ID: 53632
Title: Effects of spacing and post-planting treatments on survival and growth of Fraxinus angustifolia seedlings
Author: Emrah Cicek, Faruk Yilmaz, Fahrettin Tilki and Nurten Cicek
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Ash, Field performance, Spacing, Vegetation control
Abstract: This study was conducted at a bottomland hardwood site with heavy textured soil in Akyazi, Turkey to determine the effect of initial spacing (3.0 x 3.0, 3.0 x 2.0, 2.5 x 1.6 and 2.5 x 1.2 m) and post-planting treatments (untreated check, moving, hoeing, disking and hoeing plus disking) on early survival and growth of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. One-year old bare-root seedlings (70+5 cm in height) were hand-planted in December 2004. Through three years survival was perfect with a rate of 98% in all treatments. Spacing and the interaction between spacing and post-planting treatment did not significantly affect seedling growth through three years. However, height and diameter growth increased over time and differed signficantly among post-planting treatments. The hoeing and hoeing plus disking treatments gave the highest growth, and resulted in about 31% increase in diameter and height increment, and in total diameter and height about 20%. These results suggest that post-planting treatments on bottomland sites with heavy textured soil give promising results.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53631
Title: Nitrogen mineralization in a high altitude ecosystem in the Mediterranean phytogeographical region of Turkey
Author: Gurcan Guleryuz, Salih Gucel and Munir Ozturk
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Nitrogen Mineralization, Nitrification, High altitude, Grassland, Shrub, Forest
Abstract: Interrelations exist in the terrestrial ecosystems between the plant type and characteristics of nutrient uptake. Annual net nitrogen mineralization in soils of different plant communities in the high altitude zone of Spil mountain located in the Mediterranean phytogeographical region of Turkey was investigated throughout one year by field incubation method. Seasonal fluctuations resulting from field incubation were markedly higher in autumn and spring than summer. These are mainly associated with the changes in soil moisture being at minimum in the Mediterranean summer. A significant correlation was developed between the net Nitrate (kg NO3--N ha week-1) production and soil water content (p<0.05; r = 0.316 in soil of 0-5 cm; r= 0.312 in soil of 5-15 cm). The results showed that the annual productivity of nitrogen mineralization shows different values depending on communities. Annual net ammonium (NH4+-N) production in the soils of each community was negatively estimated. However, annual net nitrate (NO3--N) production (0-15 cm ) was higher in grassland (27.8 kg ha y-1) and shrub (25.0 kg ha y-1) than forest (12.4 kg ha y-1) community. While annual net N min values were close to each other in grassland (14.5 kg ha y-1) and shrub (14.1 kg ha y-1), but negative in forest community (-3.6 kg ha y-1). The reasons for these differences are discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53630
Title: Gas exchange in Paulownia species growing under different soil moisture conditions in the field
Author: J.M.Llano-Sotelo, L. Alcaraz-Melendez and A.E. Castellanos Villegas
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Paulownia, Drought, Photosynthesis, Gas exchange, Stomatal conductance
Abstract: In order to evaluate their responses to drought, we determined the phytosynthetic activity, water potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency, photosynthetic photon flux density and leaf temperature of Paulownia imperialis, P. fortunei and P. elongata in three different soil moisture conditions in the field. Our results showed that P. imperialis had greater photosynthesis (8.86 ?mol CO2 m-2S-1) and instantaneous water use efficiency (0.79 ?mol CO2 mmol H2O-1) than either P.elongata (8.20 ?mol CO2 m-2S-1 and 0.71 ?mol CO2 mmol H2O-1) or P. fortunei (3.26 ?mol CO2 m-2S-1 and 0.07 ?mol CO2 mmol H2O-1). The rapid growth of Paulownia did not appear to be correlated with photosynthetic rates. Paulownia fortunei showed more transpiration (48.78 mmol H2O m-2S-1) and stomatal conductance (840 mmol m-2S-1) than P. imperialis (20 mmol H2Om-2S-1and 540 m-2S-1) and P.elongata (20 mmol H2O m-2S-1 and 410 mmol m-2S-1) , which allowed these two Paulownia species to increase their tolerance to low soil moisture, and maintain higher water use efficiency under these conditions. According to our physiological gas exchange field tests, Paulownia imperialis does appear to be capable of successful growth in semiarid zones.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53629
Title: Stability of some quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes
Author: Zeki Mut, Nevzat Aydin, H. Orhan Bayramoglu and Hasan Ozcan
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Genotype x environment interaction, Stability, Bread wheat, Quality traits
