ID: 54577
Title: Broad-scale spatial pattern of forest landscape types in the Guiana shield
Author: Valery Gond, Vincent Freycon, Jean-Francois Molino, Olivier Brunaux, Florent Ingrassia, Pierre Joubert, Jean-Francois Pekel, Marie-Francoise Prevost, Viviane Thierron, Pierre-Julien Trombe, Daniel Sabatier
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 3, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Forest landscape types, Spatial pattern, Remote sensing, Tropical rainforest, Guiana Shield
Abstract: Detecting broad scale spatial patterns across the South American rainforest biome is still a major challenge. Although several countries do possess their own, more or less detailed land-cover map, these are based on classifications that appear largely discordant from a country to another. Up to now, continental scale remote sensing studies failed to fill this gap. They mostly result in crude representations of the rainforest biome as a single, uniform vegetation class, in contrast with open vegetations. A few studies identified broad scale spatial patterns, but only when they managed to map a particular forest characteristic such as biomass. The main objective of this study is to identify, characterize and map distinct forest landscape types within the evergreen lowland rainforest at the sub-continental scale of the Guiana Shield (north-east tropical South - America 100 North -20 South; West - 500 West). This study is based on the analysis of a 1-year daily data set (from January 1st to December 31st, 2000) from teh VEGETATION sensor onboard the SPOT-4 satellite (1-km spatial resolution). We interpreted remotely sensed landscape classes (RSLC) from field and high resolution remote sensing data of 21 sites in French Guiana. We cross-analyzed remote sensing data, field observations and environmental data using multivariate analysis. We obtained 33 remotely sensed landscape classes (RSLC) among which five forest-RSLC representing 78% of the forested area. The latter were classified as different broad forest landscape types according to a gradient of canopy openness. Their mapping revealed a new and meaningful broad-scale spatial pattern of forest landscape types. At the scale of the Guiana Shield, we observed a spatial patterns similarity between climatic and forest landscape types. The two most open forest-RSLCs were observed mainly within the north-west to south-east dry belt. The three other forest-RSLCs were observed in wetter and less anthropized areas, particularly in the newly recognized "Guianan dense forest arch". Better management and conservation policies, as well as improvement of biological and ecological knowledge, require accurate and stable representations of the geographical components of ecosystems. Our results represent a decisive step in this way for the Guiana Shield area and contribute to fill one of the major shortfall in the knowledge of tropical forests.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54576
Title: Analyzing the effects of scale and land use pattern metrices on land use database generalization indices
Author: Yaolin Liu, Limin Jiao, Yanfang Liu
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 3, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Land use database, Landscape pattern, Indices of land use database generalization, Land use database generalization
Abstract: The generalization index system is one of the critical issues for computer-aided land use database generalization. This paper studies the scale adn land use pattern effects on land use database generalization indices and estimates the thresholds of these indices based on a typical land use database sample. The index system of land use database generalization is discussed and constructed from macro and micro perspectives. Six land use pattern metrics, namely, land use diversity index, land use dominance index, land use homogeneity index, land use fragmentation index, the index of land use type dominance, and the index of land use type fragmentation, are designed to characterize land use patterns and are introduced into the analysis of land use pattern effect on land use database indices. The analysis framework of the scale and land use pattern effects on the land use database indices are proposed by employing statistical techniques. Based on the land use database samples at multiple spatial scales collected in various land use regions across China, the study generates rules for both scale and land use pattern effects on the indices, including map area proportion of land use types, total map load, parcel map load, and minimum parcel area. The thresholds of these indices in land use database generalization are produced at the scales of 1:50,000, 1:10,000, 1:250,000 and 1:500,000. An experimental generalization at country level demonstrates how to determine the generalization index values considering scale and land use pattern, and how to evaluate the generalization results using our macro indices.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54575
Title: Modelling the current and future spatial distribution of NPP in a Mediterranean watershed
Author: Cenk Donmez, Suha Berberoglu, Paul J Curran
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 3, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Envisat MERIS, CASA, NPP, Climate change, Mediterranean
Abstract: The aim of this study is to use full spatial resolution Envisat MERIS data to drive an ecosystem productivity model for pine forests along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The Carnegie, Ames, Stanford Approach (CASA) terrestrial biogenochemical model, designed to simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle using satellite sensor and meterological data, was used to estimate annual regional fluxes in terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). At its core this model is based on light-use efficiency, influenced by temperature, rainfall and solar radiation. Present climate data was generated from 50 climate stations within the watershed using co-kriging. Regional scale pseudo-warming data for year 2070 were derived using a Regional Climate Model (RCM) these data were used to downscale the GCM General Circulation Model for the research area as part of an interntional research project called Impact of Climate Changes on Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Areas (ICCAP). Outputs of climate data can be moderated using the four variables of percent tree cover, land cover, soil texture and NDVI. This study employed 47 MERIS images recorded between March 2003 and September 2005 to derive percent tree cover, land cover and NDVI. Envisast MERIS data hold great potential for estimating NPP with the CASA model because of the appropriateness of both its spatial and its spectral resolution.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54574
