ID: 54081
Title: Studies on irrigation distribution equity and crop growth performance in a canal command using Remote Sensing
Author: S. Raut, K.S.S. Sarma, D.K.Das
Editor: Prof B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2010
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 38, No 1, March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Irrigation distribution equity, NDVI, Soil association
Abstract: Irrigation distribution equity and crop growth were studied in Delhi Sub-branch of Western Yamuna Canal Command. Total irrigation was estimated from the canal and tube well discharge data and irrigation distribution equity was expressed in terms of Theil ' s and Christiansen ' s Coefficients for nearly 140 wheat fields randomly chosen over the command. Crop growth performance for these plots was assessed from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from the IRS, LISS II data. Four soil associations viz., Nabha-Ghoga, Daryapur-Hissar, Holambi-Nabha and Khampur-Hissar mainly represented the study area. In general, increase in amount of irrigation enhanced the growth performance of the wheat crop. Increase in distribution equity within soil associations slightly improved the growth performance of the crop. Over and above, the irrigation equity, quality and quantity constrains to irrigation, the other soil parameters like CEC, applied P also contributed to differences in wheat growth as observed from the stepwise multiple regression analysis. Irrigation performance indices were estimated from water distribution between soil associations and from water requirement of crop, indicated performance slightly below the critical level.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54080
Title: Spatial modeling and validation of Forest cover change in kanakapura region using GEOMOD
Author: M.K.Rashmi, N. Lele
Editor: Prof B.L. Deekshatulu
Year: 2010
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing,Vol 38, No 1, March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Deforestation, Predictive modeling, GEOMOD, Validation, Kanakapura
Abstract: Deforestation is recognized as one of the most significant components in LULCC and global changes scenario. It is imperative to assess its trend and the rate at which it is occurring. The changes will have long-lasting impact on regional climate and in turn on biodiversity. Present study was taken up in Kanakapura and surrounding areas located on the fringes of Western Ghats biodiversity hot-spots. Temporal satellite data from Landsat was classified into forest cover maps. Drivers of forest cover changes such as roads and settlements were used in order to create predicted map of the region using GEOMOD tool in Idrisi Andes. The predicted map was then validated using actual land cover map of same year prepared from Landsat data. The validated map was found to be 84.26% accurate. The validation was also tested using ROC approach which was found to be 0.614. The model was then further extended to predict forest cover losses for year 2015. The resutls highlight ongoing deforestation in teh areas adjoining Western Ghats. It also presents an application of the tool and the validation methods which can be used in predictive modeling related studies.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54079
Title: Relationship of bidirectional reflectance of wheat with biophysical parameters and its radiative transfer modeling using prosail
Author: D. Barman, V.K.Sehgal, R.N. Sahoo, S. Nagarajan
Editor: Prof B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2010
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 38, No 1, March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: BRDF, Hotspot, Spectro-radiometer, Canopy geometry, NDVI
Abstract: The algorithms for deriving vegetation biophysical parameters rely on the understanding of bi-directional interaction of radiation and its subsequent linkages with canopy radiative transfer models and their inversion. In this study, an attempt has been made to define the geometry of sensor and source position to best relate plant biophysical paremeters with bidirectional reflectance of wheat varieties varying in canopy architecture and to validate the performance of PROSAIL (PROSPECT+SAIL) canopy radiative transfer model. A field experiment was conducted with two wheat cultivars varying in canopy geometry and phenology. The bidirectional measurements between 400nm-1100nm at 5nm interval were recorded every week at six view azimuth and four view zenith positions using spectro-radiometer. Canopy biophysical parameters were recorded synchronous to bi-directional reflectance measurements. The broadband reflectances were used to compute teh NDVIs which were subsequently related to leaf area index and biomass. Results showed that the bidirectional reflectance increased with increase in view zenith from 200 to 600 irrespective of the sensor azimuth. For a given view zenith, the reflectance was observed to be maximum