ID: 52627
Title: Polysaccharides, Proteins and Lipids from basidiomycetous fungi
Author: J.Vinaya Sagar Goud, Kandukuri Vasu and M.A. Singara Charya
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Basidiomycetous fungi, food supplement, antitumour properties, immunomodulating, properties
Abstract: Fruiting bodies of 40 basidiomycetes species were screened for the presence of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. Maximum amounts were observed in Fomes fomentarious (187.2 mg/g), Grifola berkely (265.4 mg/g) and Strobilomyces sp. (4.1 mg/g) respectively. High amounts of polysaccharides and proteins are recorded in six species and lipids in nine species. The study forms the basis for selection of potent species of medicinal importance.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52626
Title: Avifauna along Krishna river near Sangli city, Maharashtra
Author: Sanjay M. Kumbhar, Sanjay S. Sathe and Sharad D Apte
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Avifauna, migratory birds, Krishna river basin, Sangli city
Abstract: River Krishna passes through Sangli city with a spread of about 5-7 kms. distance with adjoining villages like Padmale, Sangliwadi and Haripur. This area is very much suitable for number of local and migratory birds. The birds are warm blooded vertebrates able to survive in great climatic extremes than other animals. The present paper deals with the biodiversity of local avian fauna. The study was carried out during May 2004 to April 2006. In the present investigation 99 different species of birds from this area were recorded. The data explain that the 99 species belong to 14 Orders and 36 Families. The adjoining area has agricultural fields as well as water logged soil with marshy habitat. This area shows plant species like Typha latifolia, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon and many other members of Cyperaceae and Poaceae. Similarly some common shrubs and trees are also observed. Due to presence of marshy land and plants, the birds get natural environment for settlement. Maximum number of birds were observed during winter followed by rainy and summer season. The species of birds like egrets, doves, crows and sparrows are common in occurrence. The migratory species like ducks, wagtails, stilts, plovers, etc are also recorded.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52625
Title: Inhibition effect of eco-friendly extract of Euphorbia hirta on dissolution of mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium
Author: P.K.Kasthuri and A.Arulanantham
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Mild steel, Euphorbia hirta, plant extract, corrosion inhibitor,acid inhibitors, temkin adsorption
Abstract: The influence of the addition of acid extract of Euphorbia hirta on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCL was studied by weight loss measurement. The inhibition efficiency increases with extract concentration and immersion period. The effect of temperature studied indicated that inhibition efficiency increased with temperature. The negative value of the free energy of adsorption indicates spontaneous adsorption. The inhibitor obeys Temkin adsorption isotherm. The inhibition activity is due to the adsorption of active components which are found in the Euphorbia hirta extract.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52624
Title: Parthenium hysterophorus induced genotoxic hazards in Allium cepa L.
Author: Vishnu Shankar Sinha
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Parthenium extract, Chromosomal, abnormality, mitotic index, genotoxic hazards
Abstract: The paper deals with allelopathic effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L.extract on the meristametic cells of onion (Allium cepa L). The root tips of onion were treated with different concentrations (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) of Parthenium extract for 4 hrs at room temperature. The Parthenium extract was prepared from plant parts such as leaf, stem, inflorescene and whole plant and the treated root tips were squashed in freshly prepared 2% acetocarmine solution. The results revealed that Parthenium extract exerts mitotic depression causing chromosomal abnormalities such as fragments, stickiness, nuclear vacuolation, bridge, laggards and micronuclei. The mitotic abnormalities were gradually increased with increasing concentration of the extract. Percentage of abnormal cells varied from 9.58 (10%Parthenium stem) to 40.59 (100% Parthenium inflorescene). The gradation of genotoxicity of different parts of Parthenium were noted as inflorescene > whole plant> leaf> stem. Parthenium may be considered as a strong genotoxic agent. The suppression of DNA content due to the application of Parthenium is another potential threat to the genomic balance which may cause the deviation of normal metabolic activities from its original parental line.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52623
Title: Environmental awareness among school students: A case study of Nanded city, Maharashtra
Author: Anand R.Ashturkar, Sudhir V. Shivanikar and Prabhakar N.Wavde
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Environmental education, Environmental awareness, School students, Nanded city
