ID: 53452
Title: Evaluation of groundwater quality of Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India
Author: P.M. Patel, K.R.Shah and S.A.Bhatt
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Groundwater quality, Depletion of groundwater, Salinization
Abstract: The major problem experienced by the villages of Banaskantha district is the acute scarcity of fresh drinking water. Groundwater is the only source of fresh water for drinking and irrigation and drought condition that prevails in this arid region. Hence, proper understanding of the groundwater quality, with reference ot temporal and spatial variations is very important to meet the increasing demand and also to evaluate its quality. The major problems about groundwater usage are depletion of groundwater table due to overdraft, salinization and pollution due to agricultural and other anthropogenic activities. With an objective to understand ground water pollution in this region groundwater samples from different locations of Banaskantha district have been analyzed for various physico-chemical Parameters the parameters viz., DO,BOD, COD, pH, conductivity, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, chromium, sodium, potassium and fluoride etc. The microbial parameters analyzed were MPN of coliforms for the presence of Coliforms and Standard plate count. Samples were collected from different depth zones tapping shallow dug wells, hand-pumps and tube wells from all the selected locations of Banaskantha district during the period from December 2004 to November 2005. The results of physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of ground water are discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53451
Title: Histopathological changes in the various tissues of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio (L) exposed to sublethal concentration of copper sulphate
Author: P. Kavitha and K. Rajendran
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cyprinus carpio, Copper sulphate, Histopathology, Erythrocytes, Hepatocytes, Necrosis
Abstract: Histopathological changes in the kidney, gills, liver and intestine of freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio exposed to sublethal concentration of copper sulphate have been studied. Perior to the experiment toxicity evaluation was conducted to determine LC50 values (0.24 mg/L) and sublethal concentration (1/3 of LC50 value). The tissues of target organs were selected to observe the effect of copper sulphate on 20 days. The result showed significant histopathological changes in various organs. In kidney foci of necrosis, hyperplasia, hydrophobic degeneration of renal tubes, glomerular capillary dilution were seen. The gill showing marked changes in mucous secretion, destruction of epithelial cells and erythrocyte atrophy. Severe necrotic spongy mass with Oedematous hepatocytes and proliferation were observed in liver. In intestine mucosal ulcerative, extensive lymphoid collections and destruction of blood vessel and villi were observed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53450
Title: Medical Database
Author: Ashwath Shetty, Chetna Sharma, Disha Jeswani, R.K. Pathak and Shirl Gilani
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Medical database, Disease surveillance, CANHELP
Abstract: In a study of allergic patients in Mumbai, carried out at H.N. Hospital, we assessed the levels of IL4, IL5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-a) in 45 allergy patients (Tests) of different ages, sexes, having different symptoms and compared these levels with those of 15 Normal (controls) samples. To study the interplay of these cytokines in various allergy groups, we performed statistical analyses using Student ' s t-Test and Pearson ' s to get teh significant results. With a view to provide a bioinformatics solution to the health sector, we have designed a medical database using MS-Access as a back end and Visual Basic as a front end. It aims to integrate and make allergy data available to researchers, medical practitioners, students and patients. The database will serve the purpose of bulk data handling and easy access to the user for which no technical knowledge is required. This database can further be expanded in other medical sectors apart from allergy. Medical practitioners can study the results of the search for individuals and suggest best treatment for them. On uploading it to the Worl Wide Web, it will be available to a wider group of people at a cheaper cost.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53449
Title: Hydroxylation of fluoxetine using microbial cultures
Author: M.Vidyavathi, D.R.Krishna and K.V.S.R.G. Prasad
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: CYP 450, Fluoxetine, Glucuronidation, Microbial transformation, Oxidative hydroxylation