at 1500 azimuth where the difference between the sun and sensor azimuth was least. For sun azimuth of 1600 and zenith of 520, the view geometry defined by 1500 azimuth and 500 zenith corresponded to hotspot position. The measured bidirectional NDVI had significant logarithmic relationship with LAI and linear relationship with biomass for both the varieties of wheat and maximum correlation of NDVI with LAI and with biomass was obtained at the hotspot position. The PROSAIL validation results showed that the model simulated well the overall shape of spectral for all combination of view zenith and azimuth position for both wheat varieties with overall RMSE less than 5 percent. The hotspot and dark spot positions were also well simulated and hence model performance may be suitable for deriving wheat biophysical parameters using satellite derived reflectances.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54078
Title: Study of the optimum time span for distinguishing Avena ludoviciana from wheat crop based on their spectral reflectance characteristics
Author: R. Kaur, R.K.Mahey, J. Mukherjee
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2010
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 38, No 1, March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Wheat, Avena ludoviciana, Crop-weed discrimination, Remote sensing, Spectral signatures
Abstract: The study to establish the optimum time span for distinguishing Avena ludoviciana from wheat crop based on their spectral signatures was carried out at Student ' s Research Farm, Department of Agronomy during 2006-07 and 2007-08. The experimental sites during both the seasons were sandy loam in texture, with normal soil reaction and electrical conductivity, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications and consisting of twelve treatments comprising 0, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250 plants m-2 and a pure Avena ludoviciana plot (Tmax). The results revealed that in all the treatments irrespective of wheat and weeds, the red reflectance (%) value decreased from 34 to 95 DAS (days after sowing) in 2006-07 and 45 DAS to 100 DAS during 2007-08, and thereafter a sharp increase was observed in all the treatments. This trend might be due to increased chlorophyll index after 34 DAS as red reflectance was reduced by chlorophyll abosorption. Among all the treatments, Tmax (Pure Avena ludoviciana plot) had the highest red reflectance and To (Pure wheat plot) had a lowest value of red reflectance during both the years. The highest value of IR reflectance was obtained at 95 DAS (2006-07) and 70 DAS (2007-08) in all the treatments. IR reflectance of wheat crop ranged between 24.61 and 61.21 percent during 2006-07 and 27.33 and 67.3 percent during 2007-08. However, IR reflectance values declined after 95 DAS and 70 DAS up to harvesting during 2006-07 and 2007-08. This lower reflectance may have been due to the onset of senescence. The highest RR and NDVI values were recorded under pure wheat treatment and minimum under pure weed plots. This may be due to dark green colour and better vigor of the wheat as compared to Avena ludoviciana. It was observed that by using RR and NDVI, pure wheat can be distinguished from pure populations of Avena ludoviciana after 34 DAS and different levels of weed populations can be discriminated amongst themselves from 68 DAS up to 107 DAS during both the years of investigation.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54077
Title: Terrain characterization using SRTM data
Author: P.P. Patel, A. Sarkar
Editor: Prof B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2010
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 38, No 1, March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: SARTM, Terrain
Abstract: Earth ' s surface possesses relief because the geomorphic processes operate at different rates, and geologic structure plays a dominant role in the evolution of landforms (Thornbury, 1954). The spatial pattern of relief yields the topographic mosaic of a terrain and is normally extracted from the topographical maps which are available at various scales. As cartographic abstractions are scale dependent, topographical maps are rarely good inputs for terrain analysis. Currently, the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) provides one of the most complete, highest resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the Earth. It is an ideal data-set for precise terrain analysis and topograhic characterization in terms of the nature of altimetric distribution, relief aspects, patterns of lineaments and surface slope, topographic profiles and their visualisation, correlation between geology and topography, hypsometric attributes and finally, the hierarchy of terrain sub-units. The present paper extracts the above geomorphic freatures and terrain character of part of the Chotonagpur plateau and the Dulung River basin therein using SRTM data.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54076
