ID: 53647
Title: Comparison of physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton species diversity of two perennial ponds in Sattur area, Tamil Nadu
Author: T. Rajagopal, A. Thangamani and G. Archunan
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Phytoplankton, Physico-chemical parameters, Ponds, Diversity, Shannon ' s index
Abstract: Investigations were carried out on the diversity of phytoplankton in relation to physico-chemical parameters with respect to pollution status of two perennial ponds of Sattur area. Tamil Nadu, Fifty species were identified belonging to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. High value of physico-chemical parameters and low phytoplankton diversity were recorded in the Chinnapperkovil pond, whereas low value of physico-chemical parameters and high phytoplankton diversity were recorded in the Nallanchettipatti pond. Chlorophyceae qualitatively and quantitatively dominated in both the habitats when compared to other taxa. Present study revealed that phytoplankton species richness (R1 and R2) was comparatively higher (R1: 5.43 + 0.53; R2: 3.00 + 0.27) in Nallancheettipatti pond. The species diversity was high (H ' : 3.08 + 0.37; N1: 14.05 + 0.63; N2: 12.55 + 0.94) in Nallanchettipatti pond compared to Chinnapperkovil pond (H ' : 2.25 + 0.15; N1: 12.59 + 0.80; N2: 8.54 + 0.61). Anabaena aequalis, Nitzschia bilobata, Navicula membranacea, Scenedesmus annatus, Pediastrum leonensis, Frustulia rhomboides, Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria angusta, Closterium acerosum species dominated in Chinnapperkovil pond and Spirogyra maxima, Zygnema caeruteum and Fragilaria oceanica dominated in Nallanchettipatti pond. Abundance of such specific taxa (e.g. Closterium acerosum, C.dianae, C. lineatum, Anabaena aequalis, Oscillatoria angusta and Navicula membranacea) in the Chinnapperkovil and Nallanchettipatti (e.g.Merismopedia glauca and Fragilaria oceanica) ponds suggests that these taxa can be considered as pollution indicators. Phytoplankton species diversity and physico-chemical paramter profiles indicate the Chinnapperkovil pond to be meso-eutrophic whereas the Nallanchettipatti pond is oligo-eutrophic.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53646
Title: Survey of mosquito species in Nagaland, a hilly state of north east region of India
Author: P. Dutta, S.A.Khan, A.M.Khan, C.K.Sharma and J. Mahanta
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Mosquito vector, Nagaland, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue, Malaria
Abstract: In an entomological study conducted during monsoon and post-monsoon season in the hilly state of Nagaland, a total number of 58 mosquito species under 11 genera were recorded. Out of these, 21 species viz, Aedes aegypti, Ae. nigrostriatus, Ae. annandalei, Ae. vittatus, Ae, caecus, Ae. vexans, Armigeres kuchingensis, Culex fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. murrelli, Cx. brevipalpis, Cx. epidesmus, Cx. minor, Cx. whitmorei, Coquilittidae crassipes, Malaya jacobsoni, Ml. genurostris, Toxorhynchites splendens, Uranotaenia campestris, Mansonia dives and Ma. annulifera were recorded for the first time from this state. Eleven mosquito species recorded earlier were not detected in the present study. Thus, with the addition these 11 species, the total mosquito fauna of the state goes up to 69. All the recognized vectors of malaria in the northeast and the vectors of Japanese encephalitis and dengue are recorded in the present study.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53645
Title: Genotypic variation in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. cultivars in growth, nitrate assimilation, antioxidant responses and phytoremediation potential during cadmium stress
Author: Asha Sharma, Manish Sainger, Sanjay Dwivedi, Sudhakar Srivastava, R.D.Tripathi and Rana P. Singh
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Brassica juncea, Cadmium, Growth, Phytoremediation
Abstract: Four cultivars of Brassica juncea i.e. TM-4, TM-2, Rh-30 and T-59 were screened for seed germination and seedling growth up to 15 days in the presence of 0.5-1.5 m M cadmium (Cd). The exposure to Cd reduced seed germination and seedling growth (root and shoot length and dry weight) in all four cultivars; the effect being more severe in TM-2 and RH-30 than in TM-4 and T-59 and at 3 d than at 7 d and 15 d. The cultivars TM-4 and T-59, with higher tolerance to Cd toxicity, were selected for further analysis including the estimation of nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidase (POD) activities, total organic nitrogen (TON), total soluble proteins, proline levels and Cd accumulation. The NR activity and total soluble proteins decreased upon Cd exposure in a concentration dependent manner, whereas TON increased significantly in 3 d seedlings upon Cd exposure. The activity of POD and proline level increased significantly as compared to the respective controls. The level of Cd accumulation was higher in T-59 than in Tm -4. Therefore, T-59 was found to be the most tolerant cultivar to Cd than other three cultivars possibly due to a better capacity to transport Cd in their vacuolar sink. The variety T-59, thus, appears to be suitable for Cd phytoremediation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53644
