ID: 54382
Title: A comparison of antimicrobial activity of field grown and invitro propagated Mentha piperita
Author: A Lakshmi Bhavani and G Renuka
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mentha piperita, Ethyl acetate, Plant leaf extracts, Antibacterial -activity, Invitropropagation
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity in the leaf extracts of invitro propagation and field grown Mentha piperita L against pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella boydii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Serretia marcescens, was compared and evaluated by using the agar well diffusion method. The comparative analysis showed that the invitro propagated leaf extracts of Mentha pipertia L. were more effective against all the organisms with the maximum zone of inhibition with ethyl acetate extracts against Serretia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. While the solvent extracts of field grown plants, showed lesser effect with maximum zone of inhibition with ethyl acetate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54381
Title: Effect of storage methods on physicochemical properties of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Author: P Kiranmayi, B Babitha and P Suvarnarekha
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum, MAP, Weight loss, Lycopene
Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of storage conditions on the physical and chemical properties of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). Tomatoes were stored at RT, MAP RT, RF and MAP RF for up to 24 days. The weight loss, total soluble solids, mineral and lycopene content of the fruits were recorded for every 8 days. Refrigeration and MAP (modified atmosphere packaging) controlled the weight loss and total soluble solids were increased slightly. There was no change in mineral content and significant increase in the lycopene content.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54380
Title: Microbial air quality of X-ray rooms in private and public radiology unit in Benn city, Nigeria
Author: C E Oshoma, F O Ehigimamusoe, A O Emoghene and A O Osayande
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: X-ray, Hospital, Microflora, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstract: The level of possible airborne bacterial and fungal flora of X-ray rooms in the Central Hospital and St. Bridget X-ray Centre Limited in Benin City were investigated. The investigated areas were indoor and outdoor enviornment of the X-ray rooms. Samples were collected using the settled plate method for the enumeration of bacterial and fungal isolates for a period of five days. The highest bacterial population of 41.50 cfu/m3 was recorded on day 2 in the outdoor of Central Hospital and the lowest was 2.00 cfu/m3 on day 3 in the indoor of St Bridget X-ray Center Limited. Fungal population was smaller than the bacterial population. The highest fungal count been 17.50 cfu/m3 on day 2 in the outdoor of Central Hospital . The bacterial frequent isolated from the X-ray rooms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (39.35% and 37.29%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.66% and 15.25%) and Escherichia coli (11.39% and 5.08%) in Central Hospital and St. Bridget X-ray Center Limited respectively. The most frequently fungal isolated was Aspergillus niger (56.11% and 49.44%) in Central Hospital and St. Bridget X-ray Center Limited respectively. The result confirmed the degree of microbial contamination was high in the Central Hospital than St. Bridget X-ray Center Limited.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54379
Title: Assessment of bacterial contamination of beef in open markets in Uyo metropolis, Nigeria
Author: H I J Udota and M U Ekpo
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Meat, Bacterial contaminants, HACCP, Abattoir, Open markets
Abstract: The bacterial contamination of red beef in open markets in Uyo Metropolis of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, was assessed. Seventy-two beef cuts (6 cm by 6 cm by 4cm) samples were collected for 3 consecutive weeks from Abattoir (8 samples), Morning market (8 samples ) and Evening market (8 samples). Each sample was crushed and 1 gm diluted serially using 10-fold dilution. One mL from the diluted sample was plated out using standard microbiological techniques and viable counts were made. The isolates from the abottoir were Staphyloccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition to these Proteus spp were isolated from the morning market meat samples. So also were Serratia spp and Streptococcus spp. additionally isolated from the evening market meat samples. The heterotrophic bacterial counts of the abattoir meat samples were 3.3 x 104 cfu/g, 2.6 x 104 cfu/g, and 2.4 x 104 cfu/g respectively for each of the three weeks while 4.8.106 cfu/g, 3.8 x 106 cfu/g, and 4.9 x 106 cfu/g were those of morning market meat samples per week respectively and 1.09 x 107 cfu/g, 1.10 x 107cfu/g, and 1.01 x 107cfu/g were the counts for evening markets meat samples respectively. There were significant differences (P>0.05) in the viable bacterial counts between abattoir, morning and evening market meat samples. Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus spp were the only species that exhibited positiveness when tested for pathogenicity. The isolated bacteria showed varied degree of sensitivity to various antimicrobial agents. The most potent agents were ofloxacin (85.09%), Perflacin (75.16%) adn Gentamycin (61.4%), while Amoxicillin (15.53%), Tetracycline (13.66%) and Cloxacillin (1.90%) were the most resisted antimicrobial agents. Hence microbial testing of the meat put out for sale should be carried out for monitoring potential health hazard as part of HACCP programme.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54378
