ID: 53587
Title: Response in germination and seedling growth in Phaseolus mungo under salt and drought stress
Author: Gunjan Garg
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Salt toxicity, Osmotic stress, Seed germination, Seedling growth
Abstract: The effect of salt and drought stress at the water potentials of -2, -4, -6 and -8 bars induced by NaCl and PEG 6000 (Polyethylene glycol 6000) each, on germination and early seedling growth, were investigated for two varieties (PU-19 and Type-9). Electrical conductivity (EC) value of the NaCl solutions were 4.5, 8.8, 12.7 and 16.3 dSm-1. Germination percentage, root nad shoot length, and seedling fresh and dry weight were measured in the study. The objective was to determine genotypic differences among P.mungo varieties in terms of salt and drought stress and to determine factors (salt toxicity or osmotic stress due to PEG) inhibiting seed gemination. The germination results revealed that the genotypes significantly differed for salt and drought stress. PU-19 appeared to be more tolerant to salt and drought stress comparable to var. Type-9. Both NaCl and PEG inhibited germination and seedling growth in both the varieties, but the effects of NaCl compared to PEG was less on germination and seedling growth. All varieties were able to germinate at all NaCl levels without significant decrease in germination, while a drastic decrease in germination was recorded at -6 and -8 bars of PEG. It was concluded that inhibition in germination at equivalent water potential of NaCl and PEG was mainly due to an osmotic effect rather than salt toxicity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53586
Title: Radiation induced effects on viability and antioxidant enzymes of crustaceans from different habitats
Author: D. Mukherjee, M. Manna, S. Selvaraj, S. Bhattacharya, S. Homechoudhury and A. Chakraborty '
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Radiation, Zooplanktons, Oxidative stress, Viability, Antioxidant enzymes
Abstract: The paper describes differential tolerance of two fresh water crustaceans Mesocyclops hyalinus and Allodiaptomus satanus to 60Co gamma radiation. Mesocyclops hyalinus is dominant species at site 1, near a Thermal Power Plant at Kolaghat East Midnapore where fly ash deposition is a regular phenomenon. Allodiaptomus satanus is dominant species at site 2 at Kolkata, Ballygung where anthropogenic activities are more pronounced. M. hyalinus is naturally exposed to more stressful situation than A. satanus as revealed by comparing the hydrological parameters of two habitats. Experimental exposure to ionizing radiation resulted in differential changes in viability, morphology and antioxidant enzyme activities in the two selected species. Survival experiments showed greater tolerance of M. hyalinus compared to A. satanus up to 8Gy (absorbed dose) after which it showed drastic fall in survival. More pronounced morphological changes were observed in A. satanus as compared to that in M. hyalinus. The pattern of changes in antioxidant enzyme activity is distinctly opposite in the two radiation exposed species. While in M. hyalinus stimulation in activity of both CAT (excepting at 10Gy absorbed dose) and SOD was observed A. satanus showed decrease in activity of both the enzymes when compared to their unirradiated counterparts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53585
Title: Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water using TiO2 and ZnO
Author: Suja P. Devipriya and Suguna Yesodharan
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Photocatalysis, Titanium dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Wastewater, Phenol, Solar irradiation
Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation of chemical pollutants in water was investigated using semiconductor oxide catalysts, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) and phenol as the substrate. Influence of various parameters such as characteristics of the catalyst, irradiation time, substrate and catalyst concentrations, pH etc. has been studied and optimum conditions for the complete degradation of phenol in water have been identified. In terms of activity and durability, TiO2 is far superior to ZnO. Mixing ZnO with TiO2 does not affect its activity significantly. The process is especially relevant in view of its potential for the treatment of wastewater containing pollutants, using solar radiation as the energy source.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53584
Title: Ecophysiological responses of some maquis (Ceratonia siliqua L., Olea oleaster Hoffm. & Link, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus coccifera L. ) plant species to drought in the east Mediterranean ecosystem
Author: Munir Ozturk, Yunus Dogan, M. Serdal Sakcali, Andreas Doulis and Fadi Karam
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Drought, Maquis plants, Photosynthesis, Transpiration, water use efficiency
Abstract: The objective was to examine the adaptation strategies of four maquis species to drought prone environments; typical of the east Mediterranean area in degraded and healthy sites in Turkey. A comparison made between sites for Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus coccifera shows higher net daily photosynthesis in the degraded site, when compared with the healthysite; but Ceratonia siliqua and Olea oleaster exhibited no difference in thier photosynthetic activity in environmentally contrasting conditions. The pattern of daily transpiration shows higher values in the degraded site in hte case of P. lentiscus and Q. coccifera, while no site effect was observed for C. siliqua and O. oleaster. In the case of Q. coccifera, a behavior similar to C. siliqua was observed. A comparison made between C. siliqua and O. oleaster to observe seasonal differences in daily patterns of net photosynthesis and transpiration reveals that Q.coccifera had the highest water use efficiency (slope =2.88; r2=0.61), followed by c. siliqua (slope = 2.74; r2 = 0.7), P. lentiscus (slope=2.56; r2=0.52) and O. oleaster (slope =2.40; r2=0.78). Olea oleaster and P. lentiscus performed as a drought tolerant species, being more resistant to aridity nad thus indicative of the degradation state of the site. Ceratonia siliqua and Q.coccifera were found avoiding drought by adopting first a water-spending strategy, and then a water-saving strategy.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53583
