the public and private primary schools were 21.74% and 8.51%, respectively. Majority of the infected pupils (67.66%) had dry non-inflamed lesions and infected pupils were between ages 6 and 10 years. The recovery rate of dermatophytes from 20 samples was 30% yielding the following dermatophytes: Microsporum canis, M.audounii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. soudanense, T.tonsurans and T.yaoundei. Two pupils had co-infection comprising of M.gypseum and M.audouinii, and T. soudanense and T.yaoundei. The study recommends sanitation and health education for the communities, parents and schools on ways of preventing the spread of tinea infections.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52248
Title: Occurrence, interaction with heavy metals and behaviour of complexing agents in the environment: A review
Author: Sillanpaa M.E.T
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Heavy metals, complexing agents, interaction, environment, EDTA, DTPA
Abstract: This review discusses the behaviour of the conventional complexing agents EDTA and DTPA in aquatic environment. EDTA and DTPA are used in extremely high amounts in different industrial and household applications and this has raised concern about their ultimate fate in the environment. These compounds are nto expected to cause direct ecotoxicological effects at the levels typically found in natural waters. However, they do contain nitrogen and have the capability to affect metal balance in aquatic ecosystems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52247
Title: Dust pollution-A case study in old town area, Visakhapatnam
Author: Padma Priya B, Rao L. Neelakanta, Srinivas T and Ramakrishna Rao. S
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Fungi, Dust, Health Hazards and Air pollution
Abstract: A preliminary survey of the Air mycoflora was done with the exposure of culture plates in old town area with respective to dust fall. A total number of six species namely Aspergillus sp, Rhizopus sp, Penicillium sp, Trichoderma sp, Fusarium sp and Mucor sp were recorded. Six fungal species which colonize in the atmosphere in old town area have been isolated and their pathogenicity examined. Aspergillus sp was responsible for incidence of infections. The collected health data reveal that the people residing in all sampling areas except control area were suffering from allergy, asthma and microbial infections particularly fungal in origin. This study reveals that the survival of the microbes is due to the prevalence of dust in the selected study area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52246
Title: Ionic balance of drinking water supply in Delhi (India) with respect to raw water sources of Himalayan River Ganga and Yamuna
Author: Akolkar Pratima, Semwal N, Jangwan J.S and Gangwal M.L
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Cation, Anion, Chemical weathering, Aquatic life, Himalayan
Abstract: The chemistry of river water is dictated mainly by ions. Composition of ions of Himalayan rivers is predominantly governed by chemical weathering process followed by anthropogenic influences. Calcium and magnesium were the major ions, accounting for more than 85% of the total cation concentration of 1.408844331 meq/l in River Ganga and 1.063554785 meq/l in River Yamuna, supporting the aquatic life of clean water quality. Total cation levels were increased in raw waters after diversion of these rivers into their respective canal at drinking water intake in Delhi. The cation level were found to be 2.115125212 meq/l in the water quality of Gang canal and 3.085396688 meq/l in Western Yamuna canal, having 80- 84% of calcium and magnesium content. The levels of calcium and magnesium ions in drinking water supply of these sources were also in the range of 78-84% of the total cation concentration i.e. 3.0 meq/l. Bicarbonate and sulphate were the major anions accounting for 86% of total concentration of 1.499494169 meq/l in river Ganga and 1.084299371 meq/l in river Yamuna. The levels of bicarbonate and sulphate were raised to 92-94% of total anion concentration of 2.164310984 meq/l in Gang canal and 2.99235742 meq/l in Western Yamuna canal. Levels of bicarbonate and sulphate present in drinking water supply were at 75-83% of total anion concentration (3.0 meq/l approx). The requirement of ionic levels for the existence of healthy aquatic life in raw waters was slightly lower compared to drinking water supply for human consumption.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52245
Title: Acoustic and thermodynamic studies of ternary liquid mixtures at different temperatures
Author: Thirumaran S, Suguna M and Selvi S.R
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Adiabatic compressibility, free length, free volume, internal pressure, molar volume, acoustic impedance
