ID: 53256
Title: Activity guided fractionation and phytochemical analysis of Bruguiera cylindrica leaf
Author: B.L.Jadhav, S.M. Mane and S.S.Jamkhedkar
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mangroves, Bruguiera cylindrica, Antimicrobial property, Activity guided fractionation
Abstract: Antimicrobial properties and phytochemical analysis of Bruguiera cylindrica leaf were studied. The cold and hot extracts of leaf were made in petroleum - ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol solvents and tested against broad spectrum human pathogens. The crude and activity guided ethanol fraction inhibited growth of most of the test organism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.5 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL. The growth of S.typhi and B. subtilis was inhibited at 0.5 mg/mL and for rest of the test organisms it was 5 mg/mL. The activity guided fractionation indicated bioactive principles in only the crude ethanol and activity guided ethanol fraction (fraction ' g ' ). The HPTLC analysis and various confirmatory tests for bioactive principles of the ethanolic fraction revealed the presence of anthraglycosides, cardiac glycosides, bitter principles, essential oils, valeportriates and coumarins in the ethanol fraction.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53255
Title: Effect of age of leaves of Samanea saman (Jacquin) Merrill. on utility as green manure
Author: J. Acinta George and Behnaz B. Patel
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Samanea saman, Green manure, Leaf litter, Compost
Abstract: To fully exploit the concept that trees improve soil, a very common and abundant legume Samanea saman (Jacquin) Merrill was selected for study to establish the stage of growth at the time of litter collection as an important crop factro influencing its relative nutritive value with respect to residue mineral content and the chemical factors affecting rate of degradation and nutrient mineralization. Measurements of moisture, nitrogen (N), carbon (C), fibre, lignin, cellulose and polyphenols were made to obtain suitability of the leaves for composting whereas the C:N, lignin:N, polyphenols: N, lignin+polyphenols: N, cellulose+lignin:N was determined to correlate with rate of degradation and nutrient mineralization. The young leaves decomposed at a faster rate registering a higher N and P content, whereas the old leaves exhibited a higher Ca content and greater N mineralization potential. Samanea saman would thus be an excellent prospect for agroforestry programmes providing a good solution to soil fertility problems with benefits profited from both pruning of young leaves and natural shedding of old leaves. The high percentage of low quality organic material in the leaf litters would also lead to enhanced accumulation of soil organic matter (humus) increasing soil fertility and reducing soil degradation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53254
Title: Soil enzymatic activity as a measure of soil health
Author: Arundhuti Devi
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Soil enzymatic health, Heavy metals, Petroleum hydrocarbon
Abstract: A literature review on soil enzymatic activity as a measure of soil health is presented. It was concluded that heavy metals play a significant role in the above. Petroleum hydrocarbons were also found to be significantly altering the soil enzymatic activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53253
Title: Thyroid disorders: Prevalence and clinical relevance
Author: A Shashi, V. kaur and N. Sharma
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Subclinical, Clinical
Abstract: The present sutdy was undertaken to find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders. It was a prospective study of 105 cases. Patients coming to the various surgical OPDs and wards of Government Rejendra Hospital, Patiala with diseases of thyroid were undertaken for this study. The age range was from 8 to 70 years with maximum number of cases in the age group 20-40 years. The peak incidence was in the forth decade of life (30-40). 