Abstract: This study was carried out in order to determine some quality traits such as thousand grain weight (TGW), hectoliter weight (HW), grain protein content (GPC), Zeleny sedimentation volume (ZSV) and stability of quality traits of 25 bread wheat genotypes. The experiment was conducted at seven environmental conditions during 2 growing periods (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) using randomized complete block design with four replicates. The ANOVA showed that out of the total sum of squares, 48, 4, 28.0 and 23.6% for TGW, 71.4, 14.9 and 13.7% for HW, 54.4, 23.0 and 22.6% for GPC 44.7, 41.7 and 13.6% for ZSV was attributable to E, G and G x E interaction effects, respectively. Thousand grain weight, hectoliter weight, grain protein content and Zeleny sedimetasyon volume of genotypes changed from 34.5 to 41.4 g, from 76.5 to 80.4 kg from 11.49 to 13.37% and from 22.1 to 46.0 ml, respectively. Seven stability parameters, covering a wide range of statistical approaches, were used so as to predict the genotypes. The study of genotypic stability showed that Bezostaya and advanced lines numbered 11 and 24 had high stability for quality traits and proved to be the best within the pool of the studied genotypes. Also, 8 and 17 numbered genotypes demonstrated high stability for TGW, HW, GPC and HW, GPC and ZSV, respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53628
Title: Effects of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa on the filtration rate and mortality of the freshwater bivalve Crobicula leana
Author: Soon-Jin Hwang, Ho-Sub Kim, Jung-Hwan Park and Baik-Ho Kim
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Freshwater bivalve, Crobicula leana, Cyanobacteria, Filtration rate, Mortality
Abstract: We compared filtering rates (FR) and mortalities between freshwater filter-feeding bivalve Corbicula leana acclimatized (AM) and non-acclimatized (NAM) to an cyanobacterial bloom (mainly Microcystis aeruginosa) over seven days. Both mussel populations were simultaneously stocked into mesocosms constructed in littoral zones of a eutrophic lake at a density of 740 ind. m2 for 16 days. NAMs decreased the concentration of chlorophyll-a 50% less than AMs. For the first seven days, the FRs (0.46~0.61) and mortality rate (slope = -30.2, r=-0.95) of NAMs were higher than those of AMs, possibly due to a sudden increase in unselective filtering. From the eighth day, NAM mortality decreased rapidly and then stabilized, becoming similar to that of AMs through the end of the experiment. Stocking both AMs and NAMs increased the NH4-H concentration in the water, and the mortality rates of both mussel populaitons were correlated with NH4-N. In contrast, other nutrients and microcystin concentrations were not significantly associated with mussel mortality. These results indicate that although a sudden introduction of non-acclimatized C. leana may partially control phytoplankton biomass for a short period, previous short-term acclimatization is needed to minimize mussel mortality.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53627
Title: Impacts of repeated timber skidding on the chemical properties of topsoil, herbaceous cover and forest floor in an eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stand
Author: Murat Demir, Ender Makineci, Aydin Comez and Ersel Yilmaz
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Harvesting, Skidding, Soil, Forest floor, Herbaceous understory
Abstract: In this study, long-term timber skidding effects on hervaceous understory, forest floor and soil were investigated on a skid road in a stand of the eastern beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). For this purpose, herbaceous understory, forest floor and soil samples were collected from the skid road and from an undisturbed area used as a control plot. The mass (Kg ha-1) of herbaceous and forest floor samples was determined, and soil characteristics were examined at two depths (0-5cm and 5-10 cm). We quantified sand, silt and clay content, as well as bulk density, compaction, pH and organic carbon content in soil samples. The quantities of N, K, P, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were determined in all herbaceous cover, forest floor and soil samples. The quantities of Na, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in herbaceous understory samples from the skid road were considerably higher than those in the undisturbed area, while the quantity of Mg was considerably lower. These differences could have been caused by decreased herbaceous cover in addition to variations in the properties of the forest floor and soil after skidding. A lower amount of forest floor on the skid road was the result of skidding and harvestign activities. Mg and Zn contents in forest floor samples were found to be considerably lower for the skid road than for the undisturbed area. No significant differences wer found in soil chemical properties (quantities of N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) at the 0-5 cm soil depth. Important differences exist between soil quantities of Mg at a 5-10 cm depth on the skid road and in undisturbed areas. Both 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil depths, the avergae penetrometer resistance values for the skid road was higher than for the undisturbed area. This results shows that the compaction caused by skidding is maintained to depth of 10 cm. Skid road soil showed higher bulk density values than undisturbed areas because of compaction.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53626