Abstract: The potential of various microbes to metabolize the fluoxetine, a CYP 2C9 and 2C19 substrate was studied to investigate similarities between microbial and mammalian metabolism. Five microbes were screened for their ability to metabolize fluoxetine in a manner comparable to humans with a view to develop alternative systems to study human drug metabolism. The metabolite of fluoxetine produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCIM 3090) was characterized by HPLC and Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). Fluoxetine was biotransformed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae into a metabolite tetra hydroxy glucuronide of fluoxetine. Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolished fluoxetine by phase I reaction hydroxylation and by phase II glucuronide conjugation. Hence, fluoxetine metabolism by tetra hydroxylation indicated involvement of CYP 450 enzyme. Further, the phase II glucuronidation of fluoxentine indicated involvement of glucuronyl transferase which is similar to that of mammals. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a suitable model strain in vitro to mimic CYP 450 oxidative hydroxylation and glucuronidation for further pharmacological, toxicological studies of other new drugs.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53448
Title: Inhibitory effect of Lox metabolites on Aflatoxin production
Author: A. Muni Kumari and P.Uma Maheshwari Devi
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Lipoxygenase, Aflatoxin, Hydroperoxides, Poly unsaturated fatty acids, Aspergillus flavus
Abstract: Many oil seed crops are frequently subjected to contamination by mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp., particularly aflatoxin. Several studies have suggested that metabolites generated from the plant lipoxygenase path way may either decrease or increase aflatoxin production by Aspergillus spp. We tested the importance of lipoxygenase components in controlling the aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Treatment with 1?M 13S-hydroperoxy linoleic acid significantly decreased aflatoxin production, when introduced in to growth media at continuous 24-h intervals. In contrast the same concentration of 9S-hydroperoxy linoleic acid did not reduce aflatoxin productionl. These results show that 13S-hydroperoxy fatty acids directly or indirectly repress aflatoxin biosynthesis and provide in vitro evidence that specific seed lipoxygenase activity could provide resistance to mycotoxin contamination by Aspergillus sp.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53447
Title: Development of enriched compost product
Author: Snehal L. Mahajan, R.K.Pathak, Vassanda Coumar and R.K.Trivedy
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Compost, enriched compost, Biofertilizers
Abstract: This research illustrates the development of compost with the help of agricultural waste keeping in mind the nutrient requirements of plants. A process of converting any considered raw material into pure organic fertilizer for agronomic and other uses, particularly organic food market, is very essential. Our aim is to reutilize the organic waste and to reduce the period of decomposition of organic matter as compared to vermicompost, with the help of specific fungal species such as Aspergillus awamorie, Paecilomyces species, Penicillium species, Trichoderma viridae, which have the properties of degrading any raw material with the help of various enzymatic activities. Compost beds were planted to carry out the decomposition process and the estimation of various essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron was carried out from this compost product. Various treatments were done to study the effect of various fungal species on the rate of decomposition. Single Super Phosphate, Rock Phosphate and Urea were added to provide with readily available nutrients. The study revealed that decomposition of agricultural waste with all the four fungal species reduced the decomposition period to about 35-40 days.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53446
Title: Isoaltion, Production and Characterization of cellulase free-xylanase from Rhizopus sp.
Author: R.D. Kamble and A.R. Jadhav
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Hemicellulose, Oat spelt xylan, Cellulase, Submerged fermentation
Abstract: Xylan is the main component of hemicellulose, heteropolysaccharide found in plant cell wall, which is degraded by group of enzymes known as xylanses. Present work deals with isolation of xylanase producing microorganisms. Ten different potential isolates producing extracellular xylanase in sybmerged conditions viz. K1 K10 were obtained from compost soil sampled from Kolhapur region. The strains were screened by ?-xylanolysis method using xylan agar media and further tested by dinitrosalisylic acid (DNSA) method to confirm xylanse activity. Prominent isolate K5 was selected for further studies by considering zone of clearance with maximum diameter. It was identified as Rhizopus sp. on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The isolate was produced cellulase free-xylansase extracellularly when grown on oat spelt xylan in submerged fermentation. The optimum temperature and pH of enzyme activity was 50-550C and 5.5, respectively. Thus, such microorganisms can be used cost effectively and safely to produce xylanases.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53445
Title: Biochemical Studies of Thyroid disorders in coastal Andhra Pradesh
Author: M. Kiran Deedi, D.S.R.S.Prakash, V.Sivaprabodh and Lakshmana Kumar N.