Title: Estimation of Glacier depth and Moraine cover study using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in the Himalayan Region
Author: K.K.Singh, A.V. Kulkarni, V.D.Mishra
Editor: Prof B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2010
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing,Vol 38, No1, March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: GPR, Glacier depth, Himalaya, Moraine, Dielectric contrast
Abstract: Himalayan region has one of the largest concentrations of mountain glaciers whose areal extent is changing due to global warming. In order to assess future changes in glacier extent due to global warming, information about glacier depth and debris cover is important. In this paper, application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) is discussed to assess glacier depth and debris cover. This investigation was carried out at Patseo and Samudratapu glaciers in Himachal Pradesh (West Himalaya). Antennas of frequency 50 and 100 MHz has been used for glacier depth and 500 MHz for moraine depth estimation. GPR signatures of glaciers were collected and further analyzed using velocities of electromagnetic waves in different media. The depth of Patseo glacier was estimated as 40 m. However, depth of the larger Samudra Tapu galcier could not be estimated using 50 and 100 MHz antennas. The depth of moraines was estimated using 500 MHz antenna and it varies from 0.35 cm to 0.85 cm for medial and around 1-2 m for lateral moraine at the experimental site.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54075
Title: Illumination effects on the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio ' s optimality for assessing fire severity
Author: S. Veraverbeke, W.W.Verstraeten, S. Lhermitte, R. Goossens
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Fire severity, Normalized Burn Ratio, Index optimality, Landsat Thematic Mapper, Peloponnese, Illumination effect, Topographic correction, c-Correction
Abstract: The influence of illumination effects on the optimality of the dNBR (differenced Normalized Burn Ratio) was evaluated for the case of the 2007 Peloponnese (Greece) wildfires using a pre/post-fire Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) image couple. Well-illuminated pixels (south and south-east facing slopes) exhibited more optimal displacements in the bi-spectral feature space than more shaded pixels (north and north-west exposed slopes). Moreover, pixels experiencing a small image-to-image difference in illumination obtained a higher optimality than pixels with a relatively large difference in illumination. To correct for illumination effects, the c-correction method and a modified c-correction technique were applied. The resulting median dNBR optimality of uncorrected, c-corrected and modified c-correction data was respectively 0.58, 0.60 and 0.71 (differences significant for p<0.001). The original c-correction method improved the optimality of badly illuminated pixels while deteriorating the optimality of well-illuminated pixels. In contrast, the modified c-correction technique improved the optimality of all the pixels while retaining the prime characteristic of topographic correction techniques, i.e., detrending the illumination-reflectance relationship. For a minority of the data, for shaded pixels and/or pixels with a high image-to-image difference in illumination, the original c-correction outperformed the modified c-correction technique. In this study conducted in rugged terrain and with a bi-temporal image acquisition scheme that deviated up to two months from the ideal anniversary date scheme the modified c-correction technique resulted in a more reliable change detection.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54074
Title: A physically based approach to model LAI from MODIS 250 m data in a tropical region
Author: Pavel Propastin, Stefan Erasmi
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Leaf area index, Fractional vegetation cover, MODIS,Landsat ETM+, Tropical forest, Southeast Asia
Abstract: A time series of leaf area index (LAI) has been developed based on 16-day normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) at 250 m resolution (MOD250_LAI). The MOD250_LAI product uses a physical radiative transfer model which establishes a relationship between LAI, fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) and given patterns of surface reflectance, view-illumination conditions and optical properties of vegetation. In situ measurements of LAI and FVC made at 166 plots using hemispherical photography served for calibration of model parameters and validation of modelling results. Optical properties of vegetation cover, summarized by the light extinction coefficient, were computed at the local (pixel) level based on empirical models between ground-measured tree crown architecture at 85 sampling plots and spectral values in Landsat ETM+ bands. Influence of view-illumination conditions