ID: 52387
Title: Metal Analysis of Pulp: ICP-AES, XRF and ISE Methods and their on-line Feasibility
Author: Sillanpaa Mika and Ramo Jaakko
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Pulp, Metal Analysis, On line feasibility
Abstract: This study summarizes the performance of three analytical methods. ICP-AES, XRF and ISE have been studied in pulp matrix with the aim of finding out their feasibility for on-line analysis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52386
Title: Synthesis and Antitubercular Acitivity of Some Novel Schiff ' s Bases of 2-Amino-5-Aryl-1, 3, 4-Oxadiazoles
Author: Rajak Harish and Gupta Arun Kumar
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Microplate alamar blue assay, antitubercular activity, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, Schiff ' s base
Abstract: Current scenario greatly demands some newer classes of drugs due to ever increasing problem of resistance in the treatment of tuberculosis, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. With this aim twenty schiff bases of 2-amino-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been synthesized for their antitubercular activity. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and 13C-NMR spectral data. The antitubercular1properties of the compounds were investigated using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37 Rv at the single concentration, 6.25 ?g/ml. On critical observation of structures of the synthesized oxadiazoles, it can be concluded that all the compounds showing appreciable activity have-N02 group in one or both of the aromatic rings, which might be responsible for imparting considerable toxicity to the compounds, resulting in the antitubercular activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52385
Title: A Geospatial Modelling-based Assessment of Water Quality in and around Kaliveli watershed
Author: Abbasi Tasneem, Chari K.B. and Abbasi S.A
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Geospatial Modelling, Water quality, Kaliveli, Ground water
Abstract: Ground water has been catering to the ever increasing demands of domestic, industrial and irrigation sectors world-wide. Its role in providing water for drinking and irrigation in the regions such as the southern peninsular India has been particularly crucial due to the absence of perennial rivers in these regions. The quality of ground water in an area is essentially a function of initial composition of water, precipitation, land use and the natural geology of the area. Activities, natural and anthropogenic, affect the regional ground water quantity and quality to a great extent. In this context, we have conducted an assessment of the ground water quality of Kaliveli and its surroundings. Geospatial models have been constructed using GIS to identify areas with poor ground water quality.
A total of 41 sampling stations, distributed around the lake, were monitored periodically for one year. The pH, EC and other several essential parameters were analyzed and the results have been discussed with respect to the drinking and irrigation water quality criteria of BIS.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52384
Title: Statistical Sampling and Sludge Characterization at Tehran Oil Refinery
Author: Heidarzadeh Nima, Gitipour Saeid and Abdoli Mohammad Ali
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Refinery sludge, sampling plan, soil cleanup levels, petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, soil remediation
Abstract: Oily sludge samples generated from Tehran oil refinery (Pond 1) were evaluated for their contamination levels and an adequate remediation technique was proposed for the wastes. A simple random sampling method was used to collect the samples. The samples were analyzed to measure TPHs, PAHs and heavy metals concentrations in the sludge. Statistical analysis showed that seven samples were adequate to assess the sludge characterization with respect to TPHs analyses. The mean concentration of TPHs in the samples were measured to be 265594 ppm. A composite sample prepared from a mix of the seven samples were used to determine the sludge ' s additional characteristics. The composite sample analysis showed that there were not detectable amounts of PAHs in the sludge. In addition, mean concentrations of selected heavy metals including Ni, Pb, Cd and Zn were 2700, 850, 100 and 6100 ppm respectively. In order to assess the sludge contamination level, the results from the analysis were compared with soil cleanup levels. Due to a lack of national standards for soil cleanup levels in Iran, sludge pollutant concentrations were compared with standards set in developed countries to evaluate if the treatment of the sludge was required. According to the cleanup standards, the sludge was highly polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons. The results of the study indicated that incineration, biological treatment and solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatments would be the most appropriate methods for treatment of the sludges. In the case of S/S, due to high organic content of the sludge, it is recommended to use organophilic clays prior to treatment of the wastes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52383