Title: Folk uses of mushrooms by the Akoko-edo people of Nigeria
Author: O O Osemwegie, A O Oghenekaro, C A Ihayere and E Sule
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ethnomycology, Nigeria, Traditional medicine, Utilitarian mushrooms
Abstract: A study carried out on the folk uses and ethnomycology of wild edible and medicinal mushrooms by five selected communities: Igarra, Sasaru, Egbigere, Ikpeshi and Aghor in Akoko-Edo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria showed that about 86% of respondents consumed mushrooms. About 12.5% of the respondents consumed mushrooms because of its taste, 54.2% used them as substitute for meat or fish, 16.7% use certain mushrooms e.g. Sclerotium of Pleurotus tuberregium and Schizophyllum commune while 9.2% sold them for extra incomes. Auricularia judae, Cortinarius melliolens, Macrolepiota procera, Lactarius edulis, Lycoperdon sp., Pleurotus tuberregium, P. squarrosulus, Termitomyces robustus and Tricholoma lobayense were identified as edible species, while Daldinia concentrica, Ganoderma lucidum, G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. and Nothopanus sp. were used in traditional medicine practices. The source of utilitarian mushrooms remained forests, agroforests and farms in many communities studied, and their collection and/or sales reserved for women and children
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54377
Title: Ecomorphological regimes of the gastropod, Pachymelania bryonensis (Potamididae) in cross river, Nigeria
Author: Richard P King and Bassey E Akpan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pachymelania bryonensis, Size, Allometric relationships, density, biomass, size diversity
Abstract: Aspects of morphological and ecological patterns in the tidal freshwater gastropod molluse, Pachymelania bryonensis (Wood, 1828) were studied in the lower Cross River (eastern Niger Delta), Nigeria. Individual maximum size (shell height, H) was 68 mm while the typical mean population Hmax = 61-64 mm H. Shell height- total weight relationship was isometric (exponent b = 3.011) while shell height -flesh weight function was positively allometric (b=3.748). Monthly trends in b values and two condition indices suggest that spawning occurs in March-May and July. Annual mean density= 506 m-2and biomass = 1, 013.6 m-2. The relatioship between body size and each of the variables ~ density and biomass, occurred in two stanzas; mean density increased between 9 and 20 mm H and decreased in the 21-41 mm H size group; mean biomass also increased between 9 and 30 mm H but decreased from 30-41 mm H size group; mean biomass also increased between 9 and 30 mm H but decreased from 30-41 mm H. Density and biomass were positive correlates of the size richness (number of size groups), a measure of intraspecific morphometric heterogeneity (diversity). Body size is therefore a critical morphometric determinant of the ecophysiology pattern and population abundance dynamics of P. bryonensis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54376
Title: Rainwater quality assessment for potability and brewing purposes
Author: H I J Udota
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Rainwater, Portability, Brewing
Abstract: The quality of rainwater (from industrial and non-industrial areas) for brewing and drinking purposes was studied. In each case, the rainwater was obtained from the roof and directly from the atmosphere. Pb2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Co, Ni and Cd were not deteted in either of the two categories of rainwater. Total hardness and total dissolved solids were lower than the WHO (World Health Organisation) standards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Penicillium sp and Aspergillus sp were all identified in the rainwater. The results emphasize the need to treat rainwater before drinking or using for brewing purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54375
Title: Evaluation of constitutive and induced biochemical defense mechanisms in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] genotypes against yellow vein mosaic virus
Author: Amandeep Kaur and Neelima Arora
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, okra, YVMV