on optical properties of canopy was simulated by a view angle geometry model incorporating the solar zenith angle and the sensor viewing angle. The results revealed high compatibility of the produced MOD250_LAI data set with ground truth information and the 30m resolution Landsat ETM+LAI estimated using the similar algorithm. The produced MOD250_LAI was also compared with the global MODIS 1000-m LAI product (MOD15A2 LAI). Results show good consistency of the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics between the two LAI products. However, the results also showed that the annual LAI amplitude by the MOD15A2 product is significantly higher than by the MOD250_LAI. This higher amplitude is caused by a considerable underestimation of the tropical rainforest LAI by the MOD15A3 during the seasonal phases of low leaf production.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54073
Title: Disaggregating and mapping crop statistics using hypertemporal remote sensing
Author: M.R.Khan, C.A.J.M.de Bie, H. Van Keulen, E.M.A. Smaling, R. Real
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: SPOT-Vegetation, NDVI, Crop statistics, Land use mapping
Abstract: Governments compile their agricultural statistics in tabular form by administrative area, which gives no clue to the exact locations where specific crops are actually grown. Such data are poorly suited for early warning and assessment of crop production. 10-Daily satellite image time series of Andalucia, Spain, acquired since 1998 by the SPOT Vegetation Instrument in combination with reported crop area statistics were used to produce the required crop maps. Firstly, the 10-daily (1998-2006) 1-km resolution SPOT-Vegetation NDVI-images were used to statify the study area in 45 map units through an iterative unsupervised classification process. Each unit represents an NDVI-profile showing changes in vegetation greenness over time which is assumed to relate to the types of land cover and land use present. Secondly, the areas of NDVI-units and the reported cropped areas by municipality were used to disaggregate the crop statistics. Adjusted R-squares were 98.8% for rainfed wheat, 97.5% for rainfed sunflower, and 76.5% for barley. Relating statisitcal data on areas cropped by municipality with the NDVI-based unit map showed that the selected crops were significantly related to specific NDVI-based map units. Other NDVI-profiles did not relate to the studied crops and represented other types of land use or land cover. The results were validated by using primary field data. These data were collected by the Spanish government from 2001 to 2005 through grid sampling within agricultural areas; each grid (block) contains three 700m x 700 m segments. The validation showed 68%, 31% and 23% variability explained (adjusted R-squares) between the three produced maps and the thousands of segment data. Mainly variability within the delineated NDVI-units caused relatively low values; the units are internally heterogeneous. Variability between units is properly captured. The maps must accordingly be considered "small scale maps". These maps can be used to monitor crop performance of specific cropped areas because of using hypertemporal images. Early warning thus becomes more location and crop specific because of using hypertemporal remote sensing.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54072
Title: Large-area rive yield forecasting using satellite imageries
Author: Yi-Ping Wang, Kuo-Wei Chang, Rong-Kuen Chen, Jeng-Chung Lo, Yuan Shen
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Paddy rice, Yield forecasting, Country/village scale, Remote sensing
Abstract: Ability to make large-area yield prediction before harvest is important in many aspects of agricultural decision-making. In this study, canopy reflectance band ratios (NIR/RED, NIR/GRN) of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L) at booting stage, from field measurements conducted from 1999 to 2005, were correlated with the corresponding yield data to derive regression-type yield prediction models for the first and second season crop, respectively. These yield models were then validated with ground truth measurements conducted in 2007 and 2008 at eight sites, of different soil properties, climatic conditions, and various treatments in cultivars planted and N application rates, using surface reflectance retrieved from atmospherically corrected SPOT imageries. These validation tests indicated that root mean square error of predicting grain yields per unit area by the proposed models were less than 0.7 T ha-1 for both cropping seasons. Since village is the basic unit for national rice yield census statistics in Taiwan, the yield models were further used to forecast average regional yields for 14 selected villages and compared with officially reported data. Results indicate that the average yield per unit area at village scale can be forecasted with a root mean square error of 1.1 T ha-1 provided no damaging weather occurred during the final month before actual harvest. The methodology can be applied to other optical sensors with similar spectral bands in the visible/near-infrared and to different geographical regions provided that the relation between yield and spectral index is established.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54071