Title: La(III) Sorption Studies on Poly [dibenzo-18-crown-6] for the Sequential Separation of La(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) in L-arginine
Author: Sabale Sandip R, Jadhav Deepali V and Mohite Baburao S
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6], La (III), L-arginine, sorption, separation
Abstract: Poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6] is used as a stationary phase to study the sorption behavior of La(III) in L-arginine medium. The quantitative adsorption of La(III) was found at 1X10-4 to 1X10-6M L-arginine. 1.0-8.0 M hydrochloric acid, 0.5-8.0 M hydrobromic acid and perchloric acid were found to be efficient eluents for La(III). The capacity of crown polymer for La(III) was found to be 1.37+ 0.01 mmol/g. The tolerance limit of various cations and anions for La(III) was determined. La(III) was quantitatively separated from other metal ions in binary as well as multicomponent mixtures. The study was extended to seequential separation of La(III), U(VI) and Th(IV). The good separation yields were obtained and have good reproducibility (+ 2%). The method incorporates the determination of La(III) in real sample. The method is simple, rapid and selective.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52382
Title: Study on Quick Cultivation of Granular Sludge and Its Characteristics in Acidogenic UASB
Author: Xu Zhonghui, Li Dongwei, Wang Kehao and Xiao Zuju
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Two-phase anaerobic, Acidogenic phase, Quick start-up, Granular sludge
Abstract: The start-up of two-phase UASB reactor designed for experiment is investigated in this paper, so as to seek the rapid start-up method. Glucose and starch are used as the organic-carbon source of the synthetic wastewater in the experiment. Starting up at low organic loading, the influent COD is increased quickly and HRT is shortened by stages, so that acidogenic phase can work in acidic optimal condition as soon as quickly. After 36 days of operation, 69% of total bioparticles are more than 1.0mm, and most of the granular diameter is between 2mm to 3mm in acidogenic reactor. So acidogenic phase achieves rapid start-up successfully.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52381
Title: Heavy Metals Contamination and its potential Health Risk with special reference to Narmada River at Nimar Region of Madhya Pradesh
Author: Ayachit Bhavana, Shrivastava Vibha, Tiwari Chitra Rekha and Jain Praveen
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Metals, metalloids, water quality, Narmada
Abstract: In the present work, water samples were collected monthly from October 2007 to August 2008 in triplicate, totaling 165 water samples. The five sampling locations were:the Omkareshwar Ghat (OG), Maheshwar Ghat (MG1); Mandleshwar Ghat (MG2); Navda Todi (NT), and Punasa Dam (PD). The levels of As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Ta, V and Zn were measured by using atomic absorption splectroscopy. In addition, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and total and fecal coliforms were determined. The statistical analysis considered a factorial treatment design; where factor A was the location point and factor B was sampling date. In addition, a multivariate technique looking for principal components was performed. Overall, the results confirmed that this stretch of hte Narmada river is contaminated with heavy metals and other contaminants that might affect human health as well as the health of the ecosystem.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52380
Title: Oxidation of Oilfield Sludge in Supercritical Water
Author: Guolin Jing, Shaopeng Qin, Baochen Cui, Ming Li, Lijie Xing and Shulin Li
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Supercritical water oxidation, Oilfield sludge, Crude oil, Removal
Abstract: Oilfield sludge was selected and its oxidation in supercritical water was investigated. The experimental results showed that carbon monoxide (CO) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are the intermediate products and carbon dioxide (CO2) is th ultimate product. When the reaction temperature is 713K, pressure is 24MPa, the residence time is 10min, then the crude oil removal of oilfield sludge could reach 95%. The residence time and reaction temperature are the main factors for crude oil removal of oilfield sludge. The removal increases iwth the rise of reaction temperature and residence time. Reaction pressure and original concentration of oxygen are also important, but when the reaction pressure and oxidant concentration reach a certain value, the crude oil removal changes little.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52379
Title: Adsorption of Cr(VI) by Attapulgite -Zeolite Composite Ceramisite from Aqueous Solution
Author: Wang Zheng, Jing Zhao-qian, Cheng Li-li, Shen Wei and Kong Yu
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Cr(VI), attapulgite, zeolite, Ceramisite, adsorption
