ID: 53722
Title: Interaction between Glomus aggregatum, Bacillus coagulans and Trichoderma harzianum and their influence on growth, nutrient and phytochemical constituents of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl
Author: N. Hemashenpagam and T. Selvaraj
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Solanum xanthocarpum, Glomus aggregatum, Bacillus coagulans, Trichoderma harzianum, Growth, Nutrition, Secondary metabolities
Abstract: A pot trial experiment was conducted to assess the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus aggregatum and some PGPR ' s, Bacillus coagulans and Trichoderma harzianum, in soil and their consequent effect on growth, nutrition and phytochemical constituents of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl seedlings. Triple inoculation of G.aggregatum, B. coagulans, T. harzianum resulted in maximum plant biomass P, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn content and phytochemical constituents (total phenols, orthodihydroxy phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins) of S. xanthocarpum seedlings. It also increased the mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers in the root zone soil of hte inoculated plants over uninoculated control plants. The enzyme activity, namely acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogenase and total population of B. coagulans and T. harzianum, in the root zone soil was found high in the three combination treatments and low in the uninoculated control. Triple inoculation with G. aggregatum, B. coagulans, T. harzianum proved to be the best microbial consortium for inoculating S. xanthocarpum at nursery level in order to get healthy and vigorously growing seedlings.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53721
Title: Arenicolous marine fungi of Kerala (India)
Author: Gayatri R. Nambiar and K. Raveendran
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Arenicolous fungi, Wood materials, Percent frequency of occurrence, Kerala
Abstract: The frequency of marine fungi from sand buried wood collected from 5 beaches of Kerala was assessed. Altogether 22 arenicolous fungi were obtained including 15 Ascomycetes, 1 Basidiomycete and 6 Mitosporic fungi. Cirrenalia pygmea and Clavatospora bulbosa were common to all location. In terms of percent frequency of occurrence the most frequent species encountered are Corollospora filiformis (15.03%), Cirrenalia pygmea (13.07%) and Trichocladium achrasporum (11.11%). Ten species were frequently recorded while three species, Dryosphaera tropicalis, Clavatospora bulbosa and Zalerion maritimum were obtained occassionally. Six species were rare in occurrence.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53720
Title: Screening of antagonistic Bacillus species against phytopathogenic phythium and Fusarium species
Author: B.M.Sandikar and R. S. Awasthi
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacillus species, Phytopathogenic fungi, Antifungal activity, Biocontrol
Abstract: Phytopathogenic fungal cultures were isolated from infected tomato plants and identified on the basis of morphological and cultural characters as Pythium and Fusarium species. One hundred thermostable bacterial cultures were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of healthy tomato plants, on nutrient agar and putatively identified as Bacillus species on the basis of morphological characters and sporulation ability. These isolates were tested for primary screening of antagonists against phytopathogenic Fusarium and Pythium species, by dual culture method on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. The isolates showing positive results were tested for their antifungal potency using seed plate and dual broth culture technique. Four potent antifungal Bacillus isolates were identified to species level on the basis of biochemical characters and 16S r-RNA sequencing as B. thuringiensis 184, B. cereus 220, B. cereus 228 and B. subtilis 252. The extent of antifungal activity was higher in dual broth culture than seed plate method. These potent antifungal Bacillus isolates were used to prepare bioformulations and found significant to protect tomato plants from fungal infections.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53719
Title: Biotransformation of ferulic acid into value-added products
Author: Prakash Kumar Sarangi and Hara Prasad Sahoo
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ferulic acid, Biotransformation, Staphylococcus aureus, Vanillin
Abstract: Work has been carried out to study the biotranformation of ferulic acid using Staphylococcus aureus. Vanillin was the main value-added phenolic compound. The phenolic acid was identified and quantitated by TLC/HPLC. Study revealed that about 9.8 mg/l of vanillin was detected as the major degradation product after 6 days of incubation period.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53718
Title: Factors affecting production of cellulose from Gluconacetobacter xylinus
Author: B.S.Hungund and S.G. Gupta
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Gluconacetobacter xylinus, Bacterial cellulose, Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen sources, Media optimization
Abstract: Some Gluconacetobacter strains produce cellulose bacterial cellulose (BC). BC is expected to be a commodity material in various fields of industry. Cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinus NCIM 2526 was affected by the type and concentration of carbon source, nitrogen source, pH and temperature. Among the carbon sources fructose, mannitol and inositol were found to be suitable for optimum levels of cellulose production. BC yield was maximum at 4% (w/v) of inositol (6.0 g/l). The organism was able to utilize a wide range of nitrogen sources such as peptone, casein hydrolyzate, beef extract, and malt extract for cellulose production. Also the effect of pH, temperature and supplementary effect of metal ions and solvents on BC production had been evaluated. pH of 6.5 and 300C temperature were found to be suitable for BC production. Addition of metal ions like zinc, magnesium, calcium, and nickel at a level of 100 ppm and solvents like methanol and ethanol were found to be stimulatory for BC production. Using G. xylinus NCIM 2526 in the modified HS medium, the amount of cellulose produced was almost double (6.6 g/l) as compared to that in standard HS medium.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53717
Title: Developmental stages of AM fungi observed in Coles forskohlii and Ocimum sanctum
Author: V.L. Swapna and K. Ammani
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: AM fungi, Medicinal plants