Abstract: The ultrasonic study of velocity, density and viscosity has been carried out for the mixtures of alcohols, namely-isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol and glycerol with N-N dimethyl acetamide (DMA) in cyclohexane at 303,308 and 313 K. The experimental data have been used to calculate the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (?), intermolecular free length (Lf), free volume (Vf), internal pressure (?i), molar volume (Vm) and acoustic impedance (Z). Some of the excess parameters have also been evaluated and fitted to Redlich Kister polynomials to test the validity of the excess values. It is observed in the present liquid mixtures that as number of O-H groups increases from isopropyl alcohol to glycerol, the strength of the molecular interactions between unlike molecules weakens.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52244
Title: Stability constants of Yb (III), Pr (III) and Ce (III) chelates with some substituted drugs
Author: Sonar A.N, Khirnar M.D and Pawar N.S
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Stability constant, pH metry, metal chelates, drugs, ligands
Abstract: The interactions of Yb (III), Pr (III), Ce(III) metal ion with -1) ACARBOSE (Ligand 1), 2)HALOPERTIDOL (Ligand 2), 3) SILYMARIN (Ligand 3), 4) DOGOXIN (Ligand 4) and 5) RIFAMPICIN (Ligand 5) have been investigated by pH metric titration at 0.1 M ionic strength at room temperature in 70% 1,4 Dioxane-Water mixture. The data obtained are used to estimate the values of proton-ligand stability constant (Pk) and Metal-ligand stability constant (logK). It is observed that lanthanide ion forms 1:1, 1:2 complexes with all the five heterocyclic ligands.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52243
Title: Preparation and characterization of zinc adipate and its catalytic activity for the copolymerization between CO2 and propylene oxide
Author: Du F.G, Wang J.T, Xiao M, Wang S.J and Meng Y.Z
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Zinc adipate, carbon dioxide, propylene oxide, copolymerization, poly (propylene carbonate)
Abstract: Zinc adipate catalysts used for the copolymerization between CO2 and propylene oxide were synthesized through several synthetic routes and their chemical structure and morphological features were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) techniques. Zinc adipate from zinc oxide exhibiting high degree of crystallinity and crystal quality produced poly (propylene carbonate) PPC with high molecular weight in a high yield. The NMR spectra revealed that the obtained PPC is having a highly alternating copolymer structure with high glass transition temperature (27.7 oC) and decomposition temperature (248oC) respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52242
Title: Gas chromatographic analysis of persistent hydrocarbon components of crude oil and their oxygenated derivatives in soil
Author: Devi Upama and Sarma Prahash Chandra
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Bioremediation, crude oil, GC chromatogram, Oxygenated derivatives of hydrocarbons, persistent hydrocarbon
Abstract: Crude oil and its different fractions constitute a class of soil pollutants. Under certain conditions, living microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, molds and filamentous fungi can alter and/or metabolize various classes of compounds present in crude oil, a set of processes collectively called oil biodegradation. This degradation is a process of oxidation which is limited by several factors. In the present experiment, extent of degradation of hydrocarbons from a crude oil sample collected 9 years ago is determined in a 90 days experiment gravimetrically by applying on a soil sample with no past history of oil pollution. The recovered oil, some known common aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives were subjected to GC analysis under identical conditions. It has been found that NPK nutrients and hydrogen peroxide applied separately expedited the process of degradation. Out of some common aromatic compounds examined, Anthracene, Benzoic Acid, Benzophenone, Cinnamic Acid and Napthalene seem to be present while ? -Naphthol, ?- Naphthol, Benzoin, Benzil nad Phthalic Acid are found absent in soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52241
Title: Nickel removal from wastewater by using activated carbon prepared from agro industrial wastes
Author: Srinivasan K and Hema M
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Ni (II) removal, Coconut oilcake carbon, Neem oilcake carbon, pseudo first order kinetics, second order kinetics, isotherm models
Abstract: Activated carbons were prepared from agro industrial waste by products such as coconut and neem oilcake by thermal activation at 800oC and were used as an efficient sorbents for the removal of nickel from water. The sorption conditions, such as pH, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration of nickel were examined. The coconut oilcake activated carbon (COCAC) shows more adsorption efficiency than neem oilcake activated carbon (NOCAC). The kinetic processes of Ni (II) adsorption on to activated carbons were described by applying pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and reversible pseudo-first-order rate equations. The kinetic data for the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equation for both carbons. The equilibrium data are described by the Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherms models.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52240