Abstract: The adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by batch experiments using attapulgite-zeolite composite ceramisite was investigated. After SEM characterization of this ceramisite, the influences of pH, contact time, temperature, ceramisite dosage and initial Cr(VI) concentration on the removal percentage were investigated. Results showed that adsorption process was highly pH dependent. The optimum pH range for adsorption of Cr(VI) was found to be<1. Adsorption equilibrium attained within 2h time. The sorption of Cr(VI) increased with rise in temperature because adsorption process was endothermic. Increase in cermisite dosage led to increase in Cr (VI) adsorption due to increased number of adsorption sites. The removal percentage of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution decreased with increasing concentration of Cr(VI). Both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms were suitable for describing the sorption of Cr(VI) onto attapulgite-zeolite composite ceramisite with the correlation coefficients over 0.984. The attapulgite-zeolite composite ceramisite in this study shows very good promise for practical applicability of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52378
Title: Utilisation of Flyash as Gainful Resource Material for Green Brick Making
Author: Chaulia P.K, Ruj Biswajit and Maity S.N
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Flyash, bricks, compressive strength
Abstract: Coal based thermal power station during the process of burning of coal generates huge quantity of burnt solid residue ash and constitutes the biggest source of environmental degradation. The problem is likely to aggravate at a much faster rate in coming years as many more numbers of coal based thermal power stations are expected to be installed in the near future in India. It is estimated that the current annual production of flyash in the world is of the order 600 million tons and in India, it is approximately 112 million tons. It is fact that the huge quantity of flyash can be only utilized, if the applicatio is wide spread. Also, the application of the ash should be such that it should compete on cost economics with the conventional material being used for similar applications. The present study of the flyash brick has been carried out for four cases with the variation of cement percentage and with other constituent materials like fine sand, course sand, stone dust and blast furnace slag. The brick and paver block samples have been prepared and tested for compressive strength and water absorption. The cost effectiveness of the flyash brick over the conventional burnt clay brick has been made and it is observed that there is almost a saving of 30%. A comparative study of flyash brick has been made for dry density, crushing strength and water absorption value with that of burnt clay brick. It is observed from this study that flyash bricks exhibit higher strength, lighter weight and lower water absorption than that of common burnt clay brick.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52377
Title: Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Cement -treated and Cement/Sodium Silicate-treated Sewage Sludges
Author: Lo Shang-Lien and Hsiau Ping-Chin
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Cement, heavy metals, sewage sludge, sodium silicate
Abstract: Characteristics of heavy metals in cement-treated and cement/sodium silicate-treated sewage sludges were studied by bench processes. The results indicate that sodium silicate addition promotes the drying of alkaline sludge due to the formation of silica/silica gels that hold free water in sewage sludge. The CaCO3 equivalencies of cement-treated and cement/sodium silicate -treated sludges were 33.1% and 32.6% respectively. The CaCO3 peaks shown in XRD graphs for both alkaline sludges indicated the occurrence of carbonation, particularly for cement/sodium silicate-treated sludge. The micrograph of cement/sodium silicate-treated sludge shows the absence of needle-like ettringite, which commonly appears in Portland cement hydration. Heavy metals (e.g Cu) with higher affinity organics in sewage sludge become unstable in the sludge after chemical treatment. This explains why the order of the percentages of exchangeable metals in chemically treated sludges was the same as that of organically bound metals in untreated sludge. Some metals (e.g. Zn), however, become more stable in the sludge after chemical fixation, resulting from a lower affinity for organics.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52376
Title: Population dynamics and seasonal polyphenism of Chilades pandava butterfly (Lycaenidae) in central India
Author: Ashish Tiple, Deepa Agashe, Arun M. Khurad and Krushnamegh Kunte
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sicence Association , Vol 97, No 12, 25 December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Oriental region, phenotypic plasticity, Polyommatini, population biology, tropical butterflies
Abstract: Some butterfly species have environmentally induced alternative seasonal forms, which is known as seasonal polyphenism. Many examples of seasonally polyphenic speices are known but their population dynamics is poorly understood. Here we present seasonal polyphenism in Chilades pandava from central India, documenting patterns of population dynamics of alterntive seasonal forms as well as of total population size. We show that relative humidity explained most of the variation in population size, whereas precipitation negatively influenced the proportion of dry season forms in the population. However, dry season forms were more abundant during winter than during summer. This study reveals the multitude of ways in which the Indian monsoon governs aspects of butterfly biology, from population dynamics to wing colouration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52375
Title: Strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions in sediments from Godavari, Krishna and Pennar rivers
Author: S.Masood Ahmad, V.M.Padmakumari and G.Anil Babu
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sicence Association , Vol 97, No 12, 25 December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Bay of Bengal, Deccan Traps, river sediments, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions
Abstract: We report here strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotopic compositions in bed sediments from the Godavari, Krishna and Pennar rivers, draining into the Bay of Bengal. The isotopic compositions of these sediments range from 0.7190 to 0.7610 for 87Sr/86Sr and -12.04 to -23.68 for ?Nd. This wide range in Sr and Nd isotopes is derived from variable proportions of sediments from different rock types in their drainage basins. All the three rivers have their characteristic isotopic signatures. The results display highest 87Sr/86Sr (0.7610) and most negative ?Nd values (-23.68) for the sediments of Pennar river. This is attributed to the chemical weathering of gneisses and granites in its drainage basin. The 87Sr/86Sr and ?Nd values for the Godavari river sediments range from 0.7196 to 0.7210 and -15.31 to -18.22 respectively. 87Sr/86Sr and ?Nd values in Krishna river sediments lie from 0.7217 to 0.7301 and -12.04 to -12.78 respectively. Our results show that the sedimentary load from the Godavari and Krishna rivers is primarily derived from the older rocks in their drainage basins. It is possible that the sediments transported through peninsular Indian rivers predominantly control Sr and Nd isotope sedimentary budget in the western Bay of Bengal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52374
Title: Satellite-based geomorphological mapping for urban planning and development-a case study for Korba city, Chhattisgarh
Author: Arindam Guha, K.Vinod Kumar and A.Lesslie
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sicence Association , Vol 97, No 12, 25 December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Geomorphology, land use, lithology, urban planning
Abstract: Geomorphology is an important aspect which guides immensely in urban planning. Mapping of geomorphology not only gives an idea about the variations in landscape but also indirectly facilitates in evaluating the resources of an area. Present study shows the capability of satellite data in delineating major geomorphological units in an industrial area like Korba city. It has also been observed that geomorphological maps along with other relevant terrain-related information such as lithology and geological structures can delineate few important zones; each of these zones is suitable for specific type of urban development and planning. This communication highlights how a simplistic approach like logical integration of geomorphological and geological information can provide valuable inputs for urban planning and development.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52373
Title: Rainfall changes over tropical montane cloud forests of southern Western Ghats, India
Author: Muthusamy Murugan, Paddu Krishnappa Shetty, Auvudai Anandhi, Raju Ravi, Subbiah Alappan, Muhund Vasudevan and Sreeja Gopalan
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Sicence Association , Vol 97, No 12, 25 December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Meghamalai, montane cloud forest, precipitation change
Abstract: The southern Western Ghats tropical montane cloud forest sites (Gavi, Periyar, High wavys and Venniyar), which are characterized by frequent or seasonal cloud cover at the vegetation level, are considered one of the most threatened ecosystems in India and the world. Three out of four montane cloud forest sites studied in the sourthern western Ghats had experienced diminishing trends of seasonal average and total rainfall, especially during summer monsoon season. The highest level of reduction for summer monsoon season was observed at Gavi rainforest station (>20mm/14 years) in Kerala followed by Venniyar (>20 mm/20 years) site in Tamil Nadu. Average annual and total precipitation increased during the study period irrespective of the seasons over Periyar area, and the greatest values were recorded for season 2 (>25mm/28 years). Positive trends for winter monsoon rainfall has been observed for three stations (Periyar, High wavys and Venniyar) except Gavi, and the trend was positive and significant (90%) for Periyar and High wavys. Increase in summer monsoon rainfall was observed for Periyar site and the trend was found to be significant (95%).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None