78.1% were females and 21.9% were males, thereby showing female preponderance in thyroid disorders in present study. The prevalence of clinical cases (65%) was more as compared to the subclinical cases (35%). The duraction of disease ranged from 1 month to 16 years, with majority of patients presenting with duration of less than 1 year. The clinical symptoms in hypothyroid patients included weakness, weight gain, and swelling in neck, while in hyperthyroid patients major symptoms were weakness, weight loss, tremor, intolerance to heat and increased sleeping pattern. Pulse rate of patients suffering from hypothyroidism was found to be less while in the patients suffering from hyperthyroidism the pulse rate was increased. Stress was the causative factor in the development of hypothyroidism as well s hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was characterized by significant elevations in values of T3, T4 and normal or decrease in TSH value. Values of T3, T4 and TSH in hypothyroidism showed elevation of TSH, and normal or decrease in T3 and T4 values. Sub clinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed when the TSH level was elevated, with T3 and T4 levels within the normal reference range whereas in the clinical cases, elevated TSH level, with T3 and T4 levels were below the normal reference range. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was diagnosed when the TSH level was suppressed, with T3 and T4 levels within the normal reference range. The clinical cases showed suppressio of TSh level, with T3 and T4 level above the normal reference range.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53252
Title: Contribution of nutrients and trace metals by mangrove vegetation and impact of aquaculture on the Kakinada Bay ecosystem
Author: Y. Anjaneyulu, R.J.Krupadam and S.S.Vutukuru
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Contribution of nutrients, Trace metals, Aquafarming, Mangrove ecosystem health, Godavari estuarine system
Abstract: In the Godavari estuarine system near Kakinada Bay, Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India, the mangroves spread over an area of 22, 450 ha of which the highly productive Coringa mangroves adjacent to the bay cover an area of 6,600 ha. The average annual litter production (dry weight) of this mangrove ecosystem was found to be of 896 g m-2yr-1 with the contribution of C in the form of leachate to a tune of 224 g m-2yr-1 and an equal amount of particular detritus besides 4.5 gm-2yr-1 as leachate to the ecosystem. High concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn were found during the monsoon. Semi-intensive aquafarming (~3,500 hectares) resulted in soil salinization, deteriorated water quality, loss of habitat biodiversity besides environmental degradation of this fragile estuarine ecosystem.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53251
Title: Comparison study of anaerobic digestion for segregated and non-segregated IBMW
Author: S. Jayanthi and E. Sarojini
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Infectious Biomedical waste (IBMW), Lime stabilization
Abstract: Disposal of Infectious biomedical waste (IBMW) has been a typical task now due to its hazardous nature and also hte failure of incinerator with high fuel cost and air pollution crisis. The proportion of generation of Organic fraction of Municipal Solid waste (OFMSW) and IBMW in health care institutions ranges from 4:1 to 6:1. Improper segregation has led to the mix of IBMW and OFMSW wastes. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is suited for treating organic wastes with high water contents, like industrial wastewaters, sewage sludge, and municipal and agricultural solid wastes. It enables the decomposition of organic matters as well as the production of fuel gas, methane. Furthermore, many other valuable materials can be produced or recovered through anaerobic digestion. Batch studies on anaerobic digestion of segregated Infectious Biomedical waste (IBMW) and non-segregated IBMW were carried out. Segregated IBMW were obtained from one of the hospitals in Coimbatore, India. Characteristics of the waste were analyzed. Lime pre-treatment was carried out for pathogenic reduction. A laboratory scale bio-digester of capacity 5 litres was operated separately in a batch mode at ambient temperature of 27oC to 400C for both the studies. One reactor was run with 75% of pretreated IBMW and 25% of seeding sludge for 120 days in batch mode. Another reactor was fed with non-segregated IBMW along with 25% fo seeding sludge in batch mode. pH and gas production were monitored daily. The studies involved the determination of parameters such as pH, COD, VS, alkalinity at different stages of digestion at regular intervals of 10 days. 81% of COD reduction and 75% of VS reduction were attained at the end of 80th day in the anaerobic digestion of IBMW with maximum gas yield of 720 mL/day and a cumulative gas yield of 36.82 litres. From results of the non segregated IBMW experiment, 80% COD reduction and 68% VS reduction were observed with a maximum gas yield of 600 mL/day on fiftieth day and a cumulative gas production of 10.37 L was obtained at the end of 120 days. Feasibility study indicates proper segregation of IBMW gives higher reduction of physio-chemical parameters and high cumulative gas yield. An attempt has been made on feasibility study on anaerobic digestion of segregated and non segregated IBMW with the shifting from burning to non-burning technology.