Abstract: The developmental stages of AM fungi was observed in two medicinal plants namely Coleus forskohlii and Ocimum sanctum. The time interval of observation is for 25, 35, 45, 55 and 65 days in Coleus forskohlii and Ocimum sanctum for 20, 30, 40-50 and 60 days. As the number of days increased the percentage of colonization, percentage of external hyphae, internal hyphae and arbuscules had also increased.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53716
Title: Alkaline delignification and bioethanol production from agro-residues
Author: Raghavendra B. Havannavar and G.S.Geeta
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cellulase enzyme, Paddy straw, Wheat straw, Sugarcane bagasse, Yeast strain, Enzyme hydrolysis, Saccharification
Abstract: Bioethanol is produced by fermentation of sugarcane molasses using strains of Saccharomyces cereviseae. But recent increase in cost of molasses, it has been emphasized to search alternate substrates for ethanol production. The agroresidues such as paddy straw, wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse as an alternate source for ethanol production were tested. In the present study, pretreatment process was developed for hydrolyzing paddy straw, wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse into fermentable sugars. The powdered substrates were pretreated with 2 and 3 percent sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for different incubation periods. The substrate pretreated with 3 percent NaOH for 8 h has given maximum cellulose content in sugarcane bagasse 0.695 g/g followed by wheat substrates were subjected for commerical cellulase enzyme pretreatment for further saccharification. The highest reducing sugar was recorded in sugarcane bagasse (136.86 mg/g), which was found significantly superior over other substrates. The hydrolysate thus obtained was used for screening of yeast cultures. Among yeast strains Pouhysolen tannophilus NCIM 3445 has showed comparatively higher ethanol yield in all the stubstrates.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53715
Title: Fungicide compatible Trichoderma fasiculatum and Trichoderma doningii as bioagents against mango anthracnose
Author: Anu A. Mathews, S. Thahir Basha and Eswara Reddy N. P
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mango, Anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Bioagents, Compatibility
Abstract: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc, the causal agent of mango anthracnose was isolated and its pathogenicity was proved on Beneshan mango fruits. Among the twenty four biocontrol agents isolated from phylloplane and fructoplane, the isolates T1 and T7 were identified as trichoderma fasciculatum and Trichoderma koningii showed highest percent of inhibition in both dual culture and poisoned food technique. Both the potential antagonists viz., Trichoderma fasciculatum and Trichoderma koningii showed highest compatibility with the non-systemic fungicide mancozeb.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53714
Title: Effect of application of beneficial microorganisms, lime, organic amendments and top soil on growth of Crotalaria striata DC in coal mine overburden dump spoils
Author: P. Hazarika, N.C.Talukdar and Y.P.Singh
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Natural forest (NF), General bacterial and fungi (GBF), overburden dump (OBD) spoils, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)
Abstract: Effect of application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), general bacteria and fungi (GBF) and amendments with farmyard manure (FYM), lime, top soil was studied in a pot experiment for coalmine overburden dump (OBD) spoils 1- and 5- year (yr) of Tikak Colliery, Assam, India on biomass production of Crotalaria striata DC and contribution to physicochemical and microbial properties of colliery spoils. AMF colonized in plant roots and increased above ground biomass in inoculated pots. AMF spore numbers increased many folds at harvest in the inoculated pots in 1-yr OBD spoil in comparison to the number of spore inoculated to them. The treatment combination Lime + AMF + FYM had favorable effect on biomass production both in 1-yr and 5-yr OBD spoils. Dual inoculation of AMF + PSB was also found effective on plant growth. Plant growth was poor in 5-yr OBD spoil than that of 1-yr OBD spoil irrespective of the treatment combination applied. This could be reflection of more harsh condition for plant growth in 5-yr OBD spoils with very high level of H + ions. Amendment with topsoil of natural forest was also effective in improving plant growth in coalmine spoils. The best treatment combination for biomass production was also superior in improving physico-chemical and biological properties of colliery spoils.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53713
Title: Screening of medium components for production of thermostable amylopullulanase by Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SVM17 in submerged fermentation using Plackett-Burman design
Author: S. Mrudula, Gopal Reddy and G. Seenayya
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Amylase, Pullulanase, Clostridium thermosulfurogenes, Plackett-Burman design, Submerged fermentation
Abstract: Screening of carbon, nitrogen, trace minerals and complex organic sources on production of thermostable amylopullulanase by Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SVM17 in submerged fermentation (SmF) was carried out by employing Plackett-Burman design, containing a total of fifteen medium components in sixteen experiments. The design involves screening of up to ' n-1 ' nutrients in just ' n ' number of experiments. Regression coefficients and t-values were obtained by subjecting the results to statistical analysis. Among the fifteen medium components screened, except calcium chloride and tryptone, remaining all other nutrients showed significant effects on both amylase and pullulanase production. Thus soluble starch, tapioca flour, peptone, magnesium chloride and ferrous sulfate were considered promising sources for production of the enzyme.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53712
Title: Degradation of petroleum oil by Enterococcus cloacae
Author: C. Ravichandran and J. Sangeetha
Editor: Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 3, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Petroleum, Oily sludge, Reduction, Enterococcus cloacae
