ID: 54607
Title: Metanil yellow, a food additive induces the responses at cellular and sub-cellular organisations of stomach, intestine, liver, and kidney of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
Author: R Sarkar and A R Ghosh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Metanil Yellow, stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, Heteropneustes fossilis
Abstract: Metanil Yellow is an intentional food additive and non-permitted food colour. The pathological lesions due to its chronic toxicity for an exposure of 45 days with a sublethal dose of 2.0 g/L was studied on an air-breathing teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) to study the damage in the regions of alimentary canal like stomach and instestine and in liver and kidney at cellular and sub-cellular levels. In stomach, disruption and disarrangement of gastric folds, destruction of epithelial cells, loss of microridges from the apical plasma membrane and fragmentation, erosion and degeneration of gastric glands were the most conspicuous alterations caused by Metanil Yellow toxicity. In the intestine, the absorptive columnar epithelial cells loosened their structural configuration. Intestine mirovilli became disrupted heavily resulting into loss of absorption capacity of nutrients. The lamina propria was severely necrosed. In the liver, extensive degeneration of cytoplasm, pycnosis of nuclei and damage occurred in central vein region. Necrosis of tubular epithelium, cloudy swelling of epithelial cells of renal tubules, disruption in Bowman ' s capsule occurred. All these observations marked the toxic effects of Metanil Yellow during ingestion through alimentary canal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54606
Title: Application of electrokinetic techniques for remediation of lead-contaminated soil
Author: A. Movafagh and M R Doosti
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Soil, contamination, Kaolinite, electrokinetics, lead, remediation
Abstract: Electrokinetic phenomena are emerging techniques and very effective method had has aroused interest among scientists in the past few decades. Electrokinetic remediation may be effectively useful in the removal of Pb in soils containing kaolinite having a low capacity and adsorption. However, clean up of soil with high adsorption/buffering capacity by electrokinetic technique is becoming very difficult. This work aims to clean up Pb (II) contaminant from soils (kaolinite) while the influence of direct current in the pilot scale for 7th and 14th days under the same conditions was investigated. Soluble Pb is transported towards teh cathode electrode which is highly affected by pH. Best results of Pb removal efficiencies for the test condition was more than 60% in 0.2 distances from the anode electrode.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54605
Title: Validation of Aermod model for CO and NOx at Madurai city, India
Author: Tennyson Daniel, Jeba Rajasekhar, P Muthusubramainan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Measurement, validation of AERMOD
Abstract: The present investigation pertains to measurement, modeling and validation of AERMOD model with special reference to criteria air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in the atmospheric environment of Madurai city. The recorded concentration of NOx varied from 64.0 to 82.9 ?g/m3, whereas teh predicted concentrations of NOx , ranged between 67.3 and 84.1 ?g/m3. The experimental concentrations of CO ranged between 1.9 and 4.8 ppm and the predicted concentrations of CO varied from 2.4 to 4.3 ppm. While comparing the recorded concentrations with the permissible concentrations of the pollutants, it was found that the concentrations were mostly within the permissible limits set by CPCB at most of the sampling sites of the present investigation. While considering the overall performance of the model, it was found that there was reasonable prediction pattern of concentrations of both the pollutants. At the same time, a better agreement was found between the observed and the predicted concentrations for the pollutant NOx than that of the pollutant CO. It could be concluded that NOx prediction using AERMOD model would be executed in future for specific applications like air quality management, air pollution abatement and epidemiological correlation that would require precise prediction patterns as inputs for the sustainable development of the city.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54604
Title: Effect of Emblica officinalis fruits in lowering bioaccumulation of lead in rats
Author: R Rajkumar, S Dawood Sharief, K Vinoth Kumar, B Ilango and E Sukumar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Emblica officinalis, fruits, protective action, lead toxicity
Abstract: The efficacy of oral administration of Emblica officinalis fruit powder in lead accumulation in various organs was investigated in rats. The results suggested that the plant product has significant role in protecting animals from lead-induced toxicity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54603
Title: Occurrence of fluoride in groundwater of various villages of district Ambala (Haryana)
Author: Jagmohan Oberoi and K C Gupta
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Ambala district, Fluorosis, Analyses, Fluoride, Groundwaer quality