Title: An enivronmentally method for dyeing rug pile using fruit waste colorant
Author: Parvinzadeh Mazeyar
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Wool, dyeing, anthocyanin, eggplant, ordant
Abstract: Today, natural colorants are emerging globally due to their safety and environmentally-friendly properties. Natural dyes have been employed in dyeing Persian carpet piles for many years. Food and fruit industry wastes are one of the main sources of colorants which can be employed for coloration of textiles. Eggplant (Solanum melongena), a member of the family Solanaceae, is used in food recipes.Anthocyanin pigments are responsible for the dark purple color of its skin. In this research, dyeing wool fibres was carried out using skin of eggplant powders. For this purpose, the Iranian wool was first treated with some metal salts including Fe(II), Sn(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI) and Al(III). These salts are commonly used as mordant to improve the wash and light fastness of natural dyed textiles. Wool fiber was then dyed with 50% owf powdered skin of eggplant. The colorimetric properties of the dyed yarns were evaluated with a reflectance spectrophotometer. The wash and light fastness of the samples were also measured according to ISO 105-CO5 and Daylight ISO 105-BO1. Results showed that skin of eggplant is a susceptible source for dyeing wool fibers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52239
Title: Physical, mechanical, chemical properties and crystalline structure of heat treated oak (Quercus petraea Lieb.) wood
Author: Akyildiz Mehmet Hakan, Ates Saim and Ozdemir Hasan
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Oak, Heat treatment, Physical, Mechanical, Chemical properties, FT-IR
Abstract: In this study, the effect of heat treatment on air-dry density (Dm), oven-dry density (D0), shrinkage ( ?),swelling (?), compression strength parallel to grain (?c//), bending strength (?b), modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending, brinell-hardness (HB), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), chemical content and cellulose crystallinity of oak (Quercus petraea Lieb.) wood were examined. Wood specimens were subjected to heat treatment under atmospheric pressure at three different air temperature (130, 180 and 230oC) and two different time levels (2h and 8h). The results showed that value of Dm Do maximum moisture content (MMC), ?, ?, ?b, MOE, ?c//, EMC and holocellulose ratio were decreased whereas the values of density in volume (Db ), HB , lignin content, 1% NaOH and alcohol solubility values increased depending on the heating temperature and the time. The changes in cellulose crystallinity of the specimens were not significant. At heat treatment process, 130oC has minimum effect; on the other hand, 230oC has maximum effect on all properties of treated wood. Accordingly, for heat treatment process, 130oC for 2h should be applied in place where mechanical properties are important. However, 230oC for 2 h should be used in place where physical properties are preferred. Treated oak could be utilized in applications for several purposes such as musical instruments, kitchen furniture, outdoor furniture and windows frames.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52238
Title: Trace metals sequestration in desert plants of Kuwait
Author: Bu-Olayan A.H. and Thomas B.V
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 13, No (3) , September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Desert plants, BAF, TF, air pollution, Kuwait
Abstract: Trace metals associated with rapid industrialization showed possible pollution impact in the Kuwait arid ecosystem. Desert plants that were apportioned in the six Governorate areas of Kuwait representing the residential, industrial and recreational sites (GI-VI) were assessed for trace metals. Trace metal concentrations were found high in leaves>shoot>root irrespective of the species. Trace metals concentrations were observed the least in soil when compared to the three parts of the desert plants. Tamarix aucherana showed high trace metals concentration than the other species. Governorate area (G2) showed high trace metals levels among the six Governorates indicating the significance of pollution due to urban development over the recent years. The mean metal-wise analysis in plants revealed the sequence of Cu (49.99 ?g/g) > Zn (27.51 ?g/g) > Fe (22.58 ?g/g) > Ni (16.82 ?g/g) > Pb (7.26 ?g/g) > V (2.52 ?g/g) . Trace metal Translocation Factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in all the plants were >1, thus labeling these ANOVA tests on species-wise analysis revealed significant differences between TF and BAF. Thus, trace metals mobilization from soil to these plants characterized them as trace metals pollution indicators.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None