ID: 53376
Title: Frequency and abundance of marine fungi of South India
Author: Gayatri R. Nambiar and K. Raveendran
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Marine fungi, Diversity, Arenicolous, Manglicolous, South India
Abstract: During the course of marine mycological study of South Indian coastal water bodies 82 marine fungi, including 54 Ascomycetes, 2 Basidiomycetes and 26 Mitosporic fungi were encountered. Coastal water bodies of Kerala supported maximum marine fungal diversity (61) than Tamil Nadu (49). Thirty one species were encountered exclusively from Kerala. Twenty two species were exclusively isolated from the coastal water bodies of Tamil Nadu. Twenty seven species were common in both states. 26 Arenicolous fungi and 25 Manglicolous fungi were obtained from south India. Corollospora indica and Corollospora gracilis are new record for Tamil Nadu.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53375
Title: Isolation and characterization of aerobic bacteria for degradation of Melanoidins in distillery waste
Author: Anita Rani and Baljeet Singh Saharan
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Melanoidins, degradation, distillery waste, aerobic cultures, recalcitrant, alcaligens
Abstract: Main recalcitrant compound present in distillery effluent is melanoidin which is responsible for the dark colour of effluent. This dark brown colour causes toxicity to the microbial flora of the effluent. Total 60 bacterial isolates were obtained from soil contaminated with distillery effluent. About 15 isolates were selected for secondary screening, out of which four were chosen for biodegradation activity. Alcaligens SAG3 showed 60.3% decolourisation at 1.0% (w/v) melanoidin concentration whereas SAG3 showed 58.8% decolourisation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53374
Title: Beneficial bacteria form soil of a tropical mangroves
Author: M. Masilamani Selvam and K. kathiresan
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mangroves, Rhizosphere soil, Azotobacters, Phosphate-solubilizers
Abstract: A study was made on the rhizosphere-residing bacterial strains of azotobacters and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from the soil around the roots of two mangrove zones (Rhizophora and Avicennia). Besides microbes, the levels of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium and total organic carbon were also analyzed in the rhizosphere soil samples at a monthly interval for one year. The counts of azotobacters were higher in the rhizosphere of Avicennia than Rhizophora. A reverse of this trend was found with the counts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Besides nitrogen-fixing azotobacters, the levels of N and P were significantly higher in the Avicennia zone than in the Rhizophora zone, but not the levels of K and total organic carbon.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53373
Title: Biochemical identification of microorganisms in decomposed Eugenia jambolana by Lampito mauritii
Author: R. Ramya, M. Mathan Kumar, M. Lakshmi Prabha and I. Reya Issac
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Compost, Lampito mauritii, Bacteria, Biochemical tests
Abstract: Vermicomposting is a unique technique of converting biowastes into valuable plant growth media (vermifertilizer). While the initial primary decomposition is mainly managed by the microorganisms, the secondary decomposition is managed by the selected species of earthworms (Alexander, 1999). The active component involved in the biodegradation and conversion processes during vermicomposting is the resident microbial community, among which bacteria play a very important role. The earthworm species Lampito mauritii was employed for the degradation of Eugenia jambolana. When the worm ingests harmful bacteria, harmful fungi and nematodes, these parasites are destroyed through its digestive process, thus creates soil less harmful to plants and animals. The present investigation was aimed to isolate the bacteria from the compost sample using nutrient agar medium and was identified based on the various biochemical results. Our current research revealed that change in colour of the media proved the presence of Salmonella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53372
Title: Effect of explant injury on regeneration and transformation efficiency in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Author: Prakash Girhepuje, Gangadhar Shinde and Girish Nikhade
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cotyledonary leaf, histochemical gus assay, PCR analysis, transformation, transient expression
Abstract: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Pusa Ruby was infected with Agrobacterium strain LBA 4404 harboring gus and neomycin phospho transferase gene (npt II). Cotyledonary leaf explants cut in four different fashion viz., type A-whole cotyledonary leaf with complete petiole, Type B-cotyledonary leaf without petiole, Type C-cotyledonary leaf retaining two millimeter petiole with longitudinal cut through midrib, type D-cotyledonary leaf cut from all four sides were tested for regeneration and trasnformation. After three days of co-cultivation, all the explants were tested for optimal transient GUS expression using histochemical GUS assay. Comparative studies of all the four explants were carried out for regeneration, stable gene integration and Mendelian inheritance. Among the four, type D explant showed higher transient GUS expression and regeneration. Molecular confirmation of the integration of GUS gene into the plant genome was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using gus specific primers. The data indicated that transformation frequency was higher in type D explants. The method of preparation of explants for the culture could be helpful to develop transgenic tomato cultivars with the genes of interest.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53371
Title: Isolation, purification and characterization of protease enzyme from Bacillus sp., possible use in biodiesel production