Title: Retrieval of chlorophyll and nitrogen in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) using imaging spectroscopy
Author: Martin Schlerf, Clement Atzberger, Joachim Hill, Henning Buddenbaum, Willy Werner, Gebhard Schuler
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Imaging spectrometry, Hyperspectral, Spectroscopy, Spectral transformation, chlorophyll, nitrogen, Norway spruce, Forest
Abstract: The research evaluated the information content of spectral reflectance (laboratory and airborne data) for the estimation of needle chlorophyll (CAB) nitrogen (CN) concentration in Norwary spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) needles. To identify reliable predictive models different types of spectral transformation were systematically compared regarding the accuracy of prediction. The results of the cross-validated analysis showed that CAB can be well estimated from laboratory and canopy reflectance data. The best predictive model to estimate CAB was achieved from laboratory spectra using continuum-removal transformed data (R2CV = 0.83 and relative RMSECV of 8.1%, n = 78) and from hyperspectral HyMap data using band-depth normalised spectra ( R2CV = 0.90, relative RMSECV of 2.8%, n = 13). Concerning the nitrogen concentration, we observed somewhat weaker relations, with however still acceptable accuracies (at canopy level: ( R2CV = 0.57, relative RMSECV of 4.6%). The wavebands selected in the regression models to estimate CAB were typically located in the red edge region and near the green reflectance peak. For CN, additional wavebands related to a known protein abosorption feature at 2350 nm were selected. The portion of selected wavebands attributable to known absorption features strongly depends on the type of spectral transformation applied. A method called "water removal" (WR) produced for canopy spectra the largest percentage of wavebands directly or indirectly related to known absorption features. The derived chlorophyll and nitrogen maps may support the detection and the monitoring of environmental stressors and are also important inputs to many bio-geochemical process models.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54070
Title: Determination of land degradation causes in Tongyu Country, Northeasat China via land cover change detection
Author: Jay Gao, Yansui Liu
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier,Vol 12, Issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Land degradation, Rehabilitation of degraded land, Change detection, Landsat TM, Northeast China
Abstract: Tongyu Country in Northeast China is highly prone to land degradation due to its fragile physical settings characterized by a flat topography, a semi-arid climate, and a shallow groundwater table. This study aims to determine the causes of land degradation through detecting the long-term trend of land cover changes. Degraded lands were mapped from satellite images recorded in 1992 and 2002. These land cover maps revealed that the area subject to land degradation in the form of soil salinization, waterlogging and desertification increased from 2400 to 4214 km2, in sharp contrast to most severely degraded land that decreased by 122.5 km2. Newly degraded land stems from productive farmland (263 km2), harvested farmland (551 km2),and grassland (468 km2). Therefore, the worsened degradation situation is attributed to excessive reclamation of grassland for farming over cultivation, overgrazing, and deforestation. Mechanical, biological, ecological and engineering means should be adopted to rehabilitate the degraded land.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54069
Title: Remote sensing and avian influenza: A review of image processing methods for extracting key variables affecting avian influenza virus survival in water from Earth Observation satellites
Author: Annelise Tran, Flavie Goutard, Lise Chamaille, Nicolas Baghdadi, Danny Lo Seen
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Issue 1, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Remote sensing, Water, Avian influenza, H5N1 virus
Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of water in the transmission of avian influenz (AI) viruses and the existence of often interacting variables that determine the survival rate of these viruses in water; the two main variables are temperature and salinity.
Remote sensing has been used to map and monitor water bodies for several decades. In this paper, we review satellite image analysis methods used for water detection and characterization, focusing on the main variables that influence AI virus survival in water.