Abstract: Ten water samples, 5 from handpumps and 5 from tubewells were collected from different villages of Mullana block of Ambala district in Haryana state and analyzed water qualities parameters like pH, sulphate ions, chloride ions, total hardness, nitrite ions, methyl orange alkalinity, fluoride ion, iron, copper and cadmium for 6 months, July to Dec 2008. In hand pump water of different villages, minimum fluoride level of 0.10 mg/L and maximum level of 0.90 mg/L was found and for tubewell water, minimum fluoride level of 0.65 mg/L and maximum level of 1.9 mg/L was analysed. In Dulyani village of Ambala district showed minimum fluoride concentration of 1.60 mg/L and maximum of 1.90 mg/L. According to WHO 1995 drinking water standards fluorides are known to be beneficial when present in concentration of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L. But when it exceeds the limits of 1.5 mg/L it is found to cause fluorosis. High alkalinity favours high concentration of fluoride in ground water, which has resulted in dental and skeletal fluorosis in study area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54602
Title: Hazard determination of industrial wastewater of Shiraz industrial state for water resources
Author: Asrari Elham, Tavallali Hossien and Moshasha Maryam
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Industrial wastewaters, Hazard of wastewater, Limit thresholds, wastewater quality and water resources
Abstract: The present investigation deals with the study of hazards of industrial effluents in Iran. The study of the status of wastewater quality seems necessary because the wastewater is abundantly used for agricultural and recreational purposes. This study was carried out for the period of one year-2008. For this purpose some chemical and physical parameters such as COD, pH, Nitrate and some heavy metals have been measured in the samples. The samples have been collected from external effluents of selected industries, and external effluent of wastewater of Shiraz Industrial State. According to limit thresholds of measured parameters in Iran, hazard of wastewater have been determined. The hazard of wastewater was severe according to achieved results. The water is not suitable even for irrigation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54601
Title: Status of fluoride in the waters of Uttarakhand
Author: Smita Tiwari and R K Pande
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Fluoride, Fluorosis, Uttrakhand
Abstract: Fluoride toxicity has become a major issue all over the world. Its level in water and soil is gradually getting higher than the maximum desirable limits. The extent of fluoride contamination in water varies from 1.0 to 25 mg/L.The endemic states in India are Andhra pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Punjab, Haryana, Maharastra, Gujrat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala, Jammu and Kashmir, Delhi and Uttrakhand. A small concentration of less than 1.0 mg/L of fluoirde (WHO), 1984) in drinkign water has beneficial effects on human body to prevent dental flourosis however, higher concentrations above 1.5 mg/L causes serious dental and skeletal fluorosis. Even high concentrations above 1.5 mg/L may cause impact on vital organs an reproductive tissues as well. However, the 40 samples collected and tested for presence of Fluoride displayed a range between 1-3 mg/L. Majority of these samples showed a range fro 1.5 mg/L onwards which reflects the alarming situations of Fluoride content in the ground water as well as in inland water samples, so this study is a warning to drinking water managers to see that the harmless range of fluoride is being supplied for the drinking water purposes. (1) Fluoride [as F] mg/l, max-requirement (desirable limit)-1 mg/L. (2) Undesirable effect outside the desirable limit - Fluoride may be kept as low as possible, high fluoride may cause fluorosis. (3) Permissible limit in the absence of alternate source-1.5 mg/L.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54600
Title: Impact of idol immersion and other religious activities on water quality of urban water resources of Bhopal, India
Author: Anu, S K Upadhyaya, Avinash Bajpai and Neelesh Shrivatava
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Idol immersion, Industrialization, Urbanization, Water pollution, eutrophication
Abstract: Aesthetic and life supporting qualities of freshwater lakes are is deterioratign due to increase in pollution. Present study was focused on the assessment of water quality of upper and lower lakes of Bhopal. The lakes were constructed respectively in the 11th and 18th century. The Upper Lake has been one major source of potable water and lower lake is used for secondary purposes. The lakes are polluted by floral offering and immersion of Ganesh, Durga idols and Tazia during Ganesh Utsav, Navratri and Muhrrum. The water samples were taken from the identified sampling stations of these water bodies to assess the water quality. The parameters like DO, BOD, COD, Total hardness, Phosphate, and Nitrate were studied during the study. Higher values of BOD, COD, total hardness, phosphate and nitrate during and after idol immersion indicate pollution due to idol immersion.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54599
Title: Efficacy of vermicompost on the head yield status of the sunflower plant (Helianthus annus L)
Author: P K Ramasamy and S Umavathi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Eudrilus eugeniae, Vermicompost, head numbers, diameter, circumference and weight
