ID: 53572
Title: An overview of plant diversity of Kazdagi (Mt. Ida) Forest National Park, Turkey
Author: Ismet Uysal
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Plant diversity, Kazdagi forest, National Park, Ethnobotany, Endemism
Abstract: Kazdagi (Mt Ida) forms the natural border between the provinces of Canakkale and Balikesir in northwestern Turkey. The highest peak (Karatas Hill) of this mountains is 1774 m. Kazdagi was declared a National Park in 1994 because of its rich plant cover. Its importance is mainly derived from the presence of a restricted zone of Abies nordmanniana ssp. equi-trojani forest as well as for its natural beauty and appearance in classical mythology. There are three vegetation types on kazdagi, viz. forest vegetation, shrub vegetation and high mountain vegetation. There are 800 plant taxa recorded on Kazdagi. 198 of them are of particular ethnobotanical significance for this mountain. Kazdagi is accepted as one of the most important floristic areas of Turkey.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53571
Title: Investigation of lichen populations and their similarity analysis in Serif Yuksel Forest, Turkey
Author: Orhan Sevgi, Gulsah Cobanoglu and Ece Sevgi
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Sorensen similarity index, altitude, Bolu, lichen
Abstract: Sorensen similarity indices of lichen species in Serif Yuksal forest ranged between 0.29 and 0.84. A linear relation was found between species number sum of two lichen populations and their similarity indices. The linear equation is Y=0.0076x + 0.1467 and the R2 of the equation is 0.2476 which is significant at p<0.001. There has been identified a linear between the average similarity index of the sites and fir participation percentage. The obtained equation is Y=0.0009x + 0.5271 and the R2 of the equation is 0.2853 which is significant at p<0.002. In the pure fir stands there has been found a linear relation between the altitude difference and similarity index. The obtained equation is Y= -0.0011x +0.6962 and the R2 of the equation is 0.1755 which as significant at p<0.001.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53570
Title: Comparison of soil and forest floor properties of floodplain and surrounding forests in Igneada, Turkey
Author: Huseyin Baris Tecimen and Ali Kavgaci
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Floodplain forest, Soil nitrogen, Forest floor, Igneada
Abstract: In this study some soil and forest floor characteristics of floodplain forest, thermophile forest and sand dune were investigated at Igneada, Turkey. In this context, surface soil samples were analyzed and compared to each other in the extension of soil physical, chemical properties and as plant nutrition environment. To investigate the soil characteristics soil samples were collected from 48 sampling point. The distribution of the soils revealed that remarkably physical soil properties figure the ordination of soils in principal component analysis (PCA). We concluded that floodplain forests have quite different soil properties from the thermophile forest and sand dunes under the continuous effect of surrounding thermophile forest land with less sandy proportion to soil texture 52.4 at floodplain forest, 64.0% at thermophile forest and 91.0% at sand dunes and highly organic carbon 5.619, 4.191 and 0.478% respectively at 0-5 cm depth and total nitrogen content 0.213, 0.078 and 0.056% for floodplain forest> thermophile forest> sand dune soils, respectively. Weight and organic matter contents of forest floor were significantly higher in the thermophile forests.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53569
Title: Comparative study on soil properties in a picnic and undisturbed area of Belgrad forest, Istanbul
Author: Meric Cakir, Ender Makineci and Meric Kumbasli
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Recreation, visitor ' s pressure, soil, litter, picnic areas
Abstract: The aim of this paper was to investigate the recreational impacts on some soil properties (sand, silt, clay, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, bulk density, fine soil weight, compaction and saturation capacity), and litter (unit weight-mass, organic matter content (%) and organic matter mass) properties in a picnic area by comparing an undisturbed area in Istanbul Belgrad Forest-Turkey. According to the results obtained in this study, the litter mass on the picnic area has been found considerably lower. There were some crucial changes in the characteristics of the soil which has been investigated in 0-5 cm depth. No important difference had been detected between the picnic area and the undisturbed area in terms of sand, silt and clay proportions. However, other investigated soil properties in 0-5 cm depth showed significant differences between undisturbed area and picnic area. Soil was significantly compacted by recreational activities in picnic area. Moreover, organic carbon content (1.328%) on the picnic area has found quite lower. Depending on the compaction of the soil and lessen quantity of soil organic matter, the value of saturation capacity (24.13%) in the picnic area was considerably lower, bulk density and fine soil weights significantly higher. Thus, the soil properties in the picnic area were negatively affected by recreational pressure.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53568