Title: Multi-criteria, personalized route planning using quantifier-guided ordered weighted averaging operators
Author: S Nadi, M R Delavar
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 3, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Route planning, Personalization, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Ordered weighted averaging (OWA), Mutli-criteria evaluation, Decision strategy
Abstract: This paper presents a generic model for using different decision strategies in multi-criteria, personalized route planning. Some researchers have considered user preferences in navigation systems. However, these prior studies typically employed a high tradeoff decision strategy, which used a weighted linear aggregation rule, and neglected other decision strategies. The proposed model integrates a pairwise comparison method and quantifier-guided ordered weighted averaging (OWA) aggregation operators to form a personalized route planning method that incorporates different decision strategies. The model can be used to calculate the impedance of each link regarding user preferences in terms of the route criteria, criteria importance nad the selected decision strategy. Regarding the decision strategy, the calculated impedance lies between aggregations that use a logical "and" (which requires all the criteria to be satisfied) and a logical "or" (which requires at least one criterion to be satisfied). The calculated impedance also includes taking the average of the criteria scores. The model results in multiple alternative routes, which apply different decision strategies and provide users with the flexibility to select one of them en-route based on the real world situation. The model also defines the robust personalized route under different decision strategies. The influence of differetn decision strategies on the results are investigated in an illustrative example. This model is implemented in a web-based geographical information system (GIS) for Isfahan in Iran and verified in a tourist routing scenario. The results demonstrated, in real world situations, the validity of the route planning carried out in the model.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54573
Title: Spatial and temporal assessment of drought in the Northern highlands of Ethiopia
Author: Tagel Gebrehiwot, Anne Van der Veen, Ben Maathuis
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 3, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Precipitation, Vegetation, Remote sensing, NDVI, VCI, Time lag
Abstract: With the development of global changes, researchers from all over the world increasingly pay attention to drought detection, and severe droughts that may have resulted from climate change. In this paper, spatial and temporal variability of drought is evaluated based on precipitation data adn remotely sensed images. The standard precipitation index (SPI) and vegetation condition index (VCI) are used to evaluate the spatial and temporal characteristics of meterological and vegetative drought in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Based on the drought critical values of SPI and VCI defining drought, the spatial and temporal extent of droughts in the study area is established. We processed 396 decadal images in order to produce the multi-temporal VCI drought maps. The results of the SPI and VCI analysis reveal that the eastern and sourthern zones of the study region suffered a recurrent cycle of drought over the last decade. Results further show that there is a time lag between the period of the peak VCI and precipitation values obtained from the meteorological stations across the study area. A significant agreement was observed between VCI values with the current plus last two-months of precipitation. The study demonstrates the utility of the vegetation condition index in semi-arid and arid regions.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54572
Title: None
Author: Dinesh Kumar, Neha Tyagi and A B Gupta
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Artificial neural network, Bacteriological parameters, River Kabini, Coliforms
Abstract: This paper deals with the application of artificial neural network (ANN) for the evaluation of bacteriological parameters in water. It dependents on temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, depth of water, chlorides, phosphates, nitrates, biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, fecal coliform, total coliform and fecal steptococci before and after the domestic waste mixing zone of River Kabini, tributary of Cauvery at Nanjanagud, Mandya district, Karnataka. The ANN predicted values are close to the actual laboratory tested values. In this paper 150 actual measured values and laboratory tested values have been taken. For predictions of values using ANN, input and outputs parameters, learning rate parameters, error tolerance, number of cycles to reduce the randomly assigned weights are required, for processing this, the back propagation alogrithm and delta rule are required, to input these values to ANN the actual measured and laboratory tested values are used as input and output parameters. The learning rate parameter is 0.55, error tolerance is 0.001 and 5600 number of cycles have been chosen. The first ANN pattern chosen is 10-11-11-3 (ten neuron in input layer, two hidden layers of elevan neuron each and three neuron in output layer) and second parameter is 0.55, error tolerance is 0.001 and 4500 number of cycles, have been chosen.The ANN pattern chosen is 10-12-12-13 (ten neuron in input layer, two hidden layers of eleven neuron each and three neuron in output layer). Back propagation algorithm has been used to train the network, and delta rule is used to adjust the weights and to reduce the errors. The network predicted values, measured and laboratory tested values have been shown in figures and graphs.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54571
