ID: 53707
Title: A two-step displacement correction algorithm for registration of Lidar point clouds and aerial images without orientation parameters
Author: Huayi Wu, Yong Li, Lonathan Li, and Jianya Gong
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2010
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 10, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Tilt Displacement Correction, Height Displacement Correction,
Abstract: This paper presents a novel linear regristration algorithm for lidar point clouds and aerial images without orientation parameters. First, preprocessing is conducted to classify the lidar point clouds into ground points, building points, adn aboveground, non-building points. After preprocessing, the algorithm consists of two sequential steps, i.e., Tilt Displacement Correction and Height Displacement Correction. As the kernel of the proposed registration algorithm, the mathematical model for Height Displacement Correction is a set of linear formulas analytically deduced from the rigorous geometric function of a single image. The propsed registration algorithm does not require any orientation parameters for the image, which greatly lowers the requirements for image acquisition. Due to the model ' s linearity, the proposed algorithm is computationally efficient. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can register aerial images without orientation parameters at the same accuracy level of space resection based on collinear equations. This result fulfills the requirement for the fusion of lidar range data and aerial images in most large-scale urban modeling applications.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53706
Title: Point Clouds: Lidar versus 3D vision
Author: F. Leberi, A. Irschara, T. Pock, P. Meixner, M.Gruber, S. Scholz and A. Wiechert
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2010
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 10, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Radiometry
Abstract: Novel automated photogrammetry is based on four innovations. First is the cost-free increase of overlap between images when sensing digitally. Second is an improved radiometry. Third is multi-view matching. Fourth is the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), making complex algorithms for image matching very practical. These innovations lead to improved automation of the photogrammetric workflow so that point clouds are created at sub-pixel accuracy, at very dense intervals, and in near real-time, thereby eroding the unique selling proposition of lidar scanners.
Two test projects compare point clouds from aerial and street-side lidar systems with those created from images. We show that the photogrammetric accuracy compares well with the lidar-method, yet the desity of surface points is much higher from images, and the throughput is commensurate with a fully automated all-digital approach. Beyound this density, we identify 15 additional advantages of the photogrammetric approach.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53705
Title: Characteristics of water quality and hydrophytic community of Govindgarh lake, Rewa (M.P.), India
Author: D.K.Tripathi, A. Tiwari and A. Awasthi
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Lake, fresh water, lentic water, lotic water body
Abstract: The present work provides an ecological study on the hydrophytic community as well as physicochemical study of water body of the Govindgarh Lake, Rewa. Four sample locations were selected in the study area representing various types of water quality namely, Bathing ghats, Gopalbag, Fort area and Devi temple of the Govindgarh lake. Ecologically, Govindgarh lake has many interesting aspects. 15.6 km of northern slope of Kamore range serves as the catchment area for 330 ha large and about 10 m deep lake which stores an enormous amount of water. This paper presents characteristics of water quality and hydrophytic community of Govindgarh lake which is situated in the Rewa district, M.P.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53704
Title: A cheap and rapidly built bottom water sampler for shallow-water environments
Author: Uwe Krumme, Yun Zheng and Tianci Wang
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Bottom water sampler, shallow water, stratification
Abstract: We present a bottom water sampler made of a plastic bottle, a weight, and four pieces of rope which can be operated by one person from any working platform in shallow-water environments. The measurements of our sampler were equal to those taken with a Niskin bottle. The water sampler was operational in tidal currents up to 0.6 ms-1 and may be used in water at least 10 m deep.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53703
Title: Calotropis as bioindicator plant for assessing trace elemental contamination of environment
Author: Madhurima Pandey, Sunita Gupta and Piyush Kant Pandey
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Calotropis, enrichment factor
Abstract: This paper is an attempt to study the efficacy of Calotropis, a perennial wild plant, to act as a bioindicator of trace elemental pollution at Central East Indian locations. In the study the Calotropis has been found to be an efficient indicator of trace element. Corresponding physical change was observed in the wild plant due to the accumulation of trace element. High values of trace element correspond to stunted growth of the plant with small sized leaves and flowers. Concentration of trace element obtained indicated the degree of disturbance when assessed against background values obtained from unpolluted vegetation. Results show that the plant can be used as an effective bioindicator of metal pollution. Its sensitivity towards the metal in environment follows the order to Fe>Ni>Pb>Mg>Zn>Mn>Ca>Cu. Enrichment calculations show high enrichment of Pb and Cu.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53702
