ID: 52642
Title: Studies on controlled release of fertilizer zinc sulphate made with super phosphate as inert matrix
Author: N.Rakesh, D.Kamalakar, P.Kalpana and P.Rajendra Prasad
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: controlled release, release rate, fertilizer, inert matrix, binding agent
Abstract: The paper presents controlled release of zinc sulphate fertilizer made with super phosphate as inert matrix. Pellets were made from the mixture and the release rate of zinc sulphate with time was studied. The parameters covered are fractional zinc sulphate, fractional silicate lime, fractional super phosphate and diameter of the pellet. The parameters also measured with napthalene coating pellets and compared. The release rate expression was obtained and represented as :-rA = 5.85 fZnSO41.9 fs4.23fsl-0.72(d?p/ds)1.2. This study is useful to identify the controlled release of zinc sulphate fertilizer and also to predict the release rate at any instant of time.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52641
Title: Lead, fluoride and iron contaminants in drinking water of North Bihar (Katihar) and their impact on human health
Author: Uday Krishna, Sanjiv Kumar Singh and T.N.Mandal
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Drinking water, water contaminants, lead, fluoride, iron, Katihar district
Abstract: Katihar district is an important industrial town of North Bihar, situated on 87o4 ' E longitude and 25o3 ' N latitude. The source of drinking water in this district is mainly hand pumps. The water of this district may be categorised under "hard water". Its lead concentration was recorded in the range of 0.112 mg/L to 4.91 mg/L, while fluoride and Fe3+ were recorded in the range of 0.004-0.012 and 0.40-1.27 mg/L respectively. The high value of lead in drinking water of Katihar is responsible for kidney damage, neuro problems, and mental retardation in children. The low fluoride in the drinking water is responsible for large number of dental carries patients while very high value of iron in drinking water is responsible for colouring of teeth, clothes and potteries. In major portions of Katihar, the people have golden coloured teeth due to deposition of iron on the enamel of the teeth.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52640
Title: Effects of protein industry effluent on the seed germination, seedling growth and photosythetic pigment of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.Var.9)
Author: P.Sundaramoorthy, R.Balamurugan and D.Ramamoorthy
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Vigna mungo, protein industry effluent, germination studies, seedling growth, photosythetic pigment
Abstract: The effect of different concentrations of protein industry effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and pigment content of blackgram has been studied in the laboratory conditions. The germination percentage, seedling growth, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings, and photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoid were found to be retarded with increase of effluent concentration. However, the effluent at lower concentration of 5% promoted these growth parameters. No germination was recorded at 75 and 100 percent effluent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52639
Title: Fluoride and Environment - An Overview
Author: S.R.Lakshmi Prasad, V.Venkateswara Reddy and N. Kumara Swamy
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fluoride, dental caries, Dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, fluoride removal
Abstract: Presence of excess fluoride in water causes health hazards to humans and animals. Presence of fluoride in exceeding limits and its related problems to drinking water prevailing in many parts of India are well presented. Like any other pollutant, fluoride pollution can also occur due to, both natural and man-made sources. Fluoride in drinking water is known for both beneficial in detrimental effects on human health. Many solutions to solve fluoride problems have been recommended. Fluoride from water or wastewater can be removed by precipitation, adsorption and ion exchange methods. The ion exchange/adsorption process can be applied for fluoride removal under certain conditions. The method amenable for a given condition needs to be carefully selected keeping various aspects in mind. The paper presents the current knowledge of fluoride in environment including chemistry of fluoride, fluorides in the Indian scenario, effects of fluoride, and available methods of defluoridation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52638
Title: Natural farming in harmony with te sustainable ecosystem
Author: N. Nandini, B.S.Anupama and S.Pavithra
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, Natural farming, Chemical farming, pesticide, fertilizers, soil organic matter
Abstract: The concept of sustainable agriculture serves a broad range of needs at the local level and is highly important for the quality of life. Agriculture systems purposefully disrupt natural systems, in an ecological sense, through patterns of human intervention. The increased consumption pattern of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides has led to changes in physicochemical and biological properties of soil. The chemical farming system has led to considerable loss of soil organic matter showing 0.66% when compared to natural farm soil, which shows 2.7% of organic matter. 86 mg/kg of heavy metals like chromium was detected in chemical farming, which is detrimental to the growth and development of plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52637
Title: Synergistic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium inoculation on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. in unsterile soil