Author: A. Anitha and M. Rabeeth
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Alkaline protease, Bacillus sp., Isolation, Purification, Characterization and oil degumming
Abstract: The identified genus Bacillus sp (C 1) producing maximum protease enzyme was isolated from the slaughterhouse soil collected from Othakkalmandapam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Mass culture was done in suitable growth media to extract the enzyme was pourified by 3 -step procedure involving ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was found to be 1000 IU/mL. The protein of 0.4 mg/mL and the purification fold of 3.91 were obtained and it produced a single band on SDS-PAGE with molecular weight of 68 KDa. The maximum activity of the purified protease enzyme was found at the optimum pH of 11 and the optimum temperature of 600 C with Vmax of 700 mg and the Km of 130 mg/ml. Thermostability of the protease enzyme indicated that it is suitable for industrial purposes. A new alkaline protease having application in biodiesel production. Degumming is the first step in biodiesel production. It was carried out using phosphoric acid and the isolated protease enzyme. The physical properties showed the removal of phosphoric acid and the isolated protease enzyme. The physical properties showed the removal of phosphatides in crude oil by the treatment of enzyme is more compared with acid degummed oil. So the enzymatic degumming is considered as more sophisticated one in terms of specificity, minimal waste production, etc., than other degumming process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53370
Title: Biodegradation of phenolic compounds by Halobacterium cutirubrum
Author: S. Suryanarayana Raju, Bezawada Mani Kumar and M. Lakshmi Narasu
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biodegradation, Phenolic compounds, Halobacterium cutirubrum
Abstract: The sustainable development in teh industrial sector leading to the drastic changes in the environmental aspects and is of prime necessity to mitigate the adverse effects. The aromatic compounds with hydroxyl groups have widespread contribution in plant kingdom owing to their color, flavors and their excellent resistance to diseases and pests in plants. Presence of higher amounts of polyphenols increases the resistance of plants to bird attack. However, phenolic compounds are found hazardous and they enter the environment through various channels of waste water discharges. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of phenolic impurities are less economical than that of biological methods. Biodegradation techniques have been found potential to mineralize phenolic compounds to maximum extent and with out possibility of secondary pollution. The prime object of this paper is to study the efficacy of free cells of a microorganism, halobacterium cutirubrum for the biodegradation of certain phenolic compounds; phenol, resorcinol, orcinol and p-cresol (commonly called X here after) from aqueous solutions. The experimental data highlight that the degradation of phenolic compounds is structural dependant and proceeds via a fast generated intermediate. The influence of various factors viz., ph and initial concentration of biomass were verified to optimize the process. A suitable mechanism is proposed for the degradation of the compounds.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53369
Title: Effects of exercise on HIV/AIDS patients
Author: V. Muthumani and S. Ahmed John
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Exercise therapy, ARV, CD4+, HIV and AIDS
Abstract: In Tamil Nadu the prevalence of AIDS is in dominant in 26-35 age groups. Physical exercise therapy and antiretroviral therapy with physical exercise were tried to selected patients. Volunteers CD4+ number increased drastically when compared to control, due to the treatment of Exercise with ARV. Physical exercise with antiretroviral therapy treatment showed great result then the antiretroviral therapy in patients.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53368
Title: biomonitoring of trace metals in air at different locations of Lucknow, India
Author: Rohit Kumar and S.N. Pandey
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Lichen, Trace metals, Biomonitoring , Vehicular activities
Abstract: Lichen (Pyxine cocoes) plants were transplanted at four sites of Lucknow city of high vehicular activities. One set of lichen was also transplanted in the area with negligible vehicular activities. Lichen accumulated elevated level of trace metals observed after transplantation at all pouulted sites in their tissues. Maximum tissue concentration of Fe (554 ?g g-1 dry weight) was observed at 15 days after transplantation. The tissue accumulation of trace metals was found in the order Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cr in lichen transplanted at different areas with high vehicles load in Lucknow. Least tissue concentration of trace metals was found in lichens transplanted in relatively uncontaminated area. Study indicated elevated trace metal contents in ambient air possibly due to the high vehicular pollution in the Lucknow city, needs careful measures to control high vehicular activities.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53367
Title: Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic property of Smilax china in alloxan induced diabetic rats
Author: U. Saraswathi and N.R.Nithya
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Smilax china, Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, medicinal plants, hyperlipidaemia