Title: Spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton in coral reef and seagrass ecosystems of the Palk Bay, southeast coast of India
Author: R. Sridhar, T. Thangaradjou and L. Kannan
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Phytoplankton, Palk Bay, Coral reef, Seagrass, Ecosystem
Abstract: Spatial and temporal behaviour of distribution of phytoplankton of the coral reef and seagrass environment of the Palk Bay was studied during April 2002 to March 2003. A tota of 133 species of phytoplankton was recorded during the study period, of which, 98 species belong to Bacillariophyceae, 15 species belong to Dinophyceae, 12 species belong to Cyanophyceae and 8 species belong to Chlorophyceae. Diatoms (57.14 to 94.10%) contributed more towards the percentage composition of different groups of phytoplankton at the two stations, followed by dinoflagellates (3.12 to 28.57%), blue-greens (2.43 to 12.5%) and greens (3.7 to 7.69%). Higher phytoplankton population density was recorded during the summer season at both stations (St. .1. 62,000 cells l-1 and St. 2. 55,000 cells l-1). Coral reef environment was two-fold more productive (2.10-130.21 mg C m-3 hr-1) than the seagrass environment (3.30-85.56 mg C m-3 hr-1) . Chlorophyll ' a ' concentration showed higher values at station 1, corresponding to the higher phytoplankton population density recorded at this station along with primary productivity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53643
Title: Changes in protein subunits induced by endosulfan and fenvalerate in fresh water fish Labeo rohita through SDS- PAGE
Author: K. Suneetha, K.G.Kumar and K. Veeraiah
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: SDS-PAGE, Electrophoretogram, Rm values
Abstract: Fresh water fish Labeo rohita was exposed to two pesticides i.e., endosulfan an organichlorine and fenvalerate a synthetic pyrethroid. The 1/10th of 24 hr LC50 of endosulfan (0.0687 ? g l-1) and fenvalerate (0.0474 ? g l-1) were selected as sub lethal concentrations. The fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations for one week and the changes in the tissue proteins of vital organs such as brain, liver, gill and muscle were studied under SDS-PAGE. The protein subunits were identified by running marker proteins parallel and Rm values were calculated accordingly. The changes in the protein banding pattern are more pronounced in the fenvalerate exposure than endosulfan.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53642
Title: Studies on effects of chronic exposure of endosulfan to Labeo rohita
Author: T.S.Saravanan, P. Rajesh and M. Sundaramoorthy
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Labeo rohita, Endosulfan, Blood, Liver, Gill, Enzymes and Hormones
Abstract: The major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) upon chronic exposure to endosulfan showed hyperglycemia (60.11 to 117.71 mg 100 ml-1) and hypercholestemia (51.78 to 76.87 mg 100 ml-1) of blood when compared to the control. As a result of the insecticidal stress, the tissue metabolites and enzymes like AST and ALT revealed significant alterations. The hormones T3 (0.53 to 1.35 ?ml l-1) and TSH (0.48 to 0.32 ? ml l-1) were also affected by the endosulfan even in sub lethal concentration. Significant histopathological alterations were observed in liver and gill of treated fishes. The reason for the significant alterations in tissue sugars, aminoacids, cholesterol, protein, enzymes and hormones and the histopathological changes is discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53641
Title: Assessment of genetic diversity of Clarias batrachus using RAPD markers in three water bodies of Bhopal
Author: R.K.Garg, P. Sairkar, N. Silawat N. Batav and N.N.Mehrotra
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Catfish, Genetic diversity, Similarity coefficient, RAPD, Polymorphism
Abstract: To assess the extent of genetic diversity within and between three population of the catfish, Clarias batrachus, an analysis for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variations were carried out. Five out of ten random primers produced constant and reproducible pattern of RAPD products. These five primers produced 72 scorable DNA fragments out of which 68 (86.66%) were polymorphic. Populations showed significant differences in their degree of polymorphism. Differences however, were observed in the primers in producing similarities in the populations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53640
Title: Remote sensing and GIS based forest cover change detection study in Kalrayan hills, Tamil Nadu
Author: R. Sakthivel, M. Manivel, N. Jawahar Raj, V. Pugalanthi, N. Ravichandran and Vijay D. Anand
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Forest cover, Kalrayan hills, Remote sensing, Change detection, GIS