Abstract: Environmental education creates an overall perspective, which acknowledges the fact that natural environment and man-made environment are interdependent. Environmental education should consider the environment in its totality and should be a continuous lifelong process beginning at the school level and continuing through all stages because the best way to attempt to bring about a change in the attitude in the society is through children. With this realization the present study assesses the status of environmental awareness, impact of environmental teaching programmes and the need for environmental education among school students of Nanded city, Maharashtra. Lack of environmental awareness among the students was observed. It is unequivocally demonstrated that environmental education is essential among these students to increase the awareness about the environmental issues.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52622
Title: Nutritional status and energy content of a freshwater spiny eel, Mastacembelus armatus during reproductive cycle
Author: S.D.Ahirrao
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Freshwater spiny eel, Mastacembelus armatus, Nutrient status, Energy content, Reproductive cycle
Abstract: The nutritional and energy content in form of the protein glycogen and fat along with moisture content of muscle, liver and ovary were examined with respect to reproductive cycle in female Mastacembelus armatus. In the muscle and liver the content of protein glycogen and lipid were found highest in the resting phase compared to the other phase. On the other hand these were found high in ovary in the spawning phase compared to the other phase. Similarly the energy content of the muscle and liver was also found high in resting phase than the other phases. The energy content of ovary was found highest during spawning season in comparison to the other phases of reproductive cycle. A decline of the nutrient in the muscle and liver during the spawning phase is observed, which may be attributed to less feeding during this period and diversion of body reservoirs to the gonads development during spawning phase.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52621
Title: Vegetation and floristic analysis of forest of Toranmal and Environs of the Satpuda ranges
Author: S.A.Khairnar and Dnyan Patil
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Floristic analysis, forest of Toranmal, forest types, Satpuda ranges
Abstract: Four types of spatial vegetation distribution patterns have been found in the two qualitative forest types in the study area. The soil characterisitcs, topographic features, increased human activites and availability of water have influence on the formation of these vegetation and forest types and the dominance of certain plant species. Satellite images, aerial photographs and field observations interpretations indicated changing of the vegetation and land-use pattern nearby the human settlements. These changes are artificial and made by inhabitants for their survival. Floristic analyses lead to an identification of 109 families, 386 genera and 539 plant species belonging to angiospermic, pteridophytic and bryophytic plant groups. 376 plant species showed varied potential in them, and such plant species are seen to be exploited at a larger scale. Most of them have been locally threatened and become conservation dependent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52620
Title: Decolourisation of reactive Black 5 Dye by a white rot fungi Trametes versicolor
Author: Varsha K Vaidya and Ati S Anand
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Dye decolourisation, reactive black 5 dye, Trametes versicolor, white rot fungi, orthogonal array design
Abstract: Azo dyes represent the largest class of organic colourants listed in the Colour Index (60-70%) and makeup vast majority of the dyes discharged by textile industry. Due to high cost, low efficiency and inapplicability of several physico-chemical decolourisation techniques, biological processes such as the use of white-rot fungi provide an alternative to this problem. In the present work, ability of Trametes versicolor to decolourise an azo dye viz., Reactive Black 5 was evaluated under shaker conditions by statically grown culture using different sources of carbon and nitrogen. At the end of the 8 hours, Reactive Black 5 was decolourised to an extent of 25.12% in the medium containing glucose. The nitrogen source that supported the highest decolourisation (62.93%) of the dye at the end of 24 hours was yeast extract. Further optimization was carried out by the Orthogonal Array design for the optimization of the medium and to determine the effect of glucose, yeast extract and copper sulphate on the dye decolourisation. The data were analysed using Minitab software 15.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52619
Title: Hydrogeochemical studies by Multivariate statistical analysis in Upper Thirumanimuthar sub-basin, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: M.Suresh, B.Gurugnanam, S.Vasudevan, B.Rajeshkanna, K.Dharanirajan and N.Prabhakaran