Title: Carolina poplar (Populus x canadensis Moench ) as a biomonitor of trace elements in Black sea region of Turkey
Author: Sehnaz Celik, Ersin Yucel, Sezgin Celik, Salih Gucel and Munir Ozturk
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Populus x canadensis, Trace elements, Pollution
Abstract: In this study, the leaves, bark and the soil supporting Populus x canadensis Moench were tested as a possible biomonitor of trace element pollution in the Middle Black Sea region of Turkey. The investigations were carried out at 23 sites. The leaves, bark and soil were analyzed for Pb++, Cd++, Fe++, Cu++and Zn++contents. The values of Pb++, Cd++, Fe++, Cu++and Zn++in the leaves varied between 14.5-40.0, 0.5-1.5, 135-486, 5.0-14.0 and 43-246 ppm, respectively. In the bark the values were between 15.5-36.5 (Pb++), 1.5-2.0 (Cd++), 39-575 (Fe++), 5.0-14.0 ( Cu++) and 40.0-1468 ppm (Zn++), whereas in the soil values for Pb++ were 1.0-4.1 ppm, for Cd++0.2ppm, for Fe++ 0.6-1.8 ppm, for Cu++ 0.1-0.9 ppm and for Zn++ 0.1-1.9 ppm. A positive correlation was found between traffic density and the amount of Pb++, Fe++and Cu++ in leaves, while a negative correlation was documented for Cd++ and Zn++. In the bark samples there was a positive correlation between traffic density and Pb++, and a negative one with Cd++, Fe++, Cu++and Zn++. A positive correlation was determined between traffic density and the amount of Pb++, Fe++, Cu++and Zn++in soil. However, the amount of Cd++ was 0.2 ppm and no relationship between Cd++ and traffic density was observed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53582
Title: Nutrient status in soil of Ski runs in the sub-alpine belt of Uludag mountain, Bursa, Turkey
Author: Gurcan Guleryuz, Serap Kirmizi adn Hulya Arslan
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Abies bournmuelleriana, Forest soil, Ski runs, Sub-alpine, Soil nutrients
Abstract: Large areas of land are disturbed in sensitive bio-diverse mountain environments by Ski runs. Restoration of vegetation on such disturbed mountain sites may be hampered by soil degradation but the severity and nature of the constraints is not well understood. This study was designed to compare the water holding and nutritional status of soil in three Ski runs which had different construction dates and disturbance levels, and the adjacent undisturbed site in the Abies bornmuelleriana forest community in the sub-alpine belt of Uludag Mountain (Bithynian Olympus). The values of soil parameters were depressed in proportion to the disturbance level. Water holding capacity (WHC), total nitrogen (N), organic carbon (C) and calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+) contents (mg kg-1dry weight) of soils in the Ski run which had the highest disturbance level were lower than that of the undisturbed adjacent sites. However, the results indicated that the soil parameters were less degraded when secondary vegetation was growing on the disturbed areas.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53581
Title: Evaluation of consecutive skylines yarding and gravity skidding systems in primary forest transportation on steep terrain
Author: Selcuk Gumus and H. Hulusi Acar
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Forest transportation, Skyline yarding, Gravity skidding, Steep terrain, Environmental damages, Productivity
Abstract: This investigation evaluates two primary forest transportation systems, consecutive skyline yarding system integrated with two different types of skyline yarding systems and the gravity skidding system, considering technical, economical and environmental aspects. The results indicated that the productivity of consecutive skyline yarding system was 4.97 m3 hr-1, while the productivity of the gravity skidding system was 0.74 m3 hr-1. The unit costs of these primary transportation systems were found to be $5.98 and $ 51.28 m3, respectively. Besides, the gravity skidding system caused more damages on skidded logs, residual trees, and forest soil than that of consecutive skyline yarding system. It was also indicated that two different skyline yarding systems produced definite and different average yarding distances and technical capacities, which negatively affected the overall performance of the consecutive skyline yarding system. Therefore, different types of skyline yarding systems should not be integrated into the consecutive yarding systems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53580
Title: Evaluation on management of wild boar (Sus scrofa L) population in Bolu-Sazakici hunting ground
Author: Vedat Beskardes, Ersel Yilmaz and Tamer Oymen
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Hunting ground, wild boar, point counts, management
Abstract: Bolu-sazakici sample hunting ground covered 9132 ha divided into 360 sample areas of 25 ha each. 50 of them were sampled by means of the simple random sampling method. In the sample areas "Point Counts" was applied and the population of wild boar density and numbers were determined. As a result, it was estimated that 734 wild boars inhabit the area. Of these individuals, 79 were males, 238 were females and 417 were pigets. The wild boar density in the area was determined as 8.03 individual 100 ha=1. In this paper , first of all, the density of wild boar population was determined by the point counts method, then it was tried to evaluate its management for Volu-Sazakici sample hunting ground.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53579