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate constitutive and induced biochemical defense mechanism in seven okra genotypes, Hissar-108-2, NDO 10, POS-1, POS-26, Punjab-8, Pusa Sawani and Pusa Makhmali for resistance against yellow vein mosaic virus. Resistant genotypes recorded higher levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants viz total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid at both pre-infectional and disease initiation stages. Level of these antioxidants increased in healthy as well as diseased leaes at disease initiation stage. However, the increase was higher in healthy plants as compared to the diseased plants. Elevated activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and superoxide dismutase was observed in resistant genotypes compared to the susceptible genotypes. At stage II, the enzyme activities increased approaximately two folds in healthy plants whereas the increase was comparatively lesser in diseased plants. However, superoxide dismutase activity was higher in diseased plants as compared to healthy plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54374
Title: A statistical overview of certain physico-chemical parameters of river Subansiri in north east India
Author: Ranjit Dutta, Debojit Baruah, Lakhi Prasad Hazarika, Sarada Kanta Sarma and Bikaramaditya
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, Subansiri River, down stream, dam, Normal Distribution Analysis
Abstract: Certain physico-chemical parameters of river Subansiri were investigated by taking the average value of samples of water collected from midstream at a depth of one meter from July 2007 to June 2008. The primary objective of this study is to present a statistically meaningful water quality database of river Subansiri bu employing Normal Distribution Analysis for better management of rivre water and will also help in future to assess the impact of large dam on the various aspects of river water quality. The result showed that the hydrological parameters exhibit non uniform distribution in the study areas of the river Subansiri and indicate its pollution free environment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54373
Title: Ecology and ichthhyo-faunal diversity of upper Ebonyi river, Nigeria
Author: E F Ude and C D Nwani
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Ecology, Diversity, Upper Ebonyi River, Nigeria
Abstract: A study of the ecology and ichthyo-faunal diversity of Ebonyi River was conducted from September 2006 to February 2008. A total number of 1,080 fishes were caught during the study period. A total of 39 different fish species belonging to 14 families were identified. Cichlidae was the largest (24.2%) in terms of percentage fish family composition. This was followed by family Claridae (20.3%) and the least was family Malapteruridae with only 0.6% composition. The highest percentage fish species composition recorded in the study period was Tilapia dageti (8.5%). Macrobrachium vollenhovenii was second highest (6.8%). The least percentage species composition was the unidentified species of family Amphilidae which recorded 0.2%. The diversity index show that Tilapia dageti, Clarias gariepinus, Hepsetus odoe, Oreochromis niloticus and Macrobrachium vollenhovenii each recorded 0.1 which is the highest value recorded during the study period. It was therefore concluded that the river can serve as a dependable resource pool for enhanced nutrition of the populace, fisheries development, teaching and research if the status is maintained thorugh adequate fisheries environmental management strategies.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54372
Title: BlaCri-A simplified software/DSS to ease the water management in agriculture with minimum meteorological observations
Author: A C Pandey, Ashok Mishra, V K Pandey and S S Kumar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Blanney-criddle method, Decision support system, consumptive use, crop coefficient, Water requirement per hectare, Effective rainfall
Abstract: To estimate the monthly consumptive use for a particular crop in a particular region is a cumbersome process and several equations have been developed so far. To calculate the total irrigation water requriement for a particular crop period requires the information of consumptive use/potential evapo-transpiration, crop Coefficient, effective rainfall and the overall expected irrigation efficiency. To east the calculation of consumptive use with minimum data set to predict several thing, as total water requirement for a particular crop, number of irrigation required, irrigation scheduling, in-situ and ex-situ water conservation or harvesting practices or size of structures etc, the Blanney-cirddle equation has been selected and a small Decision Support System named as BlaCri has been made in the computer language Visual Basic 6.0. The Software/DSS requires only the mean monthly temperature and average sun shine hours per day in the months, to get monthly Consumptive use/ Potential Evapo-transpiration. Moreover, to predict water requirement per hectare for any field crop, Crop coefficient, Effective rainfall and Expected overall irrigation efficiency is required. This Software has been monitored with several data sets, found theoretically correct and ready to help for the researchers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54371