Title: Ecotoxicological characterization of tannery wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Author: C.R.Arias-Barreiro, H. Nishizaki, K. Okubo, I. Aoyama and I.C.Mori
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Buriganga River, Ecotoxicity, Chromium tanning
Abstract: Tanning industries are one of the main economic activities in Bangladesh. It has been well documented that wastewater discharged from tanneries without appropriate treatment results in detrimental effects on the ecosystem. No ecotoxicity evaluation of any aquatic environment in Bangladesh has been conducted so far. In this study, a battery of toxicity bioassays and chemical analysis were carried out from water samples obtained from three sampling points: upstream from discharging site on River Buriganga (S1), raw wastewater effluent (S2), and downstream the discharging sluice gate (S3), in the Hazaribagh tannery area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. While S1 and S3 wate samples did not show significant toxicity in the bioasays tested, S2 exhibited high acute toxicity to the bacterium Vibrio fischeri (15- min Microtox? test, EC50 = 9.8%), the higher plant Lactuca sativa (5-day root elongation inhibition test, EC50 =14.2%), and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna (24-hour mobility test, EC50= 31.5%). The results suggested that the new wastewater effluent had detrimental effects on broad spectrum of organisms in the aquatic ecosystem and bacterium was the most sensitive. The chemical analysis revealed that smaple S2 contained an extremely high concentration of chromium (47 gl-1). Additionally, microbiological analysis indicated that the sampling area is impacted by fecal pollution, increasing the environmental health risk for its inhabitants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53625
Title: The investigation of cytotoxic effects of refinery wastewater on root tip cells of Vicia faba L.
Author: Kultigin Cavusoglu, Emine Yalcin adn Aysun Ergene
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Cytotoxicity, Heavy metal contamination, Kizilirmark river, Micronucleus assay, Refinery wastewater, Vicia faba L.
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of refinery wastewater collected from different stations of the Kizilirmark river on vicia faba L. root tip cells. For this aim, we used the germination percentage, root length, weight gain and micronucleus (MN) frequency as indicators of cytotoxicity. Additionally to the cytological analysis, DNA analyses were performed in root tips meristems of Vicia faba seeds treated with refinery wastewater. Heavy metal concentrations in the water samples wer determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of heavy metals in the water were in the order of Pb>Zn>Fe>Cu>Ni>Cd>Hg. The highest gemination percentage was observed in the control group ( in proportion as 96%). Heavy metals in the water samples collected from Station I, II and III caused a decrease in the germination percentage as 48, 18 and 30%, respectively. The highest root length and weight gain was observed in the control group at the end of the experimental period. The least root length and weight gain was observed in seeds treated with wastewater collected from Station I. In the control group, the weights of all the seeds increased about 4.08g when compared with initial weight.The root lengths of the control seeds were determined as 6.38 cm at the end of the experimental period. The weights of the seeds exposed to wastewaters obtained from Station I, II and III increased about 1.08, 3.03 and 2.01 g according to initial weight, respectively. Microscopic examination of V. faba root tip meristem cells showed that any example of the MN formation was not seen in the control group. The highest frequency of MN was observed in group treated with wastewater collected from Station I and least frequency of MN was observed in group treated with wastewater collected fr;om Station II. It was also observed that the yields of DNA in the seeds exposed to wastewater were lower than recorded in the controls. Hence, DNA yields exlposed to wastewater were run ahead on agarose gel according to the control group. The results clearly indicate that refinery wastewater had important cytotoxic effects on V. faba root tip cells. It was also observed that V. faba seeds are very sensitive and useful biomarkers for monitoring these effects in waters contaminated with heavy metals.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53624
Title: Effect of salinity on survival and growth of blue crab, Callinectes amnicola from Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
Author: Aderonke Omolara Lawal-Are and Kola Kusemiju
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Salinity tolerance, Survival, Growth, Callinectes amnicola, Lagos Lagoon
Abstract: The effect of salinity on the survival and growth of Callinectes amnicola (De Rocheburne) from the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria was monitored in the laboratory for 22 weeks. The crabs were euryhaline and tolerated a salinity range of 5 to 25% and had 90% survival at 15 and 20%. The highest gain in weight (173.0%) and carapace width (56.1%) was obtained at salinity of 15%. The highest specific growth rate (1.98) was obtained at 15%, while the lowest specific growth rate (-0.28) was recorded at 35%. The condition factor of the crabs showed a fairly consistent pattern at the different salinity levels with values ranging from 5.7 to 7.3. Complete moulting was obtained at salinity of 15% in the 12th week of the experiment. The crab with carapace width of 6.8 cm increased to 8.1 cm (19.1%) after moulting.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53623
