ID: 53437
Title: Microbial decolorization of biomethanate distillery spentwash using Aspergillus nidulans
Author: R. Ravikumar, P. Monash, J.C.Derek Chan and K. Saravanan
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aspergillus nidulans, Biomethanated distillery spent wash (BMSW), Chemical Oxygen Demand, decolorization, Gel Filtration Chromatography
Abstract: This paper reports the degradation and decolorization of the biomethanated distillery spent wash (BMSW) using Aspergillus nidulans. Soil nearere to the distillery site was used for the isolation of the fungus. A. nidulans was found capable of utilizing melanoidin as sole carbon source for their growth. Tests were conducted by varying the nutrient concentrations; initial pH and their influence on percentage decolorisation and COD removal of BMSW were analyzed. The result revealed that decolorization can be achieved in presence of nutrients like glucose and ammonium nitrate at a concentration 15g/L and 3 g/L respectively. However, decolorisation was found to be maximum at pH 4 and temperature 300C respectively. During the batch process a maximum decolorization of 62.5% and degradation of 48.5% in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was achieved after 7 days of incubation at 150 rpm under optimum conditions. From Gel filtration chromatography of BMSW it was observed that higher molecular fractions of spent wash decolorized rapidly than smaller molecular weight fractions. The finding suggested that Aspergillus nidulans has the ability to degrade and decolorize the BMSW when it is supplemented with high concentration of glucose and lower concentration of ammonium nitrate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53436
Title: A novel genomics approach for identification of therapeutic targets in Leptospira interrogans
Author: S. Sudha, S. Senthil Kumar, S. John Britto, Paul Sharma Chackrawarthy, P. Manju and Mary Densilin
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Leptospira interrogans, Therapeutic Targets, Essential genes, T-iDT Tool
Abstract: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of ubiquitous distribution, caused by infection with pathogenic Leptospira species. A novel approach was used to predict targets for the Leptospira. The tool T-iDT (Tool for identification of Drug Targets) predicts target for drug discovery based on the genome sequence. Genomic and the Proteomic information were collected to validate these targets. Molecular docking studies were carried out using DEX and the structure was visualized and analyzed using Rasmol.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53435
Title: Studies on "Conversion of cellulosic materials using microbial methods to abate environmental pollution
Author: D. S. Mangala, S.K. Khasimbeebi and K. Nikhila
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Conversion of cellulosic material, Microbial technology, Biomass
Abstract: Of the three agrowastes studied, maximum saccharification was obtained in Eucalyptus leaves-15.6% compared to 11.8% for Antigonum leptopus leaves and 6.4% for Sugarcane leaves. Mixed culture technique was found to be more effective in cellulose break down to fermentable sugars than by individual species. Based on the above studies, development of economically feasible large scale bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste material-shall be a relality.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53434
Title: Protease and phosphatase activity of soil contaminated with dairy waste water
Author: S. David Shyam Babu, M. Ram Gopal, G. Nandana, A. Sridevi and G. Narasimha
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dairy waste water, Physicochemical properties, Biological parameters, Protease and Phosphatase activities
Abstract: Effect of waste water execrated from mild dairy on to the soil physicochemical, biological and enzymatic activities like protease, phosphotase was studied in the present study. Discharge of dairy milk effluents alters the physicochemical, biological and enzymatic activities. These changes included increased in pH, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in contaminated soil Higher bacterial and lower fungal populations recorded in the polluted soil. Increased protease, phosphotase activities were observed in soil discharged with dairy waste water from the industry.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53433
Title: Sahyadri: The great escarpment of the Indian Subcontinent
Author: None
Editor: Y. Gunnell and B.P.Radhakrishna
Year: 2010
Publisher: Geological Society of India, 2001, Memoir 47 (2)
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Sahyadri
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53432
Title: Sahyadri: The great escarpment of the Indian Subcontinent
Author: None
Editor: Y. Gunnell and B.P.Radhakrishna
Year: 2010
Publisher: Geological Society of India, 2001, Memoir 47 (1)
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Sahyadri
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53431
Title: Geology of India, Vol 2
Author: M. Ramakrishnan and R. Vaidyanadhan
Editor: None
Year: 2010
Publisher: Geological Society of India, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Geology
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53430
Title: Geology of India ,Vol 1
Author: M. Ramakrishnan and R. Vaidyanadhan
Editor: None
Year: 2010
Publisher: Geological Society of India
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Geology
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53429
Title: Spatial data for Uttara Kannada district and Delhi
Author: None
Editor: None
Year: 2010
Publisher: National Remote Sensing Centre
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Remote Sensing
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53428
Title: Distribution of Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in some selected soils of Visakhapatnam: A case study
Author: Y. Avasn Maruthi, B. F. Rodrigues, S. Ramakrishna Rao, Kaizar Hossain and V. Divya Rao
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma, Dr P.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , No 2,Vol 12, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), Glomus morphotypes, polluted and non-polluted soils
Abstract: The soil fertility is mainly due to soil microorganisms, those also include Mycorrhizae. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are soil microorganisms that establish mutual symbiosis with the majority of higher plants , providing a direct physical link between soil and plant roots. For rapid growth of plants in soil as well as sandy zones, beneficially microbes especially AM fungi play an important role. Visakhapatnam is a port city with an area of 200 sq km. This is emerging as one of the metropolitan cities due to rapid growth in population and industrialization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential and distribution of Arbuscular mycorrhizae in some polluted soils of visakhapatnam. Results of physico-chemical analysis of soil samples showed that low nutrients status except control soil samples (collected from NPS-1 and NPS-6). The spore density of Glomus morphotypes (r=0.9295) was significant and strongly correlated and compared with other Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi. Scutellospora (r= 0.474) has moderate co-relation in the non-polluted area, where as in polluted study area Glomus morphotypes (r=0.96) was significant highly correlated to others, like Scutellospora (r=0.536) and Acaulospora (r=0.076) ( very low or negligible correlation). In the polluted soils, spores of Glomus microcarpum were frequently found as dead spores in comparison to others. Indigenous AM isolates existing naturally in polluted soils are more tolerant than isolates from non-polluted soils, and are reported to efficiently colonize plant roots in pollution-stressed environments. Thus, it is important to screen indigenous and pollution-tolerant isolates in order to guarantee the effectiveness of AM symbiosis in restoration of contaminated soils.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53427