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53250
Title: Characterization of highly stable bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium isolated from traditional fermented finger millet
Author: Dasarathan Rajesh, Kunthala jayarman and Gurunathan Jayaraman
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Agar well diffusion assay, Bacteriocin, Lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecium
Abstract: Samples of fermented millet (koozh) prepared traditionally, were collected from different places in and around Thiruvanamalai and Vellore district (South India) including the tribal inhabited areas of Jawadhu hills. About 75 different organisms were isolated of which seven were found to be lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Out of these seven strains, a single strain that produce bacteriocin was identified, characterized and confirmed by 16s rDNA sequencing as Enterococcus faecium. The bacteriocin inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus sp and other food borne pathogens like Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Listeria monocytogenes and found to exhibit bactericidal activity of 52.66 IU/mL (nisin equivalents). Bacteriocin was treated with proteinase K, pronase, papain, chymotrypsin. trypsin and pepsin, but the action of protease alone was observed, indicates that the bacteriocin was Proteinaceous in nature. This bacteriocin was found to be stable at pH range of 2-12 and tolerant to temperature for 2 hrs upto 1100C at acidic pH. Such molecules of high stability and broad spectral antibacterial property has potential application in food industry as probiotic application in food industry as probiotic supplements.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53249
Title: Antibacterial activity of Catharanthus roseus Lin . G. Don on Staphylococcus aureus
Author: P. Selvamaleeswaran, Periyasamy, M. Sureshkumar, E.G.Wesely and M.Rajasekara Pandian
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Catharanthus roseus, Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract: The antimicrobial potential of Catharanthus roseus hairy root has been studied using petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, isopropanol and Benzene extract against Staphylococcus aureus by antibiotic sensitivity test vs standard antibiotic tetracycline. The zone of inhibition formed was proportional to the concentration of chloroform extract found to be more effective and showed highest growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus as compared to the standard tetracycline.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53248
Title: Studies on macro and meiobenthos in coramantal coast (East coast of India)
Author: T. Veeramani, B. Kaja Magdoom and N. Yogananth
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Macrobenthos, Meiobenthos, Foraminiferans, harpaticoids, Organic carbon
Abstract: Benthic fauna of the sandy shores in study area comprised 17 Taxonomic groups, dominated by Nematodes (52%), Polycheates (6%), Bivalves (1%), Herpacticoid copepods (5%), Foraminiferans (20%), Benthic microflora (9%), Turbellarian (3%) and others (7%). The population density varied from one station to another 247 to 935 Nos /10 cm2, organic carbon content in the sediment ranges from 0.25 to 2.32 mg/g and total phosphorus in sediment 1.3 to 2.57 mg/g. Abundance of Benthos occurred in St. 3 (Nematodes), the nematodes and polycheates genus Pisionidae are abundant in St. 4. Current results showed that rich biodiversity of benthic fauna due to availability of food materials and favorable environmental conditions including the shoreline vegetation, physico-chemical factors and magnitude of organic pollution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53247
Title: In vitro shoot bud proliferation from axillary buds of Simarouba (Simarouba glauca L.)