Abstract: The present study focusses on the role of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) in assessment of changes in forest cover, between 1931 and 2001, in teh Kalrayan hills, Tamil Nadu. The trend of forest cover changes over the time span of 70 years, was precisely analysed using high resolution Satellite data. The study revealed that the forest cover was 275.6, 481.7 and 266.5 sq. km in 1931, 1971 and 2001 respectively. It was noticed that forest cover has increased between 1931 and 1971, because of the implementation of various afforestation schemes by the forest department and scared grooves. It also revealed that the forest cover loss between 1971 and 2001 could be due to Shifting cultivation and illegal encroachment of villagers; and the forest cover drastically decreased on plateau areas due to human population pressure. The study analyses the forest cover change in the tropical deciduous forest region of the Eastern Ghats of India. It is envisaged that the study would prove the usefulness of Remote Sensing and GIS in forest restoration planning.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53639
Title: Effects of municipal waste water irrigation on availability of heavy metals and morpho-physiological characteristics of Beta vulgaris L
Author: Anita Singh and Madhoolika Agrawal
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 5 (Supplement), September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Wastewater, Heavy metal uptake, Beta vulgaris, Antioxidant, Growth, Photosynthesis
Abstract: In the present study physiological, biochemical and growth characteristics of a leafy vegetable palak (Beta vulgaris L. var All green H) grown in suburban areas irrigated by wastewater were compared with those irrigated by ground water. Continuous use of wastewater for irrigation led to the enrichment of micronutrients including heavy metals in the soil. Wastewater irrigation favorably affected the physiological, biochemical and growth characteristics of plants, but biomass and yield did not differ significantly between the sites. Uptake and translocation ratio of heavy metals were higher in plants grown at wastewater irrigated site. Mn showed maximum uptake followed by Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd. Plants produced more secondly metabolites and antioxidants to tolerate against the negative impact of heavy metals at wastewater irrigated sites. Plants produced more metabolites to compensate the toxicity of metals in the area and thus did not enhance the yield and biomass potential. The study suggests that plants growing in wastewater irrigated area have potentially developed the defense strategy to combat against heavy metal toxicity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53638
Title: Growth, yield and photosynthesis of Panicum maximum and Stylosanthes hamata under elevated CO2
Author: R. K. Bhatt, M.J.Baig, H.S.Tiwari and Sharmila Roy
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Biomass, Carbon sequestration, Chlorophyll, Panicum maximum, Photosynthesis, Stylosanthes hamata
Abstract: Plant height, biomass production, assimilatory functions and chlorophyll accumulation of Panicum maximum and Stylosanthes hamata in intercropping systems was influenced signficantly under elevated CO2 (600+50 ppm) in open top chambers (OTCs). The plant height increased by 32.0 and 49.0% over the control in P. maximum and S. hamata respectively in intercropping system under elevated CO2 over open field grown crops (Ca) P. maximum and S. hamata produced 67 and 85% higher fresh and dry biomass respectively under elevated CO2. Rates of photosynthesis nad stomatal conductance increased in both the crop species in intercropping systems under elevated CO2. The canopy photosynthesis (photosynthesis x leaf area index) of these crop species increased significantly under elevated CO2 over the open grown crops. The chlorophyll a and b accumulation were also higher in the leaves of both the crop species as grown in OTC with elevated CO2. The increased chlorophyll content, leaf area index and canopy photosynthesis led to higher growth and biomass production in these crop species under elevated CO2. The total carbon sequestration in crop biomass and soils during the three years was 21.53 Mg C/ha under elevated CO2. The data revealed that P. maximum and S.hamata intercropping system is the potential as a sink for the increasing level of CO2 in the atmosphere in the semi-arid tropics.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53637
Title: Macroinvertebrate diversity of Veli ad kadinamkulam lakes, South Kerala, India
Author: C. Latha and V. Salom Gnana Thanga
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Benthic macroinvertebrates, Diversity, Species richness
Abstract: The diversity and distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in two backwaer viz., Veli and Kadinamkulam of Kerala were assessed using diversity indices. The samples were collected once in three months for a period of two years from six sampling sites (K1, K2, K3, V1, V2 and V3) and community variations were analyzed. Overall, 24 families were identified represented by mollusca, annelida and arthropoda (crustaceans and insects). Among this , dominant taxon was Mytilidae of molluscan family and site-wise dominance was maximum in sites V1 and V2. Richness and abundance were highest in site V2 and lowest in site K2. Diversity index ranged from 0.27 (K2) to 2.33 (V1). The diversity and distribution patterns of certain species were clearly related to water quality as evident from the present study.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53636