Author: Romana M.Mirdhe and H.C.Lakshman
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb, Arbuscular mycorrhizal, fungi (AMF), Rhizobium, Glomus fasciculatum, root colonization]
Abstract: Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. has been attributed as a desirable leguminous species used in regulating the distributed lands and improving deteriorated waste lands in India. Dalbergia sissoo seedlings were grown in eastern pots containing unsterilized soil inoculated with Glomus fasiculatum, Rhizobium or a combination of symbionts. After 120 days of growth, plant height, dry weight, root dry weight, percent mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen and phosphorus contents were quantified. Plant with either a combination of mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium grew taller and produced higher dry matter of root and shoot than infected with Rhizobium species alone or control plants. Presence of Rhizobium increased nitrogen content of the above ground plant. Foliage and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increased the phosphorus content. Mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium were found to be synergistic with respect to nitrogen fixation and percent of root colonization.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52636
Title: Effect of Biocide on different stages of mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae)
Author: K.Sithara, K.Kamalaveni and A.Sharon Rose Susannah
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biocide, Aedes aegypti, mosquito control
Abstract: Plant products are capable of producing multiple effects in insects such as antifeedancy, growth regulation, fecundity suppression, sterilization, etc. Synthetic pesticides lead to serious problems like environmental pollution, health hazards and insect resistance to insecticides. Study of egg, larvae and pupae affected by the testing of different concentrations of some biocide showed an increased mortality over the control. The results have been discussed in the light of biopesticides as good alternative for the synthetic pesticides used in mosquito control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52635
Title: Ecological analysis of some woody species of mine affected areas of North-West Himalayas
Author: Pramod Kumar, R.M.Singhal and N.K.Bohra
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Mine affected areas, North-west Himalayas, Woody species, ecological analysis
Abstract: The phytosociological analysis of woody species of the mine affected areas of north-western Himalayas at two sites, supporting three tree species, cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburghii and Quercus leucotrichophora, indicated that the total basal cover varied from 925.03 to 4149.40 cm2 per 100m2, and density from 0.5 to 1.8 trees per 100 m2. The distribution pattern was random for most of the species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52634
Title: Biodiversity in wild fauna of North Sahyadri in Nashik District, Maharashtra
Author: D.N.Khairnar
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biodiversity, wild fauna, North Sahydri, Nashik district
Abstract: Forests play an important role in the life and economy of any country. The moist and dry tropical deciduous forests provide natural and varied ecological habitats for the varied fauna. Nashik district is one of the northern part of Sahyadri in Maharashtra. On the basis of ecological aspects a scientific study has beem carried out with respect to wild animal biodiversity in Nashik regionl The present investigation was done to enlist, identify and number of different species of mammals, reptiles and birds. The mosit and dry deciduous forests of north Sahyadri lead to a better natural habitat for wildlife.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52633
Title: Acute toxicity of a pesticide cidial to an exotic fish Tilapia mossambica
Author: Parnita Kumari
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Tilapia mossambica, acute toxicity, behavioural response, pesticide, cidial
Abstract: Investigation on the toxic effects of a pesticides cidial on an exotic fish Tilapia mossambica at 22 + 0.15oC was made. Toxicity tests were carried out to estimate LC0, LC50 and LC100 values of cidial by exposing the fish for different durations. Six ppm of the pesticide formed LC50/96 hrs, whereas 1.5 ppm and 8 ppm represented LC0 and LC100/96 hrs values respectively. Some remarkable changes in behavioural response of the fish in the toxic media were also observed such as hyperexcitability, abnormal changes in position, rapid opercular movement, frequent jumping, loss of equilibrium, etc. and finally death, showing acute toxic nature of the pesticide.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52632
Title: Analysis of some heavy metals from fruits of medicinal plants Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula from India and Nepal by ICP-OES technique
Author: Ambika Sharma and Sunita Shailajan
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Triphala, ICP-OES technique, heavy metals