Title: Assessment of ecotoxicological fate of lead pollution in environment through investigating bio-concentration in agro-based products in Bangladesh
Author: A.M.M. Maruf Hossain, M. Shahidul Islam, Md. Moklesur Rahman, Md. Mustafa Mamun, M. Azizul Islam Kazi and Syed Fazle ELahi
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Lead pollution, lead bioconcentration, chemical food safety, public health
Abstract: Leaded gasoline has long been used as fuel for motor vehicles through the problem of lead pollution in Dhaka was identified only in 1980. Use of leaded gasoline has declined by most part through phasing out of leaded gasoline does not mean phase out of lead from the environment. Hence, fate of lead in polluted environment from various sources should get high priority in R & D programmes. The worst fate of lead in environment can be its entrance into food chain. To investigate bio-concentration of lead in agro-based products as an approach of assessing its ecotoxicological fate, commercially produced chicken eggs and liquid milks were selected as layer poultry feed and liquid milk production are directly dependent on feed crop production. Twelve eggs were sampled randomly each from Dhaka and its nearby seven districts covering the central region of Bangladesh. Thirteen kinds of liquid milks commercially produced by six prominent milk producers have been sampled with three replicates in each. Out of the 192 samples from 96 eggs, dry weight basis mean lead concentration was found to be 8.1611 ppm with a sample standard deviation of 0.5253, which is about 80 times higher than the maximum permissible limit, while the maximum detected value was found to be 34.5637 ppm. The mean concentration of lead in milks was found to be 1.5081 ppm with a sample standard deviation of 0.2177, which is some 75 times higher than maximum permissible limit in liquid milk. By consumig a single egg and 250 mL of commercially produced liquid milk in a day, a person is exposed to daily dietary exposure of some 99.9722 ?g and 377.025?g of lead , respectively excluding the other foods consumed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53701
Title: Ambient CO levels during winter and summer agricultural burning seasons of Northern India
Author: Shivraj Sahai, C. Sharma, S.K.Singh and Prabhat K. Gupta
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Crop residue, biomass burning, carbon monoxide pollution, agricultural fire
Abstract: Field burning of crop residues (FBCR) has significant environmental costs in terms of concerning emissions and natural resource loss. Such burning is increasingly common in the developing world regions like India, and the ambient levels of carbon monoxide (CO), a criteria-pollutant, during such burning seasons has not been studied as yet by any research or pollution monitoring agencies in the region. In this instance, in -situ field studies were conducted in the northern Indo-Gangetic plains to study the ambient CO levels during the rice and wheat crop (the major crop residues subject to FBCR in the region) residue burning seasons. The ambient CO levels were observed to be 1.90 + 0.69 ppmv and 1.35 + 0.53 ppmv during the rice residue burning season at Pantnagar and Ludhiana respectively. During the wheat residue burning seasons, it was observed to be 0.41+ 0.23 ppmv at Pantnagar and 0.69 + 0.22 ppmv at Patiala and Ludhiana (combined). The ambient CO levels remained near the National Ambient Air Quality Standard during the study period and also crossed it several times. It was further observed that the levels were higher in case of rice residue burning season as compared to that of wheat. The long residue time of CO and the increasing FBCR practice may aggravate the problem in future.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53700
Title: Prevalence and persistence of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in Cambodian market vegetables
Author: D.S.G.Neufeld, H. Savoeun, C. Phoeurk, A. Glick and C. Hernandez
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Pesticides, organophosphates, carbamates, market vegetables, methylparathion, Cambodia
Abstract: The prevalence of pesticide residue contamination in market vegetables, and the rate of pesticide disappearance from field vegetables, were assessed as indicators of the health risk to vegetable consumers in Cambodia. A total of 245 leafy vegetable and long bean samples from multiple markets in Phnom Penh were screened using Cholinesterase-inhibition assays, and indicated that between 15% (long bean) and 95% (white-stemmed kate) of market vegetables contain detectable levels of organophosphate/carbamate (OP/C) pesticides. OP/C levels varied significantly between vegetable types, and between individual vegetable sellers in the markets. Methylparathion,which is banned and highly toxic, but widely used in Cambodia, was not detected in 30 subsamples analyzed with HPLC. In test plots, methylparathion rapidly disappeared after spraying, reaching levels below maximum residue limits within 10 days. Field trails with water spinach indicated dithiocarbamates also have a short half-life (approximately three days), but that overall OP/C levels on crops depend on the specific pesticides used, and on the specific field conditions, These results point towards the need for a regular monitoring programme in Cambodia to assess the extent of pesticide contamination on vegetables, and to give guidance on strategies for limiting pesticide exposure to vegetable consumers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53699
