ID: 53617
Title: Analysis of AchE and LDH in mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis after exposure to chlorpyrifos
Author: B. Amanullah, A. Stalin, P. Prabu and S. Dhanapal
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Biomarker, LDH, Acetylcholinesterase, Chlorpyrifos
Abstract: The enzymes Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and Lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) are used as biological markers in the present study. Enzymes are highly sensitive and used to evaluate the biological effects of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis. The test organisms were exposed to sub-lethal concentration (5 ppm) of chlorpyrifos for 30 days and allowed to recover for seven days. A distinct reduction of the enzyme AchE (34 + 3.3 Ul-1) was found in the treated hepatopancreas. A significant increase in LDH activity in gill, hepatopancreas and muscle was observed. There was a significant recovery in AchE and LDH in the different tissues, after seven days recovery period. Hence, the changes in the enzymes are found as the best biomarkering tool to evaluate the effect of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos on the aquatic biota.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53616
Title: Induction of oxidative stress by non-lethal dose of mercury in rat liver: Possible relationships between apoptosis and necrosis
Author: Bharat Bhusan Patnaik, Atish Roy, Soumik Agarwal and Shelley Bhattacharya
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Mercury, Oxidative stress, Lipid peroxidation, Glutathione, Apoptosis
Abstract: Sprague Dawley strain of male rats weighing 200 + 10.0g, were exposed intramuscularly to non-lethal dose of mercury for short acute duration of 24 and 48 hr. Mercury treatment increased thio-barbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and conjugated diene (CD) content with increase in duration when compared with control. This reflects possible increase in lipid peroxidation, revealing that sufficient intoxication was generated by non-lethal dose of mercury. Furthermore, mercury treatment decreased tissue glutathione (GSH) content to 2.07 and 1.49 ?g GSH mg protein-1
with concomitant decrease in glutathione -S-transferase (GST) activity by 26.06 and 36.40% after 24 and 48 hr of exposure respectively. The elevations of aspartate tansaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels measured exhibited increase of 287.5 and 214.5% after 48 hr of exposure respectively which were found to be highly significant compared with control. Western blot analysis indicated upregulation of caspase-9 and upsurge in effector caspase-3 activity leading to apoptosis. The concluded findings of the present investigation suggests possible role of early mercury exposure in inducing oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in mammalian model systems as an indicator component of environmental toxicology.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53615
Title: Effect of neem extract against the bacteria isolated from marine fish
Author: N.B.Dhayanithi, T. T. Ajith Kumar and K. Kathiresan
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Crude extract, Marine ornamental fishes, Minimum inhibitory concentraion, Zone of inhibition
Abstract: Marine ornamental fishes are exceedingly valuable due to thier high demand in domestic and itnernational markets. There is a growing global interest to rear the fishes in captivity. But problem due to bacteria and fungi are the major hitch in captive condition. Since, the use of antibiotics is banned, an attempt was made to ascertian in vitro assay of the neem leaves extract against the bacterial pathogens isolated from infected fishes. Bacterial strains isolated from infected regions of the clown fishes Amphipiron sebae and A. ocellaris were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacter sp. E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp., Streptococcus sp, Vibrio cholerae, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus and Yersinia enterocolitica. Ethanol and methanol extracts were highly inhibitory to the bacterial isolates when compared to other solvents. Ethanol extracts exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentration (75-250?gml-1 ) as compared to other extracts. The present finding revealed that the neem leaf extract significantly reduces the bacterial pathogens and their infection in marine ornamental fishes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53614
Title: Identification of species-specific RAPD markers in genus Cenchrus
Author: Amaresh Chandra and Archana Dubey
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Cenchrus, Genetic relationship, Species-specific markers, RAPD, Species identification