Title: Variation in cone and seed characteristics in a clonal seed orchard of Anatolian black pine [Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. pallasiana (Lamb) Holmboe]
Author: A. Sivacioglu and S. Ayan
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Clonal variation, cone, seed, Anatolian black pine, Turkey, Heritability
Abstract: Cone and seed characteristics of Anatolian black pine were investigated in a clonal seed orchard for two years, 2002 and 2006. The orchard, originated from Kastamonu-Karadere seed stand was established in 1993 by using 1 year -old grafts in an area of 13 ha, at Hanonu-Gunluburun, northern Turkey and includes 30 clones. The results showed that, significant variation exists among clones for 14 of cone and seed traits for 2006. The clones had cone wet weight in range of 16.92 to 38.51g, whereas this value varied in range of 11.16 to 24.06 g for cone dry weight. Cone length varied from 55.19 to 74.43 mm, while cone width varied in range of 26.66 to 36.57 mm. The range of scale number and fertile scale number varied from 80.02 to 110.64 and 38.03 to 56.20, respectively. Among the clones, the seed and filled seed number were 6.70-24.97 and 5.79-21.12, respectively. The 1000 seed weight varied in range of 20.36 to 29.73 g. The respective values of average seed length and width were 6.29 mm and 3.57 mm, while wing length and width were 19.59 mm and 7.21 mm. The average seed efficiency was 13.5%. Coefficients of variation among grafts (CVG) were mostly bigger than among clones (CVC ), indicating high variation within the population. Year to year correlation coefficients for seed and cone characteristics were varied from moderate (0.58) to strong (0.83). The respective broad sense heritability values of clone mean basis (H2) for cone dry weight, cone width, 1000 seed weight were 0.77, 0.83 and 0.76. The seed efficiency had a H2 value of 0.43.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53567
Title: Predicting the above-ground biomass of Crimean pine (Pinus nigra) stands in Turkey
Author: Ali Durkaya, Birsen Durkaya and Ender Cakil
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Biomass, Crimean pine, Above-ground
Abstract: In this study, biomass equations are presented for crimean pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) stands within the Zonguldak forest region. A total of 44 sample plots, each of 0.04 ha were chosen in order to define the biomass equations of black pine, the most common needle leaved species in Turkey. A tree which is the most similar to mean tree according to basal area was cut in each sample area as a sample tree. Various models were tested, utilizing the diameter (d) and the height (h) as independent variables and the most suitable models were determined. Using these models, above-ground biomass amounts can easily be acquired for single trees and stands.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53566
Title: Effect of N and NPK fertilizers on early field performance of narrow-leaved ash, Fraxinus angustifolia
Author: Emrah Cicek, Faruk Yilmaz and Murat Yilmaz
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Fertilization, Fraxinus angustifolia, Growth, Plantation, Survival
Abstract: The effect of fertilization in the first growing season on early survival and growth of narrow-leaved ash (NLA) (Frazinus angustifolila ssp. oxycarpa) was evaluated throughout the first 3 years of growth in Adapazari, Turkey. Arandomized complete block design with four replications was established to investgate fertilization effects. Granular Nurea [46%, (NH2)2 CO, NH2-N] and NPK 915/15/15%; NH3-N, P2O5, K2O) fertilizers were applied in mid-May of the first growing season. Fertilization treatments per tree were control, 67g NPK (equal to 10/10/10 g N/P2O5/K2O tree-1). After three growing seasons under these fertilizer treatments, 98% of trees were still viable. Compared to the control treatment, fertilization had a large and positive effect on diameter and height growth during the first 3 years of growth. However, since there were no significant differences among the fertilized plots in terms of tree diamter and height growth, addition of P and K to the fertilizer regime was not beneficial. The results showed that N fertilization in the first growing season has the potential to improve early field growth of narrow-leaved ash.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53565
Title: Studies on forest vegetation of Mahmut mountain of Izmir in Turkey
Author: Ahmet Aksoy and Yusuf Gemici
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Aegean region, Plant ecology, plant sociology
Abstract: In this study, the forest vegetation of Mahmut Mountain (Izmir-Turkey) was analyzed by the method of Braun-Blanquet. According to thier ecological and floristic characters, 4 plant associations were connected to the alliances of Quercion ilicis and Adenocarpo complicati-Pinion pallasianae. These alliances belong to the classes of Quercetea ilicis and Quercetea pubescentis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53564