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater, Hydrogeochemical studies, multivariate statistical, analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis
Abstract: In the present paper deals with the study of hydrogeochemistry of groundwater by multivariate statistical techniques such as factor and cluster analyses. The upper Thirumanimuthar sub-basin, Cauvery River, hard rock terrain in Salem District covering an area of about 346.40 km2 has been selected for the study. Fifty one samples were collected during premonsoon season 2007 and analysed for various water quality parameters like pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, CO3, SO4, Cl and TH. Hydrogeochemical data of 51 groundwater samples were subjected to Q- and R-mode factor and cluster analysis. R-mode analysis reveals the interrelations among the variables studied and the Q-mode analysis reveals the interrelations among the samples studied. The R-mode factor analysis shows that Na and Cl with HCO3 account for most of the electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of the groundwater. The ' single dominance ' nature of the majority of the factors in the R-mode analysis indicates non-mixing or partial mixing of different types of groundwaters. Both Q-mode factor and R-mode cluster analyses show that there is an exchange between the river water and adjacent groundwater. Cluster classification map reveals that 97.79% of the study area comes under cluster I classification.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52618
Title: Assessment groundwater quality in and around Bellary City of Karnataka, India
Author: T.Suresh, N.M.Kottureshwara and M.Revanasiddappa
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater quality, Sodium adsorption ratio, Piper trilinear diagram, USSL classification
Abstract: The quality fo groundwater in and around Bellary city of Karnataka has been studied. Various parameters, viz., turbidity, pH, electrical conductance, total hardness, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, fluoride, sulphate, nitrate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, mangneses and coliform bacteria have been determined to evaluate its suitability for domestic and irrigation applications. The higher values of certain parameters at various locations indicate the influence of geological formation and infiltraton making the water unsuitable for domestic applications. The values of sodium adsorption ratio indicate that majority of samples fall under the category of low to medium sodium hazards. The groundwater of the study area has also been classified on the basis of Piper trilinear and US Salinity Classification schemes. The presence of E.coli in six samples indicates dangerous faecal contamination, which require immediate attention.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52617
Title: Pollution control in multi-cylinder S.I.engines using metal oxide pellets
Author: K.Parthiban and K.Jeyachandran
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Multi-cylinder S.I, engines, Metal oxide pellets, Catalytic convertor, exhaust emissions
Abstract: Internal combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during the combustion process. The emissions exhausted into surroundings not only pollute atmosphere but remains harmful to human beings The emissions are mainly CO, HC, NOx, CO2, etc. The major causes of the emissions of pollutants are non-stoichiometric combustion, oxidation and reduction of nitrogen and the impurities in the fuel and air. Several approaches to control the emissions are being pursued like post-treatment of exhaust gases and in-cylinder combustion control, etc. Thermal or catalytic converters and particulte traps are used in case of post-treatment of exhaust gases. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to control the engine exhaust emissions by using metal oxide pellet catalytic convertors. The pellets are being made by using special die and Compression Testing Machine (CTM). The resuts obtained from the experiments using the pellets of ferric oxide, magnesium oxide, cobalt oxide, and the combination of these were analysed. The emission control achieved by adopting this technique was found effective.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52616
Title: Screening of potential Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates for Costus speciosus, a Medicinal plant in unsterile soil
Author: Pushpa K.Kavatagi and H.C.Lakshman
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Costus speciosus sm, Arbuscular mycorrhizal, fungi, AMF colonization, Rhizosphere