Title: Presence of insectivorous birds in the forest area of Istanbul University, Turkey
Author: Zeynel Arslangundogdu
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Insectivorous birds, Research forest, Transect observation
Abstract: Facilitation insectivorous birds life which is among the significant predators of insects in the forest is extremely important in terms of maintaining an intact natural ecosystem, biological variety and biological fight against over-reproducing harmful insects. The aim of our study is to conduct a preliminary search of insectivorous birds living in the research forest. Observation and field studies were conducted between January-December 2002. Transect observation and counting methods wer applied in the simplest way to observe the birds during the research. Aim of the count is to separate the bird species into ordinal categories of their abundance. As a result of this study 47 of 88 bird species found in research area are insectivorous bird species. They belong to 19 families. When encounter rates of insectivorous birds are considered, one of them is common, nine of them are frequent, thirty six of them are uncommon and one species is rare.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53578
Title: Observation on ornithofauna of Kocaeli-Yuvacik dam watershed in Turkey
Author: Akif Keten, Vedat Beskardes and Zeynel Arslangundogdu
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Yuvacik watershed, Bird species, Forest, Threatened species
Abstract: The objective of this study was to detemine the bird species in the Yuvacik Dam watershed in the province of Kocaeli. The total area of the study site was 25800 ha, and was subdivided to 60 plots (the size of each plot, 2 x 2 km). Observations and inventory for each species were carried out. A total of 130 species belonging to 38 genus of 16 orders wee identified. Eighty-seven were classified as Passeriformes. Forty two species breed in the region. A total of 21223 birds were counted. According to IUCN criteria, two species, (Ficedula semitorquata (Von H., 1885) and Sitta krueperi (Pelzeln, 1863), were categorized as near threatened (NT).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53577
Title: Long term effects of red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazing on soil in a breeding area
Author: Meric Kumbasli, Ender Makineci and Meric Cakir
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Red deer, Breeding, Grazing, Soil, Compaction, Forest floor
Abstract: This paper examines the effects of red deer grazing on some properties of soil (sand, silt, clay, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, bulk density, fine soil weight, compaction and saturation capacity), and litter (unit weight-mass, organic matter content (%) and organic matter mass) properties on a red deer breeding area by comparing an undisturbed area in Istanbul Belgrad Forest-Turkey. According to the results obtained in this study, the litter mass in the breeding area has been found considerably lower. There were some crucial changes in the characteristics of the soil which has been investigated in 0-5 cm depth. No important difference had been detected between the breeding area and the undisturbed area in terms of electrical conductivity. However, other investigated soil properties in 0-5 cm depth showed significant differences between the undisturbed area and the breeding area. Soil was significantly compacted by red deer grazing. The soil pH was 2.18 unit higher in undisturbed area. Moreover, organic carbon content (1.395%) in the breeding area was found quite lower. Depending on the compaction of the soil and lessen quantity of soil organic matter, the value of saturation capacity (28.83%) on the breeding area is considerably lower, bulk density and fine soil weights were significantly higher. Mean silt and clay proportions (25.4 and 33.7%, respectively) are quite higher and the mean sand proportion (40.9%) was lower in the breeding area than in the undisturbed area. Results indicated that long term red deer grazing in the breeding area adversely affected litter and soil properties.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53576
Title: Population status of jungle cat (Felis chaus) in Egirdir lake, Turkey
Author: Idris Ogurlu, Ebubekir Gundogdu adn Ismet Ceyhun Yildirim
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Jungle cat, Felis chaus, Egirdir lake, Ecology
Abstract: This study has been conducted between years 2002-2008 in nearby Egirdir lake, which is acknowledged to be amongst the biggest fresh water lakes in Turkey. Within the scope of this study, observations have been made on one of the cat species common in Turkey, Jungle Cat Felis chaus, its biology, distribution, population size, behavior and food in their habitat as well as problems concerning its conservation. The findings have been compared to previous data set worldwide. Besides, the status of this species in Turkey has been briefly referred.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53575
Title: Investigation on changes in complex vegetation coverage using multi-temporal landsat data of Western Black sea region- A case study
Author: Huseyin Oguz Coban, Ayhan Koc and Mehmet Eker
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Digital change detection, Mixed vegetation change, Landsat, Geographic Information Sytem(GIS)