Title: Management of drinking water quality at Malviya National Institute of Tehcnology, Jaipur-A case study
Author: Dinesh Kumar, Neha Tyagi and A B Gupta
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: MNIT, Jaipur, Water quality analysis, Waterborne dieases, Bacterilogical analysis, Pour plating method, Colilert 18
Abstract: Water quality of drinking water sources and the distribution system of MNIT, Jaipur campus was comprehensively studied for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters as some incidences were reported related to waterbodies diseases. The results showed that all physical and chemical parameters wre within the limits but the biological deviated from the prescribed standards of the BIS: 10500. Bacteriological analysis was carried out using Colilert 18 and cross checked by the standard pour plate method. Results obtained after pour plating method showed the presence of 33% Serratia, 33% Citrobacter, 18% Klebsiella, and 18% Enterobacter among the pathogens analysed in the most contaminated sample obtained from a residual apartment of the campus. Presence of high level of bacterial count in drinking water indicates the contamination of drinking water distribution system by sewage. In light of these findings, appropriate remedial measures were taken by teh authorities supplying water to the campus in terms of cleaning of sewer lines and refurbishing of tube wells followed by regular disinfection of drinking supplies. After the refurbishment, bacteriological test results of water samples collected from various locations covering the entire campus revealed complete absence of coliforms representing a good quality of water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54570
Title: Assessment of spatial and temporal variation in physico-chemical properties of water in river Sabarmati and Kharicut canal at Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Author: Rita N Kumar, Rajal H Solanki and J I Nirmal Kumar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sabarmati river, Kharicut canal, Physico-chemical properties, water quality, correlation matrix
Abstract: The Sabarmati river is life-line of Ahmedabad city, as a source of irrigation and drinking water, and as a sink for urban and industrial wastewaters. Ahmedabad is known as a commercial and political capital of Gujarat with highest number of textile mills which poses a major problem of safe disposal of industrial and sewage effluents from different sources. River water quality at Ahmedabad has become a matter of concern due to continuous changing environment and increasing social and industrial activities that influence the water quality directly or indirectly. The present study was conducted to assess the water quality of Sabarmati river and Kharikat canal at Ahmedabad, Gujarat. An assessment of various physico-chemical characteristics of water such as pH, temperature, DO, hardness, acidity, alkalinity, phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, total dissolved solids and COD was carried out from July 2009 to April 2010 at three sites of River Sabarmati and two sites of Kharicut canal to know the pollution status. The correlation matrix among various physico-chemical parameters was also prepared. The study revealed the high pollution load at both the study area with high values of COD and lower values of DO, which makes these unfit for any human human intended purpose.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54569
Title: Physicochemcial Limnology of Chitri Reservoir, Ajara, Maharashtra
Author: V V Ajagekar, K N Nikam and C V Pawar '
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Limnology, pollution, Chitri reservoir
Abstract: Analysis of important physicochemical characteristics of water from Chitri reservoir, Maharashtra was carried out during January 2009 to December 2009. The study helps in proper utilization of water, agricultural development, industrial development, establishment of aquatic bird sanctuaries, pollution control, and also for improving the biodiversity. The water temperature ranges from 17 to 340C, pH from 7.3 to 8.1, DO from 6.50 to 10.10 mg/L, total dissolved solids from 40 to 160 mg/L, transparency from 75 to 148 cm and total alkalinity from 24 to 106 mg/L. Free carbon dioxide was totally absent during the entire study period. Chlorides and total hardness of water varied from 30.1 to 45.1 mg/L and 54 to 107 mg/L respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54568
Title: Scope of Carbon Trade in Sago Industry
Author: J Sathya, M Ravichandran and A Royal Edward Williams
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sago industry, Carbon trade, CDM, CERs
Abstract: Tapioca sago manufacturing is one of the chief food industries in the southeast Asia. The starch/sago industry is an agrobased seasonal industry using tapioca roots/tubers as the basic raw material. The process of production of sago and starch from tapioca is water intensive. The waste from sago factories contains both water effluent and solid wastes. Cyanide concentration in the effluent is at alarming level, which requires an urgent attention for its removal. From the effluent of the sago industry many by-products such as methane, ethanol and alcohol can be produced. The methane gas generated and accumulated from sago effluent is being used by the industry for thermal and electrical applications. Global warming potential (GWP) of methane (CH4) is very high which is 21 times that of carbon dioxide. Accordingly, methane recovery from sago effluent serves good both in terms of reduction in power consumption sourced from fossil fuels and reduction in global warming potential. At this outset, this paper is aimed to explore the prospects of clean developmnet mechanism in the matter of sago production.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54567
Title: Effect of single and multiple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculants on the growth parameters of Bauhinia varigata L.