Abstract: Selection of an efficient Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species for inoculum production is an important step towards adapting mycorrhizal inoculum technology in crop production. In this direction six indigenous AM species were screened, isolated, identified and cultured on two promising host plants of maize and Johnson grass. When host plant had optimum AMF colonization with respective AMF species; Glomus intraradices, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus microcarpum, Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora margarita and Sclerocystis dussii were inoculated to Costus speciosus sm in unsterilized soil. Overall result revealed that Sclerocystis dussii was most efficient AM Fungus to Costus speciosus sm, a medicinal shrub. There was significant increase in plant height, leaf length, leaf number, total chlorophyll content in leaves and increased stem tubers length, tuber diameter and phosphorus content as compared to control uninoculated plants. However, this enhanced growth response was influenced by other promising AMF species, Glomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora margarita. The underground stem tubers and their phosphorus content increased with the inoculation of Sclerocystis dussii followed by Glomus mosseae and Glomus microcarpum. Therefore, an efficient indigenous Sclerocystis dussii may be made to inoculate on Costus speciosus sm tuber cuttings in an unsterilized soil to get healthy seedling stock.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52615
Title: Biomodification of coal fly ash by Eichhornia with respect to improvement in physicochemical properties for cultivation of wheat
Author: Krishna Rani and S.Kalpana
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Coal fly ash, Compost, Triticum aestivum, water hyacinth
Abstract: Pot and field experiments were conducted to study the effect of levels of coal fly ash (CFA) on physicochemical properties of soil, CFA amended soil and the yield parameters of wheat. The objective of the experiment was to initiate a reaction between the constituents of soil and CFA to upgrade the quality of soil to make it suitable for the cultivation of wheat. Physicochemical studies have been carried out for different composts obtained by successive replacement of CFA for soil in constituents of original and reference composts. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was used as organic manure. Physicochemical analaysis was conducted after the harvest of wheat. CFA, a by product of kota Super Thermal Power Station, was used. Increase in rate of growth and improvement in quality of produce was observed with the increase in percentage of CFA up to 40%. A study of graded level of CFA amended soils revealed an increase in the content of micro and macronutrients.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52614
Title: Interpretation of Water Quality Data by multivariate statistical tools: A study in Mysore district, Karnataka, India
Author: Nilufer Arshad and G.S.Gopalakrishna
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Water quality, groundwater, multivariate statistical, analysis, Mysore district
Abstract: In the management of water resources, variables which control the quality of water, are just as important as its quantity. Hydrochemical assessment of water quality of surface and groundwater for 58 samples was made during postmonsoon of 2007 from strategic locations in Husnur Taluk. Water quality data collected from different localities are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical technique to identify key variables. In surface, four components were extracted which account for 84.46% of the total variance. The first component shows that the EC and TDS play an important role in the hydrochemical constituents of the surface water. In groundwater samples, 5 components were extracted, which account for 95% of the total variance. The maximum number of variables, i.e. Na, Cl, SO4, TDS and EC were characterized by the first component and show that the hydrochemical constituents of groundwater are mainly controlled by the first component. The ' single dominance ' nature fourth and fifth components in PCA indicate non-mixing or partial mixing of different types of groundwaters. The findings of the cluster analysis are presented in the form of dendogram of the sampling stations (cases) which produced three major gorups.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52613
Title: Heavy metal concentration in surface and sub surface waters along Tungabhadra River in Karnataka, India
Author: D.Siddaramu, K. Harish Babu, S. Prakash Naik and E.T.Puttaiah
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Heavy metals, water pollution, surface waters, groundwaters, Tungabhadra river
Abstract: The occurrence of heavy metals in surface and groundwater samples were measured at 8 sampling points along stretches of Tunga, Bhadra and Tungabhadra rivers of Karnataka. Eighteen surface and 33 groundwater samples were collected and the concentrations of 7 heavy metals (cadmium, nickel, lead, iron, manganese, zinc, copper) were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu were well below detectable level (BDL)and only Fe, Mn and Zn were detected in both types of water samples concentrations of Zn in both the water samples were well within the permissible limit of drinking water standards. The concentration of Fe in 43 and Mn in 33 water samples in the pre-monsoon, and Fe in 31 and Mn in 9 water samples in the post-monsoon seasons exceeded the permissible limit of drinking water standards. The purpose of this study was to identify distribution of the trace metal contaminants in surface and groundwaters along the river stretch, the findings of which would raise significant ecological and public health concerns.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None