Abstract: In agricultural land soil fertility depletion is an important draw back due to continuous cultivation. In order to increase the soil fertility, inorganic fertilizers are being widely utilized in our cultivable lands. Even though they promote the growth of crops, their toxic effect is the negative impact by means of their over utilization. To overcome all these unwanted factors the application of organic manure especially vermicompost is recommended. Vermicompost is a rich source of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, plant enyzmes and plant growth hormones. So, the present study, was done to examine the efficacy of vermicompost on the head yield status of the Sunflower plant (Helianthus annus L.). Different percentages of vermicompost (25, 50, 75 and 100%) derived from the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae was made with the red soil. The sunflower plant, Helianthus annus L. was cultivated in these vermicompost-red soil mixtures for the maximum period of 90 days. At the end of 90 days period of exposures the sunflower head were collected; their numbers were counted; their diameter and circumference were measured; their weights were weighed. The maximum head numbers, diameter, circumference and weight were noticed in the plants grown in 50% vermicompost concentration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54598
Title: Effect of Kirganelia reticulata (Euphorbiaceae) plant extract against the growth and development of the human filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Author: M Manimegalai and S Umavathi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Kirganelia reticulata, Euphorbiaceae, phytochemicals, Culex quinquefasciatus, Filariasis
Abstract: Methanolic extract of Kirganelia reticulata leaves were evaluated for the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activity against human filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The rate of mortality was observed after 24 hours using the concentration of 0.1-0.5% and the values of LC50 and LC90 were tabulated by the method of Finney (1971). Qualitative analysis of the phytochemicals of methanol extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins carbohydrate adn protein. In this research it was revealed that the plant Kirganelia reticulata having the larvicidal properties and it can be used as a natural biocide against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54597
Title: A comparative removal study of Pb (II) from aqueous solution using a mineral and carbonaceous adsorbent alone and in a blend
Author: Anima S Dadhich, Padmavathi Bandaru, Ananda Raju G, Lakshmi Kanth and R Satish Kumar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Heavy metals, Lead, Adsorbents
Abstract: Lead is naturally occurring element, Pb is transferred continuously between air, water and soil by natural chemical and physical processes. The transport of the lead to the subsurface environment is affected by particle facilitated transport where metal is sorbed onto the surface of mobile colloidal size particles and competition for reactive surface sites by similarly charged organic or inorganic species present.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54596
Title: Effect of sewage sludge addition on soil properties and growth response of Amaranthus and tomato
Author: V S Chithra and D S Jaya
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Sewage sludge, Amaranthus, Tomato, Soils, biochemical characteristics
Abstract: The application of sewage sludge to agronomic purposes has become a common practice over the past several decades throughout the world because of its beneficial effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and crop yield. The present study was conducted to assess the changes in the growth parameters and biochemical constituents of two selected vegetable varieties-tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L) plants grown in the soils amended with sewage sludge at different rates (4, 8 and 12%). It also aimed to find out the effects of sewage sludge application on soil physical and chemical characteristics. The plants were harvested before the flowering stage and analysed to find out the changes in various morphological and biochemical characteristics. The corresponding soil samples in different groups were collected and the physico-chemical characteristics were also determined. The results of the present experiment showed that the addition of sewage sludge had significant (p<0.05) positive effects on growth characteristics and biochemical constituents in the plants studied, and caused changes in both physical and chemical properties of the amended soils.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54595
Title: Control of pollutants from coppe coated spark ignition engine with Gasohol
Author: M V S Murali Krishna, K Kishor, A V S S K S Gupta, S Narasimha Kumar and D N Reddy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Catalytic coating-spark ignition engine-pollutants -catalytic converter- Air injection
Abstract: Carbon mono oxide (CO) and un-burnt hydrocarbons (UHC) are major pollutants emitted from spark ignition engine, which are hazardous and cause health problems to human beings and hence control of these pollutants call for immediate attention. Experiments are carried out for controlling these pollutants from a variable-compression ratio, copper coated spark ignition engine (copper of thickness 300 microns is coated over piