ID: 52402
Title: Large-area rice yield forecasting using satellite imageries
Author: Yi-Ping Wang, Kuo-Wei Chang, Rong-Kuen Chen, Jeng-Chung Lo, Yuan Shen
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of applied earth obserbation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Paddy rice, Yield forecasting, Country/village scale, Remote sensing
Abstract: Ability to make large-area yield prediction before harvest is important in many aspects of agricultural decision-making. In this study, canopy reflectance band ratios (NIR/RED, NIR/GRN) of paddy rice (Oryza sativaL) at booting stage, from field measurements conducted from 1999 to 2005, were correlated with the corresponding yield data to derive regression-type yield prediction models for the first and second season crop, respectively. These yield models were then validated with ground truth measurements conducted in 2007 and 2008 at eight sites, of different soil properties, climatic conditions, and various treatments in cultivars planted and N application rates, using surface reflectance retrieved from atmosherically corrected SPOT imageries. These validation tests indicated that root mean square error of predicting grain yields per unit area by the proposed models were less than 0.7 T ha-1 for both cropping seasons. Since village is the basic unit for nationa rice yield census statistics in Taiwan, the yield models were further used to forecast average regional yields for 14 selected villages and compared with officially reported data. Results indicate that the average yield per unit area at village scale can be forecasted with a root mean square error of 1.1 T ha-1 provided no damaging weather occurred during the final month before actual harvest. The methodology can be applied to other optical sensors with similar spectral bands in the visible/near-infrared and to different geographical regions provided that the relation between yield and spectral index is established.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52401
Title: Retrieval of chlorophyll and nitrogen in Norway spruce (picea abies L.Karst.) using imaging spectroscopy
Author: Martin Schlerf, Clement Atzberger, Joachim Hill, Henning Buddenbaum, Willy Werner, Gebhard Schuler
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of applied earth obserbation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Imaging spectrometry, Hyperspectral, Spectroscopy, Spectral transformation, Chlorophyll, Nitrogen, Norway spruce, Forest
Abstract: The research evaluated the information content of spectral reflectance (laboratory and airborne data) for the estimation of needle chlorophyll (CAB) and nitrogen (CN) concentration in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.karst) needles. To identify reliable predictive models different types of spectral transformations were systematically compared regarding the accuracy of prediction. The results of the cross-validated analysis showed that CAB can be well estimated from laboratory and canopy reflectance data. The best predictive model to estimate CAB was achieved from laboratory spectra using continuum-removal transformed data (R2cv = 0.83 and a relative RMSEcv of 8.1% n=78) and from hyperspectral HyMap data using band-depth normalised spectra (R2cv=0.90, relative RMSEcv = 2.8%, n=13). Concerning the nitrogen concentration, we observed somewhat weaker relations, with however still acceptable accuracies (at canopy level: R2cv = 0.57, relative RMSEcv=4.6%). The wavebands selected in the regression models to estimate CAB were typically located in the red edge region and near the green reflectance peak. For CN, additional wavebands related to a known protein absorption feature at 2350 nm were selected. The portion of selected wavebands attributable to known absorption features strongly depends on the type of spectral transformation applied. A method called "water removal" (WR) produced for canopy spectra the largest percentage of wavebands directly or indirectly related to known absorption features. The derived chlorophyll and nitrogen maps may support the detection and the monitoring of environmental stressors and are also important inputs to many bio-geochemical process models.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52400
Title: Determination of land degradation causes in Tongyu Country, Northeast China via land cover change detection
Author: Jay Gao, Yansui Liu
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of applied earth obserbation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Land degradation, Rehabilitation of degraded land, Change detection, Landsat TM, Northeast China
Abstract: Tongyu Country in Northeast China is highly prone to land degradation due to its fragile physical settings characterized by a flat topography, a semi-arid climate, and a shallow groundwater table. This study aims to determine the causes of land degradation through detecting the long-term trend of land cover changes. Degraded lands were mapped from satellite images recorded in 1992 and 2002. These land cover maps revealed that the area subject to land degradation in the form of soil salinization, waterlogging and desertification increased from 2400 to 4214 km2, in sharp contrast to most severely degraded land that decreased by 122.5 km2. Newly degraded land stems from productive farmland (263 km2), harvested farmland (551 km2), and grassland (468 km2). Therefore, the worsened degradation situation is attributed to excessive reclamation of grassland for farming, over cultivation, overgrazing, and deforestation. Mechanical, biological, ecological and engineering means should be adopted to rehabilitate the degraded land.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52399
Title: Remote sensing and avian influenza: A review of image processing methods for extracting key variables affecting avian influenza virus survival in water from Earth Observation satellites
Author: Annelise Tran, Flavie Goutard, Lise Chamaille, Nicolas Baghdadi, Danny Lo Seen
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of applied earth obserbation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Remote sensing, Water, Avian influenza, H5N2 virus
Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of water in the transmission of avian influenza (AI) viruses and the existence of often interacting variables that determine the survival rate of these viruses in water; the two main variables are temperature and salinity. Remote sensing has been used to map and monitor water bodies for several decades. In this paper, we review satellite image analysis methods used for water detection and characterization, focusing on the main variables that influence AI virus survival in water. Optical and radar imagery are useful for detecting water bodies at different spatial and temporal scales. Methods to monitor the temperature of large water surfaces are also available. Current methods for estimating other relevant water variables such as salinity, pH, turbidity and water depth are not presently considered to be effective.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52398
Title: A Two Stage Method to Estimate Species-specific Growing Stock
Author: Petteri Packalen, Aki Suvanto, and Matti Maltamo
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 12, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Forest inventory system, ALS data, Orthorectified aerial photographs, DN values
Abstract: Information about tree species-specific forest characteristics is often a compulsory requirement of the forest inventory system. In Finland, the use of a combination of ALS data and orthorectified aerial photographs has been studied previously, but there are some weaknesses in this approach. First, aerial photographs need radiometric correction, and second, the ALS points and aerial photographs are not properly fused due to the radial displacement. In this study, ALS points are linked to unrectified aerial photographs of known orientation parameters, which enables better fusion. Each ALS point is mapped to several aerial photographs, and the average of DN values is utilized; this averaging is considered to be a good substitute for radiometric correction. The new two-stage method is compared to the approach in which only ALS data is used. The results show the benefits of using aerial photographs together with ALS data in order to estimate tree species-specific characteristics. Compared to earlier studies, the new two-stage method shows a considerable improvement in applicability in operational use.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52397
Title: Thematic Accuracy Consequences in Cadastre Land-cover Enrichment from a Pixel and from a Polygon Perspective
Author: P.Serra, G.More, and X. Pons
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 12, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: crop raster maps, remote sensing, fidelity, purity, pixel, polygon
Abstract: In this paper, cadastre agricultural cartography was enriched using crop raster maps obtained from remote sensing images. The work demonstrates the implications of applying two new terms: fidelity and purity. Per-pixel classifications and polygon enrichments were compared taking into account: (a) the consequences of using a more or less conservative strategy at the classification stage, using fidelity, and (b) the conseequences of using modal thresholds at the enrichment stage when deciding which category each polygon is to be assigned to, using purity. More than 300,000 pixels and 2,800 polygons were used to measure the thematic accuracy of ten agricultural categories by means of confusion matrices. These were computed at pixel, polygon, and area level. Thematic accuracy was calculated in the classical way and without taking into account unclassified pixels as errors, as well as by paying special attention to the consequences for the classified area. The results show that polygon enrichment is a useful methodology, achieving thematic accuracies of 95.6 percent, when optimum parameters are used, while classifying 87.4 percent of the area.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52396
Title: A Simplified Analytical Model for a -priori Lidar Point-positioning Error Estimation and a Review of Lidar Error Sources
Author: Mihaela Triglav-cekada, Fabio Crosilla, and Mojca Kosmatin-Fras
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 12, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Lidar error models, basic systematic error sources, the flight -mission-related error sources, target-characteristic-related error sources.
Abstract: Although various rigorous lidar error models already exist and examples of a -posteriori studies of lidar data accuracies verified with field -work can be found in the literature, a simple measure to define a-priori error sizes is not available. In this paper, the lidar error contributions are described in detail: the basic systematic error sources, the flight -mission-related error sources, and the target-characteristic-related error sources. A review of the different error-source sizes is drawn from the literature in order to define the boundary conditions for each error size. Schenk ' s geolocation equation is used as a basis for deriving a simplified error model . This model enables a quick calculation and gives a -priori plausible values for the average and maximum error size, independent of the scan and heading angles as well as being independent of any specific lidar system ' s characteristics. Additionally, some notes are provided for assistance when ordering lidar data, to enable easier a-posteriori quality control.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52395
Title: A New Approach for Pass-point Generation from Aerial Video Imagery
Author: Benjamin E. Wilkinson, Bon A.Dewitt, Adam C.Watts, Ahmed H. Mohamed, and Matthew A. Burgess
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 12, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Video images, small autonomous unmanned aircraft, geometrical configuration, redundancy
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for automatically finding conjugate points between video images collected by a small autonomous unmanned aircraft. Our approach introduces the idea of saving the resampled patch from successive least-squares matching epochs and using them as templates for subsequent images. Tests show that this method is superior to using the first image as a template for all subsequent matching attempts. We show how the algorithm performs in terms of retention of points on successive images, distribution of points on the images, and utility when used for bundle adjustments in comparison with the conventional method of using the first image as a template. Our proposed method is able to match points on an average of 2.7 times as many images before failure compared with using the conventional method. This leads to stronger geometrical configuration, higher redundancy, and utlimately, significantly better bundle adjustment solutions.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52394
Title: An Object-space Simulation Method for Low-cost Digital Camera Stability Testing
Author: Derek D, Lichti, Ayman Habib, and Ivan Detchev
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 12, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Low cost digital cameras, photogrammetric applications, Interior Orientation Parameters (IOPs)
Abstract: The widespread availability and low cost of digital cameras has been the impetus for their increased use for photogrammetric applications. The metric suitability of these cameras is critically dependent upon the stability of their interior orientation parameters (IOPs), which can be evaluated by simulation methods. Focused on aerial photogrammetry, this paper presents a new method that assesses the impact of camera stability in terms of the accuracy of object space terrain reconstruction from a large number of simulations. The results of this method are compared with those from two simulation procedures based on single-photo resection for ten sets of IOPs from three different low-cost digital cameras and are found to be in close agreement in terms of the decision about camera stability. Detailed analyses show the method is relatively insensitive to the distribution of ground control points used for camera orientation and the realism of the randomly-generated terrain, but is highly sensitive to the range of simulated terrain heights and image point measurement precision.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52393
Title: A Case Study of Developing An Olive Tree Database for Turkey
Author: Nihal Ceylan, Ediz Unal, and Josiane Masson
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 12, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Geographic information system (GIS) ,olive tree registration database,Integrated Administrative Control System (IACS), OLICOUNT software
Abstract: This study was conducted to develop an olive tree registration database using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology. It also provides information on the methodology used for the database development for the candidate country during its accession process to the European Union. Since olive farming has a great importance to the Turkish economy, an olive registration database supported by GIS and compatible with the Integrated Administrative Control System (IACS) is needed for adaptation to the European Commission Common Agricultural Policy. In this study, cadastral maps and satellite images were used to count olive trees using the OLICOUNT software developed by the Joint Research Center of the European Commission in order to develop an olive tree database. According to the analysis of the counting results for the test sites with 2,291 trees, overall omission error was 11.1 percent and commission error was 2.94 percent. These results indicate that the determination of olive trees by OLICOUNT within the area of interest has 90.37 percent accuracy that makes the method reasonably reliable.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52392
Title: Influence of Resolution in Irrigated Area Mapping and Area Estimation
Author: N.M.Velpuri, P.S.Thenkabail, M.K.Gumma, C.Biradar, V.Dheeravath, P.Noojipady and L.Yuanjie
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 12, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: irrigated areas, Krishna river basin, NOAA AVHRR, Terra MODIS 500m, Terra MODIS 250m, Landsat ETM +30m
Abstract: The overarching goal of this paper was to determine how irrigated areas change with resolution (or scale) of imagery. Specific objectives investigated were to (a) map irrigated areas using four distinct spatial resolutions (or scales), (b) determine how irrigated areas change with resolutions, and (c) establish the causes of differences in resolution-based irrigated areas. The study was conducted in the very large Krishna River basin (India), which has a high degree of formal contiguous, and informal fragmented irrigated areas. The irrigated areas were mapped using satellite sensor data at four distinct resolutions:(a) NOAA AVHRR Pathfinder 10,000m, (b) Terra MODIS 500m, (c) Terra MODIS 250m, and (d) Landsat ETM+30m. The proportion of irrigated areas relative to Landsat 30m derived irrigated areas (9.36 million hectares for the Krishna basin) were (a) 95 percent using MODIS 250m, (b) 93 percent using MODIS 500m, and (c) 86 percent using AVHRR 10,000m. In this study, it was found that the precise location of the irrigated areas were better established using finer spatial resolution data. A strong relationship (R2 = 0.74 to 0.95) was observed between irrigated areas determined using various resolutions, This study proved the hypotheses that "the finer the spatial resolution of the sensor used, greater was the irrigated area derived", since at finer spatial resolutions, fragmented areas are detected better. Accuracies and errors were established consistently for three classes (surface water irrigated, ground water/conjunctive use irrigated, and non-irrigated) across the four resolutions mentioned above. The results showed that the Landsat data provided significantly higher overall accuracies (84 percent) when compared to MODIS 500 m (77 percent), MODIS 250m (79 percent), and AVHRR 10,000 m (63 percent).