Title: Effect of defoliation by the pine processionary moth (PPM) on radial, height and volume growth of Crimean pine (Pinus nigra) trees in Turkey
Author: Serdar Carus
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Crimean pine, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni, Growth loss, Tree ring analysis, Dendrochronology
Abstract: In this study, we assessed the effects of chronic defoliation on radial, height and volume growth of Crimean pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees of the pine processionary moth [Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)] in western Turkey. Crimean pine tree ring chronologies were analyzed for evidence of the pine processionary moth (PPM). Tree ring widths from non-defoliated Crimean pine sample trees, which were not defoliated by PPM from 1998 to 2004, were used to estimate potential growth in the defoliated Crimean pine sample during the same time interval. In 2004, increment cores collected from 50 defoliated sample trees and 25 non-defoliated sample trees dominant or co-dominant trees. Annual radial growth indices from 1985-2004 calculated for each defoliated Crimean pine and non-defoliated Crimean pine group. We identified regional outbreaks of PPM by synchronous and sustained growth period of Crimean pine trees. Growth functions of defoliated Crimean pine trees (3) and non-defoliated Crimean pine trees (2) were graphically compared as the cumulative sum of radial, height and volume increment. Two outbreak were identified in 1992 (1992 and 1993) and 1998 (1998-2004) in the study area. PPM caused a significant decrease (average 33%, p<0.05) in the annual radial increment in 1998-2004.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53622
Title: Biodegradation of mono-chlorobenzene by using a trickle bed air biofilter (TBAB)
Author: Anil K. Mathur, C.B.Majumder, Dhananjay Singh and Shashi Bala
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Trickled bed air biofilter (TBAB), Mono-chlorobenzene (MCB), Empty bed residence time (EBRT), Monod kinetics
Abstract: In the present study, performance of the trickle bed air biofilter (TBAB) for treating mono-chlorobenzene (MCB) was evaluated for various influent volatile organic compound (VOC) loadings using coal and mixed consortium of activated sludge as the packing material. Microbial acclimation to MCB was achieved by exposing the system continuously for 31 d to an average inlet MCB concentration of 0.688 gm-3 at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 188 s. The TBAB achieved maximum removal efficiency of 87% at an EBRT of 188s for an inlet concentration of 0.681 gm-3 , which is quite significance that the values reported in the literature. Elimination capacities of MCB increased with an increase of the influent VOC loading, but an opposite trend was observed for the removal efficiency. The maximum elimination capacity of the biofilter was 110.75 gm-3 hr-1at an inlet MCB concentration of 1.47 gm-3 . The effect of starvation on the TBAB was also studied. After starvation, the TBAB lost its ability to degrade MCB initially. However, the biofilter recovered very quickly. Evaluation of the concentration profile along the bed height indicated that te bottom section of TBAB has the best performance for all concentrations. By using Wani ' s method of macrokinetic determination based on simple Monod kinetics, the maximum removal rate of MCB, rmax
and saturation constant Km was to be found as 1.304 g m-3S-1 and 113.446 g m-3, respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53621
Title: Bioremediation of industrial waste through mushroom cultivation
Author: Shweta Kulshreshtha, Nupur Mathur, Pradeep Bhatnagar and B.L. Jain
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Mushroom cultivation, Pollution abatement, Handmade paper, Pulp and cardboard industries
Abstract: Handmade paper and cardboard industries are involved in processing of cellulosic and ligno-cellulosic substances for making paper by hand or simple machinery. In the present study, solid sludge and effluent of both cardboard and handmade paper industries was collected for developing a mushroom cultivation technique to achieve zero waste discharges. Findings of present research work reveals that when 50% paper industries waste is used by mixing with 50% (w/w) wheat straw, significant increase (96.38%) in biological efficiency over control of wheat straw was observed. Further, cultivated basidiocarps showed normal morphology of stipe and pileus. Cross section of lamellae did not show any abnormality in the attachment of basidiospores, hymenal trama and basidium. No toxicity was found when fruiting bodies were tested chemically.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53620
Title: Drought stress induced changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in genus Avena
Author: Harish C. Pandey, M.J.Baig, A. Chandra and R.K. Bhatt