Author: Krishna H Waddar and H C Lakshman
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Bauhinia varigata L, Biomass production, Root colonization
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi constitute one of the important components of soil microbiota, and their inoculation directly involved in improving plant growth under the reduced fertilizer input. Green house experiments were undertaken in Bauhinia varigata L plant seedlings were grown in phosphorus deficient sandy loam soil with single, double and triple inoculation with three AM fungi. Single and double inoculation steadily improved plant biomass production and phophorus content in shoot and roots. However, triple inoculation significantly improved plant growth, biomass production, and phosphorus content in shoot and root, percent root colonization and spore number compared to non-inoculated (control) plants. It may be concluded that triple inoculation of AM fungi for Bauhinia varigata at nursery stage considered to be good before transplantation in reforestation programmes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54566
Title: Selection of efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for inoculation of Pedilanthes tithymoides (L) Poir. plants raised thorugh stem cutting
Author: M A Kadam, B S Giriyappanavar and H C Lakshman
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: AM fungi, Pedilanthes tithymoides, root colonization
Abstract: Pedilanthes tithymoides (L) Poir. stem cuttings were inoculated with different AM fungi viz., Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mossaea, Glomus macrocarpum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora laevis and Gigaspora margarita. The observations on plant growth, biomass production, leaf area, mycorrhizal root colonization and P uptake were recorded. The results revealed that the plants inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum performed best in improving plant growth, biomass and phosphorus uptake followed by G. intraradices and A laevis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54565
Title: New plant records for Asteraceae flora of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra
Author: D G Jagtap, M Y Bachulkar-Cholekar and V B Awale
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: New plant record, Asteraceae, Kolhapur district
Abstract: The paper deals with the floral survey made in Kolhapur district. This includes 13 species of Family Asteraceae, which are now plant records and additions to the Asteraceae flora of Kolhapur district.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54564
Title: Soil-borne fungal biodiversity of some fruit crops of Nasik district and control measures
Author: D N Khairnar, A S Kelhe and A B Khairnar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Rhizosphere, Fungal biodiversity, Fruit crops, Fungicide, Moximate
Abstract: Twenty one fungal species were associated with Punica granatum, Vitis vinifera, Citrus medica and Mangifera indica from Nashik district in rhizosphere and soil. Rhizosphere mycoflora is higher than the soil mycoflora. All fungal species can be controlled by 500 ppm concentration of Moximate, a promising fungicide.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54563
Title: Medicinal weeds of Jowar and Pomegranate fields from Solapur district, Maharashtra
Author: Rajendra Suryavanshi, Madhukar Bachulkar and S A Apate
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Medicinal weeds, Pomegranate fields, Jowar fields
Abstract: Solapur district largely depends on agriculture. Sixty six percent population of the district is directly or indirectly depends on agriculture. Pomegranate is one of the fruit yielding crops, while Jowar is main grain crop. In Kharip and Rabbi crops, the weeds are major problems for the farmers. The present paper deals with medicinal potential of weeds found in Jowar and pomegranate fields. The information about their potential uses in medicine was collected from the interviews with local people and literature of different medicinal systems. The study revealed that about 42 species of weeds in crop fields of Solapur district possess medicinal properties. The study suggests that there is not only the scope of utilization of these weeds as medicinal plants but also an additional income to the farmers, which will also solve the problem of weed control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None