Author: L. Prasanthi, Sudhakar, Sreelatha, K. Rekha Rani, P. Latha, T. Rajeswari and Raja Reddy
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Simarouba glauca, Axillary buds, Phenols, Additives, Shoot regeneration, In vitro
Abstract: Protocols for in vitro propagation of Simarouba glauca through axillary bud proliferation and adventitious shoot but regeneration from nodal segments have been established. Various factors such as browning, media type and plant growth regulators influence the in vitro propagation of S. glauca. These factors have successfully been addressed after addition of media additives, standardizing the media type and use of plant growth regulators at varying concentrations. Polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP 1%) was found effective for successful parial removal of phenolic compounds and obtaining maximum percent survival of explants. The maximum number of shoots (4-5/explant) was obtained in Murashige and Skoog ' s (MS) basal medium supplemented with BAP (1.5 mgL-1) and kinetin (1.0 mgL-1). Of all the media types tried, MS was found to be the best. Kinetin and BAP was found superior for explant establishment and multiplication.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53246
Title: Bio-EMF device (BED) using Hibiscus leaf as electrolyte
Author: S. Ramalingam, T. Prabhu, K. Manimaran, S. Murugan and S.M.Nagarajan
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Electrochemical, Hibiscus, Energy density
Abstract: An electrochemical cell is fabricated using the grinded leaves of Hibiscus rosa sinensis mixed with distilled water as teh electrolyte. To obtain a close value to the available energy density, the cell is discharged at a current drain of 11 mA and initial open circuit voltage of 0.7 V. An observation is made regarding the variation of voltage and current with respect to time, which is unlike the variation observed for any other electrochemical cell. The curve features and the power production for different combination (Series and Parallel) of cells have been studied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53245
Title: Validity of artificial neural network for predicting effect of media components on enzyme production by A.niger in solid state fermentation
Author: Aruna Singh, Divya Tatewar, S.L. Pandharipande and P.N. Shastri
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Baggasse, cellulase, Solid State Fermentation (SSF), Xylanase
Abstract: Solid state fermentation involves treatment of biodegradable solid substrate with microorganisms, and is characterized by the presence of limited moisture, sufficient to solubilise the nutrients, but avoid leaching. Water activity (aw) is maintained around 0.85, and is specially suitable for production of extracellular enzymes and metabolites by molds. It is widely utilized for biotransformation of agricultural waste for recovery of industrial enzymes, organic solvents and other biochemicals. On account difference in water binding capacity of different substrates, optimum moisture level needs to be established for various combination of substrates, which involves extensive laborious experimental worl. Present investigations were carried out to study the application of Artificial Neural Network as a totol or predicitng cellulase and xylanase production by Aspergillus niger as function of bagasse content and moisture level incorporation in basic wheat bran medium. A correlation coefficient >0.8 and root mean square error<0.2 indicates ANN as a good prediction tool for complex biological process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53244
Title: In vivo screening of anti inflammatory and analgesic potential of selected medicinal plants
Author: G.Joy Padma Dinesh, S. Poornima, M. Vimala Devi and S.K.Sundar
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Anti inflammation, Analgesic, Paw odema, Tail flicking
Abstract: A good number of herbal remedies have stood the test of time, particularly for the treatment of allergic, metabolic and degenerative diseases associated with aging. Traditional medicinal plants in various countries, especially in India have been used for various aliments such as inflammation and for immunopotentiation. In the present study, two plants such as Clerodendrum serratum, Mollugo cerviana were screened for analgesic and anti inflammatory property using tail flicking and paw oedema assay. The findings revealed that better activity was noticed in C.serratum at 50 ?g concentration . More phytochemcial compounds were also detected in C.serratum. Even though microgram of the plant extract was used in the present study; further isolation, purification and characterisation of the drug using chromatographic techniques may help use to formulate nanograms of bioactive principle for prophylaxis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53243
Title: Synthetic dye decolourisation by fungal cultures under static conditions
Author: T. Leon Stephan Raj and A. Saravana Ganthi
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dye effluent, decolourization, biodegradation, fungal cultures
Abstract: Three fungal species were isolated from Match box industrial effluent disposal site, characterized adn exploited for its dye degradation potential on synthetic textile dyes (Acid scarlet 3R Conc., Brown Ex-399, Crystal violet, Green G Conc., Swiss pink) under static conditions. All the selected fungal culture showed effective decolourisation against Green and Swiss pink. In general, all the chosen fungal biomass was found to be less effective against Acid scarlet.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53242
Title: Accumulation of chromium and its histopatho-logical effects in the frog, Rana tigrina (Daud.) (Amphibia, Anura) at differetn exposure periods
Author: Elizabeth John
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Chromium, bioaccumulation, histopathology, frog, liver, kidney, stomach, testis, ovary
Abstract: A study on the accumulation of chromium and its histopathological effects in the liver, kidney, stomach and gonads of the male and female frogs, Rana tigrina at different exposure hours (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120) was undertaken. The metal accumulation study showed a gradual increase as the duration of exposure increased. In histopathology, visible tissue damage were noticed in the chromium administered frogs, compared to the control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None