Title: In vitro Anthelminthic activity of leaf extracts of Pithecellobium dulce Benth
Author: M. Sugumaran, T. Vetrichelvan and S. Darlin Quine
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma, Dr P.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , No 2,Vol 12, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pithecellobium dulce, Leaf extracts, Anthelmintic activity, Pheretima posthuma
Abstract: Ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Pithecellobium dulce in three different concentrations (25, 50, 100 mg/mL) was studied for its anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. It was observed that the aqueous extract is more potent than the alcoholic extract even though both the extracts are endowed with significant anthelmintic property which was comparable with the reference drug, piperazine citrate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53426
Title: Microbial degradation of a few Azo compounds by Halobacterium cutirubrum
Author: S. Suryanarayana Raju and Bezawada Mani Kumar
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma, Dr P.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , No 2,Vol 12, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Microbial degradation, Azo compounds, Halobacterium cutirubrum, Influencing factors
Abstract: Wastewater discharges from several industries originate severe detrimental effects to the environment and leads to imbalance of bio-systems. Azo compounds are extensively being used as dyes in carpet and textile industries, the discharges from these industries leads to the detrimental effects. Conventional technological methods for the removal of dye stuffs found less economical. Biodegradation researchers have become increasingly interested to macerate azo compounds by applying suitable microbial treatment. This paper is aimed to study the efficacy of free cells of a mciroorganism, Halobacterium cutirubrum for the decolorization and degradation of few azo compounds, Methyl Red (MR), Methyl Orange (MO) and Congo Red (CR) from aqueous solutions. The experimental data evidences that the degradation of azo compounds is highly possible with the selected microbial mass and is structural dependent. A suitable mechanism for the degradation path of azo compounds is suggested. The influence of various factors viz, pH, initial concentration of biomass and external additives on the degradation were verified for the optimization of the process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53425
Title: Intergeneric protoplast fusion between methylobacterium extorquens and Xanthobacter autotrophicus and genetic and phylogenetic implications of recombinants
Author: C.S.Jyothirmayee and U.S. Bagde
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma, Dr P.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , No 2,Vol 12, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Protoplast fusion, Methylobacterium extorquens, Xanthobacter autotrophics
Abstract: Intergeneric protoplast fusion between Methylobacterium extorquens and Xanthobacter autotrophicus was performed under strictly aerobic conditions and in presence of 40% PEG6000. Electron microscopic study showed enhancement in fusion events even multiple fusions when PEG-treated suspension was diluted in hypertonic broth and reincubated before fixation. After optimal post-PEG incubation, the majority of the protoplasts were seen to participate in fusion, and after the cytological fusion wall regeneration commenced. Fusion got completed after plating on the wall-regeneration medium. The fusion frequency obtained from the non-selective medium was about 0.7 x 10-6. The six fusants isolated were all gram negative aerobes differing in varying degrees to each of the parents. The high possibility of genetic recombination can be expected depending on electron microscopic evidence and biochemical and enzyme assays. The main objective was to study the kind of genetic recombination occurring in two microbes utilizing different pathways for methanol oxidation and the possibility of methanol oxidation (Mox) gene recombination.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53424
Title: Changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori in patients with acid peptic diseases
Author: G. Shanthi, Joseph Pushpa Innocent and S. Selvakumar
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma, Dr P.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , No 2,Vol 12, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: H. pylori, Drug resistance, Endoscopy
Abstract: Alarming rate of increasing resistance of H. pylori isolates to various anti-bacterial agents suggest that the antibiotic susceptibility tests should be performed to assess the changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori isolated from patients with acid peptic diseases. Antralbiopsy were collected from patients with gastritis, duodenal ulcer, non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and gastric carcinoma, from the patients undergoing endoscopic procedure at University Hospital Annamalainagar. All the biopsy specimens were processed for H. pylori histology, Gram ' s stain, urease test and culture. All positive cultures were tested for its antibiotic susceptibility to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxyciline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav and levoflaxacin, minimum inhibitory concentration were determined and the pattern of susceptibility were analysed using disk diffusion technique. Among 110 H. pylori isolates 68% were resistant to metronidazole, 53% to amoxicillin, 24% of clarithromycin 20% ciprofloxacin and 12% to tetracycline. None of the patients were found resistance to co-amoxiclav and levoflaxacin. Results suggested that the antimicrobial susceptibility test should be performed prior to the treatment of H. pylori infection to achieve better results and to reduce the risk of H. pylori resistant strains.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53423
Title: Role of peroxidase and its isozymes in leaf-spot disease of mulberry caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae
Author: M. Uma and V. Thirupathaiah
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma, Dr P.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , No 2,Vol 12, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Leaf-spot disease, Morus alba L., Peroxidase, Isozymes
Abstract: In healthy mulberry plants the levels of peroxidase was high in resistant varieties than susceptible local variety plants to leaf-spot disease caused by the fungus B. theobromae. Their activity after infection increased more in the resistant varieties than in local susceptible variety. Electrophoretic separation of peroxidase isoenzymes showed that infected leaves contained increased number of isoenzymes of peroxidase compared to their healthy counterparts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None