Abstract: The present study was performed to analyse the effect of hydroethanolic extract of Smilax china for antihypergl; cemic and antihyperlipidemic property in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan was administered as a single dose (150 mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes in male Wistar rats and the plant extract was administered for 4 weeks at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. At the end of 30 days, concentration of blood glucose, serum insulin, serum urea, serum creatinine, serum marker enzymes, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and liver glycogen were estimated. Alloxan treatment significantly (P<0.05) elevated that levels of blood glucose, serum urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT and LDH. In constrast, serum insulin, amylase and liver glycogen were significantly reduced in diabetic control. Oral administration of Smilax china extract for 30 days reverted the biochemical parameters to near normal. This investigation suggests the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic property of Smilax china and could be useful for the treatment of database.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53366
Title: Antibacterial activity of some novel 3,4 - hetero annelated quinolin-2-ones
Author: A. Jayashree Gopal Reddy and M. Darbarwar
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Oxothienoquinolines, Quinobenzoxazepinones, Quinobenzothiazepinones, Quino-benzothiazinones
Abstract: A series of novel oxothienoquinolines, triazolothiadiazepinoquinolinones, quinobezoxazepinones, quinobenzothiazepinones, and quinobenzothiazinones are synthesized from 3,4 -disubstituted quinolin-2-ones and screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Among these, 1-ethyl-4-chloro-3-cyanoquinolin-2-one, 1-methyl-4-chloro-3-cyanoquinolin-2-one, 3-amino-4, 5-dihydro-5-ethyl-4-oxothienol [3,2-c] quinolin - 2- carboxylicacid, 5-ethylquino [4, 3 b] [1,5] benzoxazepin-6 (5H) one exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53365
Title: Microbial transformation in natural farming soil a component of sustainable agriculture
Author: B.S.Anupama, N. Nandini and S.K.Sarangi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Soil microorganisms, Pesticide, Fertility, Natural farming, Chemical farming
Abstract: Soil Microbes carry out a wide range of processes that are vital for soil health and fertility in both Chemical farming (CF) and Natural farming (NF). The increased consumption pattern of pesticides and chemical fertilizers has led to changes in soil Microbial population. The present study was carried out to characterize both CF and NF soil with respect to its biological property. A significant high microbial population was found in NF having heterotrophic bacterial population in the range of 45 x 101 to 40 x 103 CFU/g of soil and fungal population in the range of 3 x 102 to 10 x 104 spores/g as compared to CF thereby increasing the soil fertility.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53364
Title: Evaluation of bacterial strains for biosurfactant production from agro-industrial wastes
Author: Reeba Panesar, P.S Panesar, N. Kumar and M.B.Bera
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biosurfactants, Molasses, Whey, Bacterial strains, Emulsification activity
Abstract: Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds, which have the advantages over synthetic counterparts such as lower toxicity, biodegradability, selectivity, specific activity at extreme temperatures, pH, salinity, and the possibility of their production through fermentation. These have wide range of potential applications in areas of environmental protection and management, crude oil recovery, as antimicrobial agents in health care and food processing industries. The advantages of biosurfactants over their synthetic derivatives and wide range of applications have attracted the strong interest of scientific community. In the present investigation, the food industry waste namely molasses and whey have been tested for their suitability for biosurfactant production. Five bacterial strains have been evaluated for their ability to use these raw materials and compared their performance on the conventional media. Among the bacterial strains tested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2297 displayed the maximum emulsification activity (65%) on molasses medium after 120 hrs of incubation period.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53363
Title: Antibacterial activity of Chitosan against shrimp pathogens
Author: N. Sivakumar and V. Kumaresan
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aeromonas sp, Antibacterial activity, Chitosan, Vibrio sp
Abstract: Investigation was made on the efficacy of the chitosan on shrimp pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. mediterranei, V. nereis, V. proteolyticus, V.alginolyticus and Aeromonas sp. Different concentration of chitosan of 0.1 mL (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.0 %) was plated on bacteria inoculated plates by spread plate method. V. cholerae was sensitive at 0.5% followed by V. mediterranei, V. proteolyticus, V. nereis, V. parahaemolyticus, V . alginolyticus and Aeromonas sp. 1.0% of chitosan was the higher concentration for higher bacterial inhibition.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53362
Title: Influence of heavy metals on the reproductive performance of the estuarine copepod, Apocyclops royi (Lindberg, 1940)
Author: P. Muthupriya and K. Altaff
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Apocyclops, Copepods, Heavy metals, Reproduction
Abstract: The cyclopoid copepod, Apocyclops royi occur commonly in the Adyar estuary of chennai coast. This estuary is increasingly contaminated with heavy metals through industrial effluents. Laboratory experiments were conducted by exposing A. royi to different concentration of heavy metals such as Zn, Cd and Pb. The influence of these metals on the survival and reproductive performance were evaluated. Pb showed less influence on the survival of A. royi than Zn and Cd. These heavy metals exerted different toxicity influence on reproduction and hatching of this species. Exposure of this species to sublethal concentration of Pb inhibited egg production more severely than the Zn & Cd.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None