Title: Site properties for Crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa) in semi-natural forests of south western Anatolia, Turkey
Author: Kursad Ozkan, Serkan Gulsoy, Raf Aerts and Bart Muys
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Indicator species, Site requirements, Land suitability, Mediterranean, Plant distribution, Reforestation, Discriminant analysis
Abstract: We explored the semi-natural forests in south western Anatolia along a gradient between Mediterranean and continental climates to determine the site requirements of Juniperus excelsa in Turkey. We hypothesized that environmental variables and indicator species can be used to predict differences in occurrence and cover of J.excelsa and can therefore support decision making in reforestation management planning. Plant species composition and environmental variables were assessed in 153 plots. Association between J. excelsa and other plant species and environmental variables were analyzed using Fisher exact probability tests and stepwise discriminant analysis. High altitude (>1000m) as a proxy for an Oromediterranean climate, and high surface stoniness as a proxy for low competition by other free species, are positive site properties for J. excelsa. The tree species avoids Eumediterranean and Supramediterranean plant communities. Twelve plant species, including the herbs Dianthus zonatus, Ajuga chamaepitys and Paronchia carica and the shrub Cotoneaster nummularia may be used as site indicators for J. excelsa restoration. Plantanus orientalis, with similar site requirements but at present negatively associated to J. excelsa due to competitive effects, may be considered an additional indicator if stand conservation (harvesting and replacing P.orientalis) is part of the management plan.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53563
Title: Conflicts in benefits from sustainable natural resource management: Two diverse examples from Turkey
Author: Hasan Alkan, Mehmet Korkmaz, David W.McGill and Mehmet Eker
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Natural resource, Protected area, Local participation, Forest management
Abstract: Participatory appoaches to natural resource management and development are widely accepted as effective instruments for achieving sustainable forest management (SFM) particularly in the developing countries. However, local people live within and adjacent to the forest resources and are dependent on the forest in terms of their livelihoods may prevent turning some decisions, intended as a component of sustainable forest management, into action. This situation arises from the lack of involvement by local stakeholders, a condition that is generally accepted as one of the most important instruments of sustainable forest management. Consequently, forest and other natural resources have not been effectively protected from negative behaviours of local populations. In this study, difficulties that have been faced in acquiring local participation and the importance of local participation for sustainable forest management are discussed usig two case studies from Turkey. At acquiring of local participation is considered to important of local perceptions. If perceptions are negative, participation will not obtain. Thus, the study has focused on local perceptions. Field survey was carried out to collect necessary information for each case study. We conclude that decisions that will restrict the natural resource benefits for the local public, will lead to negative local perceptions of the project and lead to adverse behaviour and negatively affect sustainable forest management efforts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53562
Title: An ecological and syntaxonomical overview of Castanea sativa and a new association in Turkey
Author: O. Ketenoglu, G.N.Tug and L.Kurt
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Castanea sativa, Ecology, Synecology
Abstract: Castanea sativa Mill. is thought to be originated from Turkey. It is an important deciduous angiosperm with edible fruits and valuable wood. It has a wide distribution from east Black sea to Marmara and Aegean Regions. Because of its wide distribution, C. sativa grows on different ecological, geological, climatic and edaphic condition and these results in different associations with different companion species evaluated in different upper units. In this paper, hte status of Turkish C.sativa forests, their ecological and syntoxonomical characteristics were overviewed. The C. sativa associations described so far and a new one from Black Sea region were grouped in various alliances of two distinct classes, Querco-Fagetea and Quercetea pubescentis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53561
Title: Synopsis of syntaxonomy of Turkish forests
Author: O.Ketenoglu, G.N.Tug, U. Bingol, F.Geven, L.Kurt and K. Guney
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Forest vegetation, Syntaxonomy, Phytosociology