Optical and radar imagery are useful for detecting water bodies at different spatial and temporal scales. Methods to monitor the temperature of large water surfaces are also available. Current methods for estimating other relevant water variables such as salinity, pH, turbidity and water depth are not presently considered to be effective.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54068
Title: A pre-screened and normalized multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis for mapping impervious surface area in Lake Kasumigaura Basin, Japan
Author: Fan Yang, Bunkei Matsushita, Takehiko Fukushima
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 5, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Impervious surface area, Spectral mixture analysis, Endmember selection, Lake Kasumigaura Basin
Abstract: The impervious surface area (ISA) has emerged not only as an indicator of the degree of urbanization, but also as a major indicator of environmental quality for drainage basin management. However, since almost all of the methods for estimating ISA have been developed for urban environments, it is questionable whether these methods can be successfully applied to drainage basins, such as those found in Japan, which usually have more complicated vegetation components (e.g. paddy field, plowed field and dense forest). This paper presents a pre-screened and normalized multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (PNMESMA) method, which includes a new endmember selection strategy and an integration of the normalized spectral mixture analysis (NSMA) and multiple endmember spectral misture analysis (MESMA), for estimating the ISA fraction in Lake Kasumigaura Basin, Japan. This new proposed method is superior to the previous methods in that the estimation error of the proposed method is superior to the previous methods in that the estimation error of the proposed method is much smaller than the previous SMA- or NSMA -based methods for drainage basin environments. The overall root mean square error was reduced to 5.2%, and no obvious underestimation or overestimation occurred for high or low ISA areas. Through the assessment of environmental quality in Lake Kasumigaura Basin using the ISA fraction, the results showed that the basin has been in the impacted category since 1987, and that in the two decades since, the environmental quality has continued to decline. If this decline continues, than Lake Kasumigaura Basin will fall into the degraded category by 2017.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54067
Title: Hyperspectral boundary detection based on the Busyness Multiple Correlation Edge Detector and Alternating Vector Field Convolution snakes
Author: Christian Rogab, Sibylle Itzerott, Bernd Uwe Schneider, Hermann Kaufmann, Reinhard F.Huttl
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 5, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Snakes, Hyperspectral, Boundary detection, AVFC, Yukawa
Abstract: The socio-ecological system integrity with its cultural and spiritual dimensions is still strong amongst many traditional societies. ' Traditional Ecological Knowledge ' (TEK) that these societies have evolved over a period of time is significant for forested landscape management. Though with the development of the industrial culture, socio-ecological linkages have been weakened, there is a tendency now to rediscover the lost cultural heritage, through application of ' formal ecological knowledge ' .
The initial impetus amongst traditional societies for conservation of biodiversity seems to have arisen out of their animistic religious belief system.The concept of ' sacred grove ' could be viewed as symbolic of ' nature-human ' interconnections. The main difference between a sacred grove and a landscape lies in that the former is an ecosystem, strictly protected from human impacts, whilst humans do live within a sacred landscape, often linked with agriculture and forests. In any case, two sub-divisions in such landscapes could be recognized: a ' diffused landscape ' , which is sacred/cultural; and more ' specified landscapes ' , where the institutional arrangements, both codified and /or non-codified are in place. A reductionist view of socio-ecological evolution would lead to the concept of ' sacred species ' . Our studies indicate that such socially selected species invariably have ' ecological keystone value ' in the ecosystem, performing key functions for ecosystem integrity.
Active contours, or snakes, are broadly used to detect linear features such as edges. However, they are often restricted in the delineation of regions of interest within the hyperspectral domain. In this paper, a new approach is presented, referred to as "Busyness Multiple Correlation Edge Detector", that enables hyperspectral boundary detection using active contours such as "Alternating Vector Field Convolution" snakes. The combination of "Alternating Vector Field Convolution" snakes with the "Busyness Multiple Correlation Edge Detector" opens a broad set of applications by concurrent high convergence quality and speed. Furthermore, specific snake initialisations are tested. A series of examples are used to both demonstrate the approach and underline the benefits of the new methods.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None