Abstract: Heavy metals as environmental contaminants of terrestrial ecosystems is not a recent phenomenon. As certain plants have a tendency of storing heavy metals from soils, polluted water and atmosphere, heavy metals are a matter of concern in the herbal drugs. Therefore, test for heavy metals is essential for herbal medicines. Fruits of Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.), Bibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn) Roxb and Haritaki ( Terminalia chebula Retz) are used individually or in combination as Triphala in number of formulations. Triphala and its constituents act as cardiotonic, control blood pressure, improve blood circulation and reduce cholestrol levels. Because of such wide use of these fruits in various herbal formulations, it is necessary to analyse at least common heavy metals from the raw materials before they can be processes further. To meet the heavy demand for this raw material and due to the easy accessibility, some supply also comes from neighbouring countries like Nepal and Bhutan. In the present paper fruits of Amalaki, Bibhitaki and Haritaki procured from India (Karjat) and Nepal (Baghlongh) were analysed for five heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Hg by Optical Emission Spectroscopy, which uses the technique of inductively coupled plasma. There was a significant variation in the heavy metal content of fruits collected from India and Nepal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52631
Title: Assessment of water quality for aquaculture-A case study of Madhavara Lake in Bangalore
Author: Ch.Debala Devi and D.Usha Anandhi
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Water quality, aquaculture, Madhavara lake, freshwater body, sustainable fisheries
Abstract: Periodical physicochemical analysis of Madhavara lake, a freshwater body, in Bangalore, was carried out from July, 2005 to June, 2006. Water quality for aquaculture was estimated with the parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorides, hardness, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and ammonical nitrogen. Results indicate severe deterioration of the water quality in this lake. The study suggests the water quality of Madhavara lake to be highly polluted, and hence, unfit for aquaculture.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52630
Title: Bioaccumulation of aluminium in selected tissues of Zebra fish Brachydanio rerio (Ham)
Author: R.Anandhan and S.Hemalatha
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Brachydanio rerio, Bioaccumulation, Aluminium, toxicity
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the bioaccumulation of aluminium in tissues such as gill, liver, muscle and brain, and possibility to use these organs as quantitative bioindicators in polluted aquatic environment. Therefore, the experiment has been designed to provide conditions as close as possible to those found in nature. For this, two sublethal concentrations of aluminium were selected and the fish were exposed for a period of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The pattern of accumulation varied significantly among fish organs (liver>gill>muscle). In brain the accumulation was below teh detection limit. The study showed that the bioaccumulation rate depends on concentration of the toxicant and length of the exposure period.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52629
Title: Screening of some market and home-made pickles for their genotoxicity
Author: S.A.Salunkhe and G.R. Pathade
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pickles, genotoxicity, Ames ' test, Mutangenicity test, Antimutagenicity test
Abstract: In the present paper 25 different types of market, home and laboratory made mango (Mangifera indica) pickle sampels were tested for their possible genotoxicity owing to widespread adulteration in market pickles with chemical preservatives, colouring agents and low quality ingredients. Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity tests were performed using Ames ' test and using standard chemical mutagens (aminopyrene, sodium azide and nitrosoguanidine). The 66.7% of packed market pickles showed positive antimutagenicity test; and 33.3% positive antimutangenicity test. 100% loosely sold pickles showed mutagenicity test positive and antimutagenicity test negative. Among home-made pickles, 60% showed antimutagenicity test positive, and 40% mutagenicity test positive. The laboratory-made pickles showed negative mutagenicity test and positive antimutagenicity test in all the pickles. The primary findings about the quality of pickles consumed by vast population showed that they are of poor chemical quality and alarming at their potential genotoxicity. On the contrary, the laboratory-made pickles prepared without any chemical preservatives and chemical colourants, and with selective quality ingredients and selective microbial culture mix showed that all the samples have antimutagenicity test positive and mutagenicity test negative.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52628
Title: A study on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bongaigaon, Assam
Author: M.N.Thakuria
Editor: Dr. K.P.Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 8, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bongaigaon municipality, Solid waste management, Biodegradable waste, Unhygienic effects
Abstract: Bongaigaon municipality with an area of 14.31 square kilometre, consisting of 25 wards, is situated in the western part of Assam in India. Bongaigaon town, the district headquarters of Bongaigaon district is a commercial as well as an industrial area. Solid waste management in this area is a challenging task. The present study includes all types of solid wastes other than biomedical waste, generated in the Bongaigaon Municipality area and their management. One kilogram sample was prepared by mixing solid wastes collected from different kinds of sources in the Municipality area. The constituents of the sample were characterized and percentage of each of them was determined. Secondary data related to solid waste and its management were collected from the Municipal authorities. The area generates around 25 tons of solid waste per day with 0.355 kg rate of waste generation per person per day. However, only 21 tons of solid waste is collected for disposal by the civic body. Again, out of around 25 tons of solid waste generated, 44% was found to be biodegradable while the rest was nonbiodegradable.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None