Title: Studies on the physico-chemical characteristics of water samples of Poiroupat lake, Imphal east district, Manipur, India
Author: K H Usha, B Manihar Sharma and K Khelchandra Singh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Poiroupat Lake, Physico-chemical parameters, Eutrophic
Abstract: The present study attempts to analyse some of the important physico-chemical parameters of the water samples of the Poiroupat lake, Imphal east district, Manipur, located at a distance of 15 km from the Imphal town. Various physico-chemical parameters were analysed during 2006 at monthly intervals by following standard methods. Among the various parameters recorded the overall surface water temperature ranged from 11.0 to 30.10C; Turbidity index (Secchi-disc transparency) from 32.5 to 142.3 cm; Total solute content from 35 mgL-1 (December) to 240 mgL-1(July); pH from 5.0 to 7.4; Electrical Conductivity varied from 40.0 ?Scm-1to 400.0 S cm-1; Dissoved Oxygen from 1.0 to 10.0 mgL-1; Free Carbon Dioxide ranged from 3.0 to 39.0 mgL-1; while Chloride values ranged from 12.8 to 75.2 mgL-1; Total Alkalinity varied from 11.0 to 147.0 mgL-1; Total Hardness ranged from 30.0 to 974.0 mgL-1.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54370
Title: Behavior of rice husk ash concrete at elevated temperatures
Author: P Chandran Kumar and P Malleswara Rao
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Rice Husk Ash (RHA) , concrete
Abstract: In the present investigation, a feasibility study is made to utilize the Rice Husk Ash as an admixuture in concrete and to investigate the impact of elevated temperatures on compressive strength of concrete. The proportions of water, cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate for M 20 grade concrete is arrived as per IS: 10262- 2007.5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement is replaced with rice husk ash for the study to arrive at the optimum replacement and they are tested at room temperature, 100, 300, 500, 700 degrees celsius temperatures. Use of rise husk ash in concrete not only reduces cost but also improves resistance against elevated temperatures and durability. The utilization of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) in concrete is environmental friendly and reduces the carbon dioxide emission.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54369
Title: Drip tube discharge sensitivity to water temperature
Author: Aboutaleb Hezarjaribi, Asaad Abdelkader Abdalla, Mousa Hesam, Abdolreza Zahiri and Ghorban Ghorbani nasrabad
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Drip irrigation, Emitter discharge, Water temperature, Discharge variation
Abstract: The water viscosity changes due to changing water temperature, and causes emitter discharge variations if the flow through the emitter is laminar. The efficiency of drip irrigation system depends directly on the uniformity of water discharged from the emitters throughout the system. The objective of this study was laboratory studying of three different types of emitters (two inline emitters of Siplast and Inline-168, and one online emitter of Katif-8) to investigate the effect of different water temperatures of 14, 22, 32, 420C on water temperature at 50, 100, and 150 kPa. Although Siplast and Inline -168 were classified NPC emitters and in spit of increasing water temperature from 12 to 420C, but slid increase of theirs discharge with temperature exhibited that their sensitivity to water temperature are not significant. In case of Katif-8, not only variation in wate temperature but also generally variation in operation pressure could not vary emitter discharge (classified as a PC emitter). High coefficient of determination and mainly as quadratic relation were found between TDR and water temperature. Although most TDR-water temperature data have been shown to be linear, but in this study both linear and quadratic functions were found with high coefficient of determination. Also laboratory observation showed extension of drip tube length as water temperature increased.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54368
Title: Degradation of the quality of water during monsoon and the related out break of water borne diseases
Author: K M Johnson, M R Anil Kumar and P Ponmurugan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (2), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Monsoon, bacteriological contamination, water borne diseases
Abstract: Monsoon is the unique phenomenon that brings lot of rain to the terrain and supports the life to a large extent. During this rainy season, the water quality degrades due to the addition of physical, chemical and microbial contaminants. In this present work, we have done a study on the bacteriological contamination level of the water, which we have collected from different sources during this period. It is obvious that during monsoon period the outbreaks of the diseases will be very high due to the high level of microbial contamination and drinking the water without proper treatment. Bacterial contamination levels, water borne diseases, general instructions to avoid water borne diseases are discussed in this study.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None