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Drought, Antioxidant system, Lipid peroxidation, Avena sativa
Abstract: Seven species of genus Avena viz., Avena sativa, Avena strigosa, Avena brevis, Avena vaviloviana, Avena abyssinica, Avena marocana and Avena sterilis were used to study the impact of drought stress on lipid peroxidation and other antioxidant enzymes. Maximum increase in the catalase activity was recorded in A. vaviloviana (129.97%) followed by A. sativa (122.82%) and A. brevis (83.38%) at vegetative stage; however at flowering stage the maximum increase was reported in A. sativa (25.62%) followed by A. sterilis (20.46%) and A. brevis (18.53%). At vegetative stage drought, maximum increase in peroxidase activity was recorded in A. sativa (122.82%) followed by A. brevis (83.38%) and A. sterilis (49.78%). Flowering stage drought, showed maximum increase in A. sativa (27.09%) followed by A. marocana (23.50%) and A. sterilis (20.46%). A. sativa and A. sterilis showed stress tolerance at both the stages by accumulating higher percentage of peroxidase followed by A. brevis at vegetative and A. marocana at flowering stage.Level of lipid peroxidation in terms of Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased in the leaves when plants were subjected to moisture stress. The rate of increase in lipid peroxidation occurs irrespective of stage however; maximum increase was recorded in A. strigosa at both the stages. Avena species which showed high level of MDA content, indicates more lipid peroxidation and more membrane permeability and are comparatively more susceptible for water stress than those which produce less Malondialdehyde (MDA) content at higher magnitude of water stress such species have better capacity for moisture stress tolerance.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53619
Title: Impact of fishing methods on conservation of ichthyofauna of river Relli in Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal
Author: Manik L. Acharjee and Sudip Barat
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Fishing method, Fish conservation, Hill-stream, Darjeeling Himalaya
Abstract: Impact of fishing methods and gears used on fish faunal diversity in spring-fed torrential river Relli in Darjeeling hill area of West Bengal was investigated in the present study. The fish species available in the river provide nutrition and recreation (rarely income generation) for a large number of people residing along the river bank and nearby villages and towns. The fishing methods observed therein have been categorized as, i) Scientific fishing methods, that is, collection of required number and size of fish so that sufficient population of fish remains balanced in the nature. ii) Unscientific fishing methods, that is, indiscriminate killing of large number of fish which adversely affect the water quality of rivers. Ten types of fishing methods are practiced in this area, for example, diversion of river channel, cast netting, scoop netting, angling, fish spearing, rock striking or hammering, dynamiting, electric fishing, river poisoning and traps utilized. Over the years uncontrolled and often indiscriminate fishing in the unmanaged hill-stream has resulted in a sharp decline in fish resources. The study gives a clear picture on the anthropogenic pressure on the river Relli and provides baseline data which may be helpful for conservation and management of the fish species and also formulating new fishery policy.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53618
Title: Accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in soil and plants from fly ash contaminated area
Author: Ramesh Singh, D.P. Singh, Narendra Kumar, S.K. Bhargava and S.C.Barman
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Accumulation, Fly ash, Heavy metals, Accumulator species, Enrichment factor, Translocation factor
Abstract: The present investigation deals with the accumulation of heavy metals in fields contaminated with fly ash from a thermal power plant and subsequent uptake in different parts of naturally grown plants. Results revealed that in the contaminated site, the mean level of all the metals (Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe) in soil and different parts (root and shoots) of plant species were found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher than the uncontaminated site. The enrichment factor (EF) of these metals in contaminated soil was found to be in the sequence of Cd (2.33)>Fe (1.88)>Ni(1.58)>Pb(1.42)>Zn(1.31)>Mn(1.27)>Cr(1.11)>Cu(1.10). Whereas, enrichment factor of metals in root and shoot parts, were found to be in the order of Cd (7.56)>Fe(4.75)>Zn(2.79)>Ni(2.22)>Cu(1.69)>Mn(1.53)>Pb(1.31)>Cr(1.02) and Cd (6.06)~ Fe(6.06)>Zn(2.65)>Ni(2.57)>Mn(2.19)>Cu(1.58)>Pb(1.37)>Cr(1.01) respectively. In contaminated site, translocation factor (TF) of metals from root to shoot was found to be in the order of Mn (1.38)>Fe(1.27)>Pb(1.03)>Ni(0.94)>Zn(0.85)>Cd(0.82)>Cr(0.73) and that of the metals Cd with Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe; Cr with Pb, Mn, Fe and Pb with Fe were found to be significantly correlated. The present findings provide us a clue for the selection of plant species, which show natural resistance against toxic metals and are efficient metal accumulators.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None