Title: Predictability of severe thunderstorms with fractal dimension approach
Author: Sutapa Chaudhuri
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: CAPE, CIN, severe thunderstorm, genesis, fractal dimension, LFC
Abstract: Thunderstorm is meso-scale weather with space scale varying from a few kilometers to a couple of 100 kilometers and time scale varying from less than an hour to several hours. Severe thunderstorms, however, produce strong surface wind squalls, lightning, heavy rain showers, occasional hail, down-bursts and tornadoes leading to loss of life and property on the ground and aviation hazard aloft. Prediction of severe thunderstorm is a challenging task for the atmospheric scientists around the globe. The rationale of the present energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition energy (CIN) in the genesis of severe thunderstorms during the pre-monsoon season (April-May) over Kolkata (22032 ' N, 88020 ' E). The concept of fractal dimension is applied in this study to observe the degree of self-similarity between CAPE adn CIN for the prevalence of severe thunderstorms during the pre-monsoon season. Fractal dimension of CAPE and CIN is measured with the help of the level of free convection (LFC). The fractal dimension is considered in this tudy as the measure of randomness. The result reveals that CIN has more self-similarity than CAPE for the genesis of severe thunderstorms over Kolkata.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53698
Title: Applying industrial ecology tools to increase understanding of demand-side Water Management in Bangalore, India
Author: Matthew J. Eckelmanm, Megha Shenoy, Ramesh Ramaswamy and Marian R. Chertow
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Water balance, material and energy flow mapping, end use survey, water leakage
Abstract: Water balancing is a useful and increasingly popular tool for assessing stresses and opportunities in urban water systems. A streamlined water balance was constructed for the city of Bangalore, south India, using material flow analysis (MFA) drawn from industrial ecology. An extensive survey of end-users was employed to characterize residential use of water by socioeconomic groups, using housing as a proxy. This was combined with demand and supply-side data for the commercial, industrial, and institutional sectors to create a water balance for the city that is affordable and replicable for other cities that have incomplete datasets. The relationship between water supply and energy is highlighted for Bangalore which sits at a considerable height (500m) above its main surface water source. The municipal water utility services require approximately 5% of the entire municipal electricity demand for pumping, treating, and distributing water. Bangalore ' s municipal water service aims to reduce unaccounted-for water, which includes water leakage through the system as well as siphoned off water, from its current level of 26% to 15% by 2025. Such loss reductions would have a large impact both for water and energy demand for a highly populated and expanding urban landscape.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53697
Title: Modelling the role of fluctuations in volume on self-purification of Natural water bodies
Author: K.N.Mehta and B.S. Bhadauria
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Natural water bodies, volume fluctuations, pollution level, self-purification, clean-up time
Abstract: We present a simple mathematical model for examining the role of seasonal fluctuations of volume on self-purification of natural water bodies such as a lake ecosystem. The evolution of self-purification process, activated by natural mechanisms of flushing by clean water and degradation of pollutants by aeration, is influenced by a number of parameters depending on lake-specific characteristics. These parameters have been identified in the formulation of the model. The model consists of an initial value problem which has been solved analytically. Numerical results are presented graphically to highlight the effect of these parameters on clean-up time corresponding to all pollution levels. Results for a few simpler situations derived as particular cases from the general solution are also included and discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53696
Title: Physicochemical quality and trace metal levels of Municipal Water for three reservoirs in Osun state, Nigeria
Author: A.O.Ogunfowokan, R.O.Ajibola and M.S.Akanni
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Municipal water, trace metals, reservoirs, physico-chemical, contamination
Abstract: The physicochemical quality of municipal water from three waterworks in Osun State, Nigeria was monitored in terms of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, solids (total, suspended and dissolved), nitrates and phosphates from April, 2003 to March, 2004 in order to assess the adequacy of treatment at the waterworks. The trace metal levels as well as the microbial quality of the municipal water from these waterworks were also monitored for the same length of time to establish their pollution levels.
The temperature values varied between 24.60C and 32.00C. The annual mean pH values for the three municipal water varied between 6.92 and 7.54 and therefore conforms with the WHO guideline of <8.0 in drinking water. The electrical conductivity values obtained ranged from 120.05 ? S/cm to 265.00 ? S/cm.