Abstract: Previous studies have been able to successfully detect changes in gently-sloping forested areas with low-diversity and homogeneous vegetation cover, using medium-resolution satellite data such as landsat. The aim of the present study is to examine the capacity of multi-temporal landsat data to identify changes in forested areas with mixed vegetation and generally located on step slopes or non-uniform topography, landsat thematic mapper (TM) and landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) data for the years 1987-2000 was used to detect changes within a 19,500 ha forested area in the Western Black sea region of Turkey. The data comply with the forest cover type maps previously created for forest management plans of the research area. The methods used to detect changes were post-classification comparison, image differencing, image rationing and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) differencing methods. Following the supervised classification process, error matrices were used to evaluate the accuracy of classified images obtained. The overall accuracy has been calculated as 87.59% for 1987 image and as 91.81% for 2000 image. General kappa statistics have been calculated as 0.8543 and 0.9038 for 1987 and 2000, respectively. The changes identified via the post-classification comparison method were compared with other change detetion methods. Maximum coherence was found to be 74.95% at 4/3 band rate. The NDVI difference and 3rd band difference methods achieved the same coherence with slight variations. The results suggest that landsat satellite data accurately conveys the temporal changes which occur on steeply-sloping forested areas with a mixed structure, providing a limited amount of detail but with a high level of accuracy. Moreover, it has been decided that the post-classification comparison method can meet the needs of forestry activities better than other methods as it provides information about the direction of these changes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53574
Title: Impact of road network on the structure of a multifunctional forest landscape unit in southern Turkey
Author: Mehmet Eker adn Huseyin Oguz Coban
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Forest roads, landscape structure, Road effects, shape indices, Road density, Multifunctional forest
Abstract: Forest roads have many kinds of direct and indirect effects such a physical, ecological, and socio-economic effects in landscape scale. In this study the relationship between forest road network and the structure of a multifunctionally planned forest landscape, in the south of Turkey was examined. The aim of the study was to determine whether or not the correlation between road network and landscape structure across a gradient of road density, categorical road/no road approach and landscape pattern data from the managed forest landscapes existed. It was concerned with three type polygons that were functioning patches, compartments, and stand patches and were associated with higher road density or existing of road network. To quantify the case, it was analyzed whether the spatial structure of forest patches adjacent to roads differs from the spatial structure of forest patches away from roads. GIS was used to integrate quantitative indices of landscape structure. There was little negatively significant relationship between road density and patch area/size, patch perimeter, and shape index of patton index (PI) and no correlation with patch number and Fractal Dimension (FD). The forest road network modified spatial pattern of patch shape through PI values. The road network increased the number of patch and decreased mean patch size. The existence of road network was more effective than topography index appearing of PI and FD in the roaded areas. It was indicated to potential reverse impacts of road network on spatial structure of forest compartments in terms of shape index (FD). Highest proportions of harvestable forest areas fall into roaded areas. The results define that road networks are effective on the spatial structure of forest landscape. The forest road network of study area has all probable ecological impacts of forest roads mentioned in context.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53573
Title: Relationship between a natural monumental stand in Turkey and local beliefs
Author: Nuri Oner, Sezgin Ozden and Ustuner Birben
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 1 & 2, January & March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Cankiri, Crimean juniper, Local beliefs, Monumental stand, Tuney
Abstract: Northbound roads from Ankara, the capital of Turkey, pass through immensely wide plains containing almost no trees. There is a small hill above Tuney village located at the right side of the road 80 km north of Ankara, and it is conspicuous by a small forest. How did this forest survive until today? This is a curious question for everybody interested in nature. This study aims to review and analyze two different structures of the area: the local peasants who created a myth for the small forest in question, and the forest itself. Informal interview method was employed to understand the peasants perception of the forest and to get to know them. Inclination of the field ranges between 12-350 four sample quadrats of 400 m2, which can best represent the constitution they belong to, were taken in order to find out the stand constitutions in the research site and their various silvicultural properties. There are 10 trees having monumental features in this natural stand. The most magnificient of these trees is 15 m, its diameter is 60 cm and it is estimated to be 500 yr old. The small forest studied herein does not owe its survival to the shaman belief in question; otherwise all juniper forests would have remained intact. The small forest is conserved not because juniper is considered sacred, but the local people pay respect to teh evliya ' s grave there. The most significant conclusion deducted from this case study is environmental protection and local beliefs have closer relationships.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None