Abstract: Turkish forests have a very important genetic, biological and ecological diversity. Syntaxonomy of Turkish forests have been studied over 40 years but there were many unvalidly published names and a chaos among syntaxonomical units. In this paper it was aimed to overview the phytosociological studies and the sum of syntaxa of forest vegetation in Turkey. In the study, all syntaxa described so far from forests in Turkey were gathered together to clear their ranks and last status.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53560
Title: Structural and distributional evaluation of forest ecosystems in Turkey
Author: Ibrahim Atalay and Recep Efe
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Forest ecosystem, Turkey, Black Sea region, Mediterranean region
Abstract: Turkey has very rich ecosystems and habitats in which various types of vegetation communities and fauna are found. These properties of Turkey depend on its geographical position, different climatic region, mountainous topographical conditions and climatic changes occurred during the Pleistocene. Several field works have been conducted during the period of 1975-2008. The field observations and analyses of data reveal that Turkey ' s forests can be divided into six main forest ecosystems (Black sea region, Marmara transitional region, Mediterranean region, Mediterranean transitional region, Inner and Eastern anatolian region, Southern anatolian region) in terms of floristic compostion, forest productivity and climatic properties.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53559
Title: Plant distribution-altitude and landform relationships in karstic sinkholes of Mediterranean region of Turkey
Author: Kursad Ozkan, Serkan Gulsoy, Ahmet Mert, Munir Ozturk and Bart Muys
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Altitudinal zone, Cluster analysis, Plant distributions, Sinkholes
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the plant distribution and the altitude-shape-size characteristics of sinkholes, and the landform characteristics inside sinkholes in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Block kriging, Factor analysis, Cluster Analysis and Detrended Correspondence Analysis were performed. The sinkhole type and altitudinal zone were found to be the significant factors affecting the plant distribution. However, the sinkhole type was more important than the altitudinal zone. Hence, the sinkhole were first subdivided into groups according to types and then the groups were divided into subgroups according to the altitudinal zones. Consequently, 4 groups were defined; A-type sinkholes [1400-1550 m (A1), 1550-1700 m (A2)] and B-type sinkholes [1400-1550 (B1), 1550-1700m (B2)]. The B-type was wider vertically and shorter horizontally than A-type sinkholes. Significant differences were found between the plant distribution and slope position inside the sinkholes. Plant distribution in the lower slopes was different from that in the flats and ridges in the B1 sub-type of B-type. Plant distribution in B2 sub-type was different among the slope position (ridge, middle slope, lower slope, and flat). Although distribution of plants is different in different parts (ridges, upper slope, middle slope, lower slope and basal flats) of A sinkhole, the differences between the parts of intermediate slope position are not significant . A high plant variability along short distances in the sinkholes was observed in the study area. That is why the site of sinkholes have a big potential for the distribution of many species. Hence, the area must be separated as strictly protected zone.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53558
Title: Phytosociological and ecological structure of Mediterranean enclaves along the stream valleys in inner parts of black sea region
Author: Fergan Karaer, Mahmut Kilinc, Hasan Korkmaz, Hamdi Guray Kutbay, Erkan Yalcin and Ali Bilgin
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Black sea region, Enclaves, Maquis vegetation, Mediterranean climate, Numerical methods, Stream valleys
Abstract: In this study, phytosociological structure of Mediterranean enclave which occured along the stream valleys in inner parts of Black sea region was investigated. Pinus brutia var. brutia and Quercus coccifera are the most widespread communities in the study area. Pinus pinea, Arbutus andrachne, Arbutus unedo, Fontanesia philliraeoides subsp. philliraeoides and Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris have a restricted distribution in inner parts of Black sea region as compared to P. brutia and Q. coccifera. The following associations were described in the study area. Siderito dichotomae-Quercetum cocciferae, Spiraeo crenatae-Oleetum sylvestris ass. nov., Cotino coggyreae-Arbutetum andrachnes, Buxo sempervirenti-Arbutetum unedonis ass. nov., Paliuro spinae-christi-Fontanesietum philliraeoidis, Querco infectoriae-Pinetum brutiae and Crucianello ponticae-pinetum pinae. The highest species diversity was found in Crucienello ponticae-Pinetum pinae, while the lowest species diversity was found in Spiraeo crenatae-Oleetum sylvestris. Evenness values were much similar to each other among all of the associations. According to CA Paliurus spinae-christi-Fontanesietum philliraeoidis, Spiraeo crenatae-Oleetum sylvestris and Crucienello ponticae-Pinetum pinae occured in the negative zone. The other four associations occured in the positive zone.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None