Title: Infection and immunization trials of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) against fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum
Author: S. Kumaran, B. Deivasigamani, K. M. Alagappan and M. Sakthivel
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Seabass, Vibrio, Antigen, Immunization, Fish
Abstract: Vibriosis is one of the most prevalent fish diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio sp. Fish disease will be controlled by proper vaccination trials and maintenance of fish form. Pathogenicity for Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) against V. anguillarum results in necrosis and haemorrhagic areas near the base of fins, exopthalmia and ulcers on the skin surface. Around 50, 100, 200 ?l of formalin killed bacterial cells were injected (Intraperitoneal) to three different size (5-10, 20-30 35-50g) of seabass fishes respectively and control sere as saline were maintained separately. The Relative Percentage Survival (RPS) for vaccinated fishes was 60, 75 adn 62.5 respectively and the vaccinations for 20-30g fishes stay alive. These results stated that the vaccination for fishes with 20-30 g size may fabricate good immune response.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53635
Title: Seasonal variation and diversity of rotifers in Ehoma lake, Nigeria
Author: Okechukwu Idumah Okogwu, Christopher D. Nwani and Florence A. Okoh
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Rotifer, Season, Species richness, Abundance, Flood, Cross river
Abstract: The zooplankton and physicochemistry of Ehoma lake were studied from March 2005 to August 2006 in order to evaluate seasonal trend in species composition and abundance in relation to water quality. Forty two (42) species of rotifers dominated by Keratella tropica tropica were encountered. Species richness declined by nearly 50% from dry season values during the rainy season. Species richness was higher in the littoral zone during the dry season, the reverse was the case during the rainy season. Species abundance followed similar trend as species richness. Abundance was closely associated with dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and width of the lake and these in turn varied significantly between seasons. Shannon-Weaver diversity varied from 2.2 to 3.8 bit ind-1. and significantly between seasons (p<0.05). Anuraeopsis navicula navicula and Euchlanis dilatata dilatata Ehrenbreg were the only species gained during the flood periods.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53634
Title: Biochemical responses and accumulation of cadmium in Spirodela polyrhiza
Author: N.M.Rolli, S.S.Suvarnakhandi, G.S.Mulgund, R.H.Ratageri and T.C.Taranath
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Cadmium, Accumulation, Toxicity, Biochemical parameters
Abstract: The present study focused on biochemical responses of Spirodela polyrhiza to cadmium stresses and its accumulation. The laboratory experiments were conducted for the assessment of biochemical responses and accumulation of cadmium in plants at its various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm) at the regular interval for twelve days exposure. Spirodela showed visible symptoms like withering of roots and chlorosis at higher concentration (2.0 ppm), however the plant showed normal growth at lower concentration (0.1 ppm). The estimation of biochemical parameters (total chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrate) of test plants showed a significant increase at lower concentration (0.1 ppm) of cadmium. The biochemical changes decrease with increase in exposure concentration and duration. The toxic effect of cadmium is directly proportional to its concentration and duration. The accumulation of cadmium by Spirodela polythiza was maximum at four days exposure duration and gradually decreases.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53633
Title: Removal of melanoidin present in distillery effluent as a major colorant: A Review
Author: Radhika Agarwal, Sneh Lata, Meera Gupta and Pratibha Singh
Editor: Dr. R.C.Dalela
Year: 2010
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 31, No 4, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Colour, Effluent, Melanoidin, Waste management, Degradation
Abstract: Effluent originating from distilleries contain large amount of dark brown coloured wastewater called molasses spent wash (MSW). This MSW is the unwanted residual liquid waste to dispose because of low pH, high temperature, dark brown colour, high ash content, unpleasant odour and high percentage of organic and inorganic matter. Dark brown colour of MSW is due to the presence of melanoidin pigment. It reduces sunlight penetration in rivers and lakes which in turn decrease both photosynthetic activity and dissolved oxygen concentration affecting aquatic life. So the disposal of this effluent is one of the critical environmental issues. A number of treatment processes have been employed for the distillery waste management. This review paper present an overview of the pollution problems caused by melanoidin and the technologies employed globally for its removal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None