Abstract: It is known that bacteria are the principal petroleum degrading microorganisms. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the potential of bacteria in degrading petroleum oil which are present in refinery sludge. Oil refinery wastes are broadly categorized into oily sludge and effluent treatment sludge. The most common problem faced by oil refineries is the utilization of the sludge in a manner that is ecofriendly and cost effective without causing environmental problems. In the present study, Enterococcus cloacae were involved in to bioremediation experiments to evaluate its capability of degrading oil in refinery sludge. It has been found to degrade 39.3% of oil which are present in refinery sludge.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53711
Title: Registration of terrestrial photogrammetric data using natural surfaces as control
Author: Shahaf Levin and Sagi Filin
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2010
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 10, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Airborne laser scanning data, Topographic model, control-point network
Abstract: We present a model for the alignment of image sets using topographic data as control information. Traditional photogrammetric practices are point-based and require well-measured and clearly marked entities within the scene; for repeated measurement, their demarcation should also be durable. Nonetheless, placement of photogrammetric control points oftentimes cannot be readily implemented within the area for documentation. In many of those cases, some form of topographic model, either coarse or fine, exists or can be readily established. This topographic description provides a broad and markerless coverage of control information, which, if modeled appropriately, can substitute the use of a control-point network in the alignment process. We present in this paper a registration model for terrestrial images based on surfaces as control information. The paper addresses both the problem of acquiring mutual corresponding entities and registration based on varying resolutions. The application of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a mapping of an archeological site and for registration of a set of terrestrial images of an open, unstructured scene using airborne laser scanning data. Results show both the applicability of such a model and that estimation comparable in quality to point based observations can be achieved.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53710
Title: Active contour and hill climbing for tree crown detection and delineation
Author: Yinghai Ke, Wenhua Zhang, and Lindi J. Quackenbush
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2010
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 10, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Tree crown detection, off-nadir QuickiBird panchromatic image
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for individual tree crown detection and delineation that is applicable under various imaging conditions. The approach extracts crown area using a region-based active contour model and then detects tree tops within the crown area by considering both spectral and shape characteristics of the crown. The detected tree tops allow subsequent clustering of crown pixels using a new hill-climbing algorithm. We tested the approach on a Norway spruce stand using three types of high spatial resolution imagery: an Emerge natural color vertical aerial image, an off-nadir QuickBird panchromatic image, and a natural color digital orthoimage. In comparison to the published region growing algorithm, our approach improved tree crown detection by over 10 percent for all three types of imagery, and provided accurate tree crown diameter estimation, which has utility in tree volume estimation, species composition, and forest health analysis.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53709
Title: Land cover classification in a complex urban-rural landscape with QuickBird imagery
Author: Dengsheng Lu, Scott Hetrick, and Emilio Moran
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2010
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 10, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: High spatial resolution, QuickBird imagery,
Abstract: High spatial resolution images have been increasingly used for urban land-use/land-cover classification, but the high spectral variation within the same land-cover, the spectral confusion among different land-covers, and the shadow problem often lead to poor classification performance based on teh traditional per-pixel spectral -based classification methods. This paper explores appraoches to improve urban land-cover classification with QuickBird imagery. Traditional per-pixel spectral-based supervised classification, incorporation of textural images and multispectral images, spectral-spatial classifier, and segementation-based classification are examined in a relatively new developing urban landscape, Lucas do Rio Verde in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. This research shows that use of spatial information during the image classification procedure, either through the integrated use of textual and spectral images or through the use of segmentation-based classification method, can significantly improve land-cover classification performance.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53708
Title: Functional Linear analysis of in situ hyperspectral data for assessing CDOM in rivers
Author: Qian Yu, Yong Q. Tian, Robert F. Chen, Anna Liu, G. Bernard Gardner and Weining Zhu
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2010
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 10, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Turbidity,chlorophyll, functional linear model
Abstract: Turbidity and chlorophyll introduce high uncertainty in remote sensing of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in riverine and coastal water. To reduce the uncertainty, we developed a functional linear model (FLM) to analyze spectral responses to CDOM concentrations observed in a cruise along two rivers and a tidal bay. The analysis was supported with measurement of high spatial resolution underwater CDOM concentrations and concurrent in situ above-surface hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance. The functional linear model is able to explain up to 91 percent of CDOM observations (R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 0.0206). The dummy variable of local environmental factors included in the estimation improve CDOM assessment in coastal water. Our analysis suggests that the pattern changes of the FLM coefficient curves provided useful information for understanding the spectral signal interference from turbidity and chlorophyll. This work presents a feasibility study of in situ remote sensing of CDOM on a shipboard platform.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None