The mean levels of oxygen-demanding substances, nitrate, phosphate, total solids and dissolved solids were generally low and ranged from 6.23 mg/l to 8.99 mg/l; Not Detected (ND) to 2.59 mg/l; ND to 3.56 mg/l; 77.33 mg/l to 180.00 mg/l adn 58.27 mg/l to 116.67 mg/l respectively. The concentrations of these substances were within safe limits. The coliform population varied from zero to 93 coliforms per 100 ml, the total bacteria count ranged between 0.3 x 104 Cfu/ml and 45.50 x 108 Cfu/ml while Escherichia coli was rarely detected throughout the study. Among the nine trace metals of interest only Hg, As and Cd occured at concentrations above the WHO limits for drinking water and this give cause for concern.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53695
Title: Evaluation of the quality of drinking water in Kerala state, India
Author: B.Karthick, M. Boominathan, Sameer Ali and T.V.Ramachandra
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Tap-water quality, drinking water quality, Kerala, fluoride, Alappuzha, palakkad
Abstract: The quality of tap water from water supplies from 14 districts of Kerala state, India was studied. Parameters like pH, water temperature, total dissolved solids, salinity, nitrates, chloride, hardness, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, fluoride, sulphate, phosphates, and coliform bacteria were enumerated. The results showed that all water samples were contaminated by coliform bacteria. About 20% of the tap water samples from Alappuzha and 15% samples from Palakkad district are above desirable limits prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards. The contamination of the source water (due to lack of community hygiene) and insufficient treatment are the major cause for the coliform contamination in the state. Water samples from Alappuzha and Palakkad have high ionic and fluoride content which could be attributed to the geology of the region. Water supplied for drinking in rural areas are relatively free of any contamination than the water supplied in urban area by municipalities, which may be attributed to higher chances of contamination in urban area due to mismanagement of solid and liquid wastes. The study highlights the need for regular bacteriological enumeration along with water quality in addition to setting up decentralised region-specific improved treatment system.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53694
Title: Diatom species composition and seasonal abundance in a polluted and Non-polluted environmental from coast of Pakistan
Author: Tahira Naz, Zaib-un-nisa Burhan, Sonia Munir and Peerzada Jamal Ahmed Siddiqui
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Diatom, species composition, Seasonal abundance, Coastal waters
Abstract: Diatoms species composition and their seasonal abundance was analyzed at two stations (St. A, 24049.77 ' N 66057.85 ' E and St. B, 24047.93 ' N 66058.87 ' E) of Manora Channel, coastal waters of Karachi, northern Arabian Sea bordering Pakistan. Samples were collected bimonthly from May 2002 to July 2003 and examined using inverted microscope. There was no significant variation observed between species composition at both A and B stations. Distribution pattern and seasonal variations in cell abundance of dominant, abundant, frequent and rare species were observed in which seven dominant species were recorded from station B and six dominant species from station A. Among both centric and pennate diatoms, the genera Chaetocerose affine, Pleurosigma sp 1, Thalassiorsira sp, Navicula directa and Nitzschia longissima, Rhizosolenia setigera, Thalassionema nitzschiodes remain dominated all year although seasonal variations in their cell abundance were observed for these species. Statistical anlaysis showed that most of the dominant species were positively correlated with the salinity and temperature at both stations A and B. It suggests that temperature and salinity are the most significant factros that give shape to teh diatom community and control the community changes. Dominance of pennate species over centric types with high abundance of these pennate showed that they have better tolerance against pollution and other environmental variables.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53693
Title: Removal of organics from the wastewater of Dyebath by electrooxidation
Author: G. Bhaskar Raju, D. Latha Priya, S.S.Latha, S. Parvathy and S. Prabhakar
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 4, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Electrooxidation, COD, Current efficiency, Graphite, RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 coated titanium
Abstract: Residual dye in hydrolyzed form is the major organic constituent present in dyebath effluent resulting in the scarcity of water resources. The objective of this study is to remove organic pollutants by electrooxidation using graphite and RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 coated titanium (MMO) as electrodes. Among the two electrode materials used, graphite was found to be better in terms of COD removal, current efficency and energy consumption. Nearly 85% of COD was removed using graphite whereas only 40% COD removal was achieved using MMO material as electrode. The influence of chloride ion and current density on the degradation of organics was studied. The results indicate that the electrooxidation is an effective technique for the treatment of dyebath effluent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None