Abstract: Cenchrus is an important component of major grass cover of world. Similar to the other major tropical grasses most of the species in genus Cenchrus are also apomictic in nature hence correct and precise identification of accessions and species are problematic and dubious. In the present study 187 decamer oligonucleotide primers were tested for PCR-based DNA amplification of six prominent species of genus Cenchrus. Of these, 32 potential repetitive and polymorphic primers were tested for identification of species-specific markers for C.ciliaris, C.setigerus, C.pennisetiformis,C.prieurri, C.biflorus and C.myosuroides. These primers yielded 51 unique RAPD markers either specific to a species (37) or shared by two or more species (14). Maximum markers were shared between C, ciliaris and C. setigerus confirming their more closeness to each other. Primers like OPF09, OPF11, OPR15, OPAJ11, OPQ10 and OPAK20 generated strong intense bands can be used on priority in identifying the species from their natural habitat for the development of species-specific core germplasm. Due to apomictic nature this is the prime method of developing cultivars, as morphological characters are largely unable to distinguish them. The level of variation observed clearly suggest RAPD as an appropriate marker for genetic studies and in identifying the lines with species-specific markers for Cenchrus germplasm management activity and also maintaining identity and purity for proprietary reasons.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53613
Title: Bioefficacy of insecticides against Leucinodes orbonalis on brinjal
Author: Anil and P.C.Sharma
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Bioefficacy, Insecticides, Leucinodes orbonalis, Brinjal
Abstract: Studies on bioefficacy of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee on brinjal were carried out during 2007 and 2008. The results on bioefficacy of insecticides showed that in terms of shoot infestation, emamectin benzoate (0.002%), endosulfan (0.05%), novaluron (0.01%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (0.004%) were found superior. The total number of drooping shoots was minimum (4.17) in emamectin benzoate followed by endosulfan (6.83) and novaluron (7.00), as compared to spinosad (9.17), deltamethrin (11.67) and Bacillus thuringiensis (13.17). In terms of reduction in fruit infestation, emamectin benzoate (0.002%) was highly effective followed by endosulfan (0.05%), agrospray ail T (0.2%) and spinosad (0.0024%). However, cost benefit ratio was highest in agrospray oil T(0.2%) followed by lambda-cyhalothrin (0.004%), endosulfan (0.05%) and deltamethrin (0.0028%).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53612
Title: Effect of surfactants on phosphatase level of fresh water fish Labeo rohita
Author: R. Mandal (Nee Patel), D. Mandal, N. Mishra and A. Bahadur
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Surfactant, Phosphatase, Rohu
Abstract: Alterations in the activity of enzymes Acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2) and Alkaline phosphatase (EC. 3.1.3.1) in organs such as liver, gills and muscle of rohu following its exposure to surfactants viz., CTAB, SDS and Triton X-100 were analyzed. Different levels of exposure were given depending on the LC50 value of the surfactant used. Also, the influence of age and weight of the organisms was tested simultaneously. The activity of ACP in the tissues of fish exposed to all the three surfactants showed marked enhancement after exposure; the effect being highest in the liver followed by gill and muscle. Activity levels of ALP in different tissues of the fish exposed to the surfactants also showed an increase. Maximum increase was found in the liver followed by muscle, and gill. The increase in the levels of these enzymes indicates a stressful condition of the fish.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53611
Title: Sulphur management in onion (Allium cepa) cultivation in hills of Himachal Pradesh
Author: R.C.Jaggi and R.K. Sharma
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Gypsum, S95, Sulphur, Onion, Management
Abstract: Field experiment were conducted at CSK HPKV Research Farm, Palampur during Rabi seasons of 2000-01 and 2001-02, to study teh response of onion (Allium cepa var. Patna red) at four sulphur levels (0, 15, 30 and 60 kg ha-1) applied through Gypsum and S95. The analysis was done to allocate the limited availability of sulphur for maximizing net profit over fertilizer cost. The results show that the dose of sulphur under its full availability is 43.02 kg ha-1. But under its scare availability, the maximum benefit would occur when it is applied upto 32.11 kg ha-1 followed by even distribution of fertilizer i.e. 20 kg ha-1. The returns following sulphur application at these rates, would be Rs 69340, 73092 and 68700 ha-1 respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53610
Title: Bioactive potential of seagrass bacteria against human bacterial pathogens
Author: S. Ravikumar, N. Thajuddin, P. Suganthi, S. Jacob Inbaneson and T. Vinodkumar
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Antibiotic resistant bacteria, Antimicrobial activity, Bioactive compounds, Sea grass, Symbiotic bacteria
Abstract: Study of marine organisms for their bioactive potential, being an important part of marine ecosystem, has picked up the rhythm in recent years with the growing recognition of their importance in human life. Investigation was carried out to isolate 32 strains of endo and epiphytic bacteria in 2 seagrass species viz., Syringodium isoetifolium and Cymodocea serrulata. Morphologically different bacterial strains were tested against 5 antibiotic resistant human bacterial pathogens, of which 10 associated bacteria shown inhibitory activity against one or more bacterial pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) determination with extracellular bioactive compounds from the associated bacteria reveals that, the strain ENC 5 showed inhibitory activity against all the bacterial pathogens with the maximum sensitivity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the MIC value of 500 ?g ml-1.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53609