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52391
Title: An Introduction to Thermodynamic Modeling, Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Author: Mojumdar S.C, Prasad R, Sun L, Venart J.E.S, Eichhorn S.H, Iqbal M, Elkamel A, Madhurambal G, Meenakshisundaram S, Varshney K.G, Verenkar V.M.S, Jona E, Janotka I, Ray A and Chowdhury B
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Thermodynamic modeling, DEA, DMA, DSC, DTG, EGA, OTTA, TGA, thermal conductivity, TMA, ?TA, applications of TA
Abstract: Thermodynamic modelling is a powerful tool for predicting and understanding the behaviour of various systems. There are many thermoanalytical techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high resolution thermogravimetric analysis (Hi-ResTMTGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), thermodilatometry (TD), dielectric thermal analysis (DEA), optical transmittance thermal analysis (OTTA), evolved gas analysis (EGA), ?-thermal analysis (?TA), isothermal pressure transducer analysis (ITPTA), transient thermal analysis (TTA) and thermal conductivity (k). Simultaneously thermal analysis (STA) is ideal for investigating issues such as the glass transition of modified glasses, binder burnout, dehydration of ceramic materials or decomposition behaviour of inorganic building materials, also with gas analysis. Thermodynamic modeling and various thermoanalytical techniques and their applications from medicine to construction have been discussed in this paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52390
Title: Alternative Filter Media for Roughing Filters
Author: Nkwonta O.I and Ochieng G.M
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Gravel, roughing filter, sedimentation, charcoal, broken burnt bricks
Abstract: Roughing filters can be considered as a major pre-treatment process for wastewater, since they efficiently separate fine solids particles over prolonged periods without addition of chemicals. Roughing filtration does not need constant operator attention, making them an appropriate technology for water treatment. This study summarizes and evaluates modifications to roughing filtration technology which may address these limitations without compromising the simplicity of the treatment process. Successful modifications include broken burnt bricks, charcoal, coconut fibre, limestone and plastic materials as filter media. In this modification, the filter material should have a large specific surface to enhance the sedimentation process taking place in the roughing filter and high porosity to allow the accumulation of the separate solids. The paper also reviews the various filter media that enable this technology to be applied more widely than would have been appropriate two decades ago.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52389
Title: Oil Spill Trajectory Simulation and Coastal Sensitivity Risk Mapping
Author: Pradhan Biswajeet and Assilzadeh Hamid
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Oil Spills, Risk, Trajectory Modelling, GIS
Abstract: This paper deals with detection of oil spill areas from Radarsat images for the Tanjung Piai coast of Strait of Malacca and subsequently model those spilled areas to generate coastal sensitivity index maps for the study area. Spill areas were classified based on their chemical composition and were extracted from satellite images supported with field surveys. Maps of the topograph, land cover were constructed from the spatial data sets in GIS. Bathymetry map, shoreline sensitivity, socioeconomic, biological, wind and sea current data were extracted from various resources and modeled in GIS for oil spill trajectory simulation analysis. An oil spill simulation model was developed as a way to find the suitable solution for emergency response and management in case of any future spill occurs in the study area. Remote sensing, GIS and other geomatic systems can be employed to mitigate the age-old problems of information availability and timeliness, data management and synoptic inventory of natural resources when an oil spill caused by accident or human error. This paper describes application of remote sensing and GIS for detecting, mapping, evaluating and modeling of spills in sea environments in order to reduce responding time and qualify the decision making process in contingency planning.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52388
Title: Fluorescene Studies of Catacondensed Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Correlation of Spectra-Structural Features
Author: Barghouthi Samira and Walwil Abdalla M
Editor: Dr Shankar Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment , Vol 13(4), December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Fluorescence, catacondensed, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acridine, triphenylene
Abstract: The chemical and spectral relationships between the studied aromatic systems are observed based on the free-electron model that could be used to classify spectra of condensed aromatic hydrocarbons. Some suggested catacondensed compounds are naphthalene (two benzene rings), anthracene (three linear benzene rings), phenanthrene (three benzene rings (angled)), acridine (three linear benezene rings with nitrogen) and triphenylene (four benzene rings, one central and three peripheral). The most interesting aspect would be to compare fluorescene excitation spectra with fluorescence emission and to explain cases of mirror images spectra (such as anthracene) versus those that are not mirror images (such as phenanthrene).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None