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Thyroid disorders, Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Biochemical Studies on thyroid disorders
Abstract: In the present paper an attempt is made to present the results with regard to biochemical studies of thyroid disorders of coastal Andhra Pradesh. The thyroid disorders are routinely identified by assay of three hormones T3, T4 and TSH. The biochemical studies of thyroid disorders of about 75 samples are analyzed to detect the types of thyroid disorders through biochemical studies in coastal Andhra Pradesh.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53444
Title: A study of antibacterial activity of Sarcostemma brevistigma (Wrigt and Arn)
Author: M. Chitra and K.Vinothini
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Isopropyl alcohol, chloroform, Sarcostemma brevistigma,Hexane, Enterobacter aerogenes, Dimethyl sulphoxide
Abstract: Antibacterial activity of Sarcostemma brevistigma extracts and fractions were studied on pathogenic strains of microorganisms. Disc diffusion method was adapted to screen antibacterial activity and agar diffusion method was used to look for effective antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial activity was observed in various fractions of the ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma. Plant extracts of chloroform: hexane, IpA: CHCl3, IpA, chloroform fractions were taken and effective antibacterial activity of these four fraction was studied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53443
Title: Seasonal changes in soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in arable and barren land
Author: Ratna Trivedi and S.A. Bhatt
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Soil microbial biomass, Enzyme activity, arable land, barren land
Abstract: Seasonal changes in soil moisture, soil temperature and C input from crop roots, rhizosphere products and crop residues can have a large effect on soil microbial biomass and its activity. The objective of this study was to quantify the seasonal changes in soil microbial biomass and the enzyme activity in soils under cultivation and barren lands. Soil samples were taken at four different seasons for two years of study. Significant differences were found between soil sampling periods for microbial biomass, Mineralizable C and enzyme activity. Microbial biomass C in summer season compared to post monsoon season arable land and barren land averaged 61.4, 55.3 % respectively. Mineralizable C was higher in soils under arable lands, possibly due to more flows of C and N to soils. During post monsoon season Urease activity is higher whereas no Amidase activity in all samples. During summer season both the enzyme activities were reported higher may be due to more favorable weather conditions (moisture and temperature) and fertilization increased soil enzyme activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53442
Title: Diversity of fungi from mangrove environment of Muthupet
Author: T. Ushadevi and A. Panneerselvam
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Fungi, Mangrove, Ascomycetes, Mitosporic fungi, Sterile mycelia
Abstract: The fungi in mangrove litter samples were recorded by both direct examination and plating method. In the direct examination method totally 36 species of fungi belonged to 27 genera were isolated. Among them 26 species were Ascomycetes and 10 wee mitosporic fungi. Totally 44 species of fungi belonged to 18 genera and 6 morphologically different isolates represented by sterile mycelia were isolated by plating method.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53441
Title: Isolation and screening of phosphate solubilizing fungi from mangrove soils of Muthupettai, Thiruvarur district, India
Author: G. Kanimozhi and A. Panneerselvam
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Phosphate solubilizers, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium nigricans, Muthupettai mangroves
Abstract: Fungi capable of solubilizing insoluble phosphate were isolated from the soil sediments of Muthupettai mangroves, Thiruvarur District, Tamilnadu. Out of five isolates, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium nigricans were found to be efficient in solubilizing insoluble phosphates.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53440
Title: Decolorization of rose bengal dye by Aspergillus niger isolated from soil contaminated with dye effluents
Author: L.R.Jaidev, G. Narasimha and D.V.R Saigopal
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dye effluents, physicochemical properties, Aspergillus niger, Rosebengal dye decolorization
Abstract: Effects of dye effluents disposed from weaver ' s houses on soil physico-chemical and biological properties were studied in the present study . Disposal of water contaminated with dye has altered the physicochemical and biological properties of soil like ph, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity and microbial population. Decreased bacterial and fungal populations were observed in polluted soil than control. One of the fungal strains which slow the dye decolorization property was isolated and identified as A. niger. The decolorization property of the A. niger was estimated by percentage of rosebengal dye decolorization in the liquid medium. Rose Bengal dye at 100 ppm in the liquid medium was effectively decolorized by the fungal strain A.niger within the 24 hours of incubation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53439
Title: Screening of soxhlet alcohol extract of Pongamia pinnata for insecticidal properties against the polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura F
Author: Pratibha V. Deshmukhe, Ashok A. Hooli and S.N. Holihosur
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Spodoptera litura Fabricius, Pongamia pinnata, Topical application, Eco-friendly pesticides
Abstract: Studies on susceptibility of the fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera litura Fab. to different concentrations of soxhlet alcohol extract of Pongamia pinnata leaves showed a significant total percent mortality of 71.66 + 1.66 at 20 percent concentration of the extract following a topical treatment of the fourth instar larvae. Maximum mortality was observed at the larval stages (65.0 + 2.88 at 25 percent concentration). Growth and development of S. litura was drastically affected by the plant extract at 20 percent concentration, by resulting in a 73.33 + 1.66 percent total mortality ( of which 63.33 + 1.66 was at the larval stage) following a leaf application on the fourth instar larvae. The adults were normal for both the applications. For topical application, LC50 and LC90 was found to be 11.09 and 42.39 and for leaf application, 22.84 and 58.87 respectively. The extract also exhibited phagodeterrent properties. The soxhlet extract of Pongamia pinnata leaves is biodegradable, environment friendly, and the plant material is locally available in sufficient quantities, economic to the farmer hence it can be effectively utilized for the management of S. litura.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53438
Title: Interacting effect of Frankia and Azotobacter on the growth and yield of Casuarina plants
Author: Razia S. Ebrahim, Susan Panicker and D. Clarson
Editor: Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 2, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Frankia, Azotobacter, Casuarina, biomass, quality index
Abstract: Two species of Casuarina plants were inoculated with Frankia, a root nodule inducing actinomycete and Azotobacter, a non symbiotic soil bacteria in both single and dual treatments. The results indicated that in Casuarina equisetifolia inoculation with Frankia alone enhanced growth and yield whereas in Casuarina junghuhniana combined inoculation proved successful.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None