Title: Evaluation of air pollution tolerance index of selected plant species along roadsides in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Author: S. Jissy Jyothi and D.S. Jaya
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Chlorophyll, Ascorbic acid, Air pollution tolerance index, Biomonitors
Abstract: To develop the usefulness of plants as bioindicators requires an appropriate selection of plant species which entail an utmost importance for a particular situation. In the present study a periodic evaluation of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of selected tree species such as Polyalthia longifolia, (Sonner) Thw. , Alstonia scholars, R. Br., Mangifera indica, L., and shrubs Clerodendron infortunatum, L., Eupatorium odoratum, L., and Hyptis suaveolens, (L) Poit., growing adjacent to the National Highway-47 passing through Thiruvananthapuram District which lies on the south-west coast of India, was carried out with a view to find out the air pollution tolerance as well as sensitivity of the plant species during different seasons. Among the trees in the roadside areas studied, Polyalthia longifolia, (Sonner) Thw., expressed highest APTI values and proved to be a tolerant variety and the others as sensitive species to air pollutants. In the case of shrubs, Clerodendron infortunatum, L., exhibited highest APTI values (7.34) and found to be more tolerant compared to the other two shrub species studied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53608
Title: Concentration of nitrite in respirable particulate matter of ambient air in Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Author: Sukesh Narayan Sinha, N.M.Desai, G.M.Patel, M.M.Mansuri and V. Shivgotra
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Nitrite, Ion chromatography, Ambient environment
Abstract: Water extract of respirable particulate matte (RPM) was analyzed by Ion chromatography technique to investigate the presence of nitrite (NO2) as secondary aerosol in ambient environment. The nitrite particulates undergo photo hydroxyl radical reaction in environment produce nitrous acid, which reacts with metal and absorbs on RPM as water-soluble metal salt. The mean concentration of nitrite was 20.86 ?g m-3 in ambient environment. Regression analysis showed that the relationship for respirable particulate matter and nitrite (RPM-NO2, R2=0.742) was positively significant. We are reporting the presence of nitrite as an aerosol in ambient environment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53607
Title: Soil properties and root biomass responses to prescribed burning in young corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) stands
Author: Aydin Tufekcioglu, Mehmet Kucuk, Bulent Saglam, Ertugrul Bilgili and Lokman Altun
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Forest fire, Root biomass, Soil respiration, Soil properties
Abstract: Fire is an important tool in the management of forest ecosystems. Although both prescribed and wildland fires are common in Turkey, few studies have addressed the influence of such disturbances on soil properties and root biomass dynamics. In this study, soil properties and root biomass responses to prescribed fire were investigated in 25 -year-old corsican pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) stands in Kastamonu, Turkey. The stands were established by planting and were subjected to prescribed burning in July, 2003. Soil respiration rates were determined every two months using soda-lime method over a two-year period. Fine (0-2 mm diameter) and small root (2-5 mm diameter) biomass were sampled approximately bimonthly using sequential coring method. Mean daily soil respiration ranged from 0.65 to 2.19 g Cm-2d-1 among all sites. Soil respiration rates were significantly higher in burned sites than in controls. Soil respiration rates were correlated significantly with soil moisture and soil temperature. Fine root biomass was significantly lower in burned sites than in control sites. Mean fine root biomass values were 4940 kg ha-1 for burned and 5450 kg ha-1 for control sites. Soil pH was significantly higher in burned sites than in control sites in 15-35 cm soil depth. Soil orgnic matter content did not differ significantly betweem control and burned sites. Our results indicate that, depending on site conditions, fire could be used successfully as a tool in the management of forest stands in the study area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53606
Title: Pre-growth mortality of Abies cilicica trees and mortality models performance
Author: Serdar Carus
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Abies cilicica, Growth pattern, Mortality prediction, Tree mortality
Abstract: In this study, we compared tree-growth rates (basal area increment) from recently dead and living Taurus fir (Abies cilicica Carr) trees in the Kovada lake Forest of Isparta, Turkey. For each dead tree, tree-growth rates were analyzed for the presence of pre-death growth depressions in the study area (number of sample plots = 11) in 2006. However, we compare both the magnitude and rate of growth prior to death to a control (living) group of trees. Basal area increment (BAI) averaged substantially less during the last 10 years before death than for control trees. Trees that died started diverging in growth, on average, 50-60 years before death. About 18% of trees that died had chronically slow growth, 46% had pronounced declines in growth, whereas 36% had good growth up to death. However, tree-ring-based growth patterns of dead and living Taurus fir trees were compared and used 12 mortality models that were derived using logistic regression from growth patterns of tree-ring series as predictor variables. The four models with the highest overall performance correctly classified 43.8-56.3% of all dead trees and 75.0-87.5% of all living trees, and they predicted 25.0-43.8% of all dead trees to die within 0-15 years prior to the actual year of death.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53605
Title: Control of pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa with Bacillus thuringiensis in Antalya, Turkey
Author: H. Huseyin cebeci, R. Tamer Oymen and Sabiha Acer
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp kurstaki, Pine processionary moth, Pine, Biological control, Mortality percentage
Abstract: Taumetopoea pityocampa (Den. and Schiff) is one of the most common defoliator insects found in Turkey. Although several methods have been used in attempting to control this major forest pest up to now but the problem still remains largely unsolved in Turkey. There is an urgent need to control and minimize the damages caused by these defoliating caterpillars. Therefore, we planned and applied field treatments using by Foray 76B and VBC 60074 to put forward to the efficiency of these bioinsecticides against PPM. The bioinsecticides included in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstaki (Btk). The vulnerable performance of a single application has been observed in the field trial of these bioinsecticides with mortality rates ranging from 97 to 99% in Turkey ' s pine forests.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53604
Title: Some technological properties and uses of Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) wood
Author: M. Hakan Akyildiz and Hamiyet Sahin Kol
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Paulownia tomentosa, Technological properties, Thermal conductivity
Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine some physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia tomentosa wood grown in Turkey. The samples trees harvested from Kargi in Corum. Physical properties including air-dry density, oven-dry density, basic density, swelling, shrinkage and oven-dry and air-dry thermal conductivity coefficients; mechanical properties including bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, compression strength parallel to grain, hardness, bonding strength were analyzed. Paulownia tomentosa wood ' s air dry and oven dry densities were determined as 0.317 and 0.294 g cm-3; basic density was determined as 0.272 g cm-3; volumetric shrinkage and swelling were determined as 7.78 and 8.41%; tangential, radial and logitudinal air-dry thermal conductivity coefficients were determined as 0.089, 0.090 and 0.133 kcal/mh0C, respectively. Fiber saturation point (FSP) was found 28.79%; bending strength, Modulus of elasticity in bending, compression strength parallel to grain and Brinell hardness values (parallel and perpendicular to grain) were determined as 43.56 N mm-2, 4281.32N mm-2, 25.55 Nmm-2, 2.01kgf mm-2 and 0.88 kgf mm-2,respectively. Consequently, paulownia wood can be widely used for various purposes such as house construction, furniture making, pulp and paper and handicrafts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53603
Title: Phytoplankton composition of Euphrates River in Al-Hindiya barrage and Kifil city region of Iraq
Author: Fikrat M. Hassan, William D. Taylor, Mayson M.S. Al-Taee and Hassan J.J.Al-Fatlawi
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 3, May 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Algae, Phytoplankton, Seasonal variation, Euphrates river
Abstract: Seasonal variations in phytoplankton abundance and their composition were studied at five stations in the middle region (between Al-Hindiya barrage to Kifil City) of the Euphrates River in Iraq between March, 2004, and February, 2005. A total 151 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, belonging to Bacillariophyceae (98), Chlorophyceae (33), Cyanophyceae (14), Euglenophyceae (2), Xanthophyceae (2), and Dinopyceae (2). The total abundance of phytoplankton cells varied from 136 to 5312 cells l-1 with maxima in spring and fall. Bacillariophyceae were the most abundant group at all stations. Some species of phytoplankton occurred continuously during the study period (Cyclotella ocellata, C. meneghiana, Cocconeis placentula, Nitzchia spp, Meringospaera spinosa). The study recorded four species as new records for Iraqi. The phytoplankton was indicative of oligotrophic conditions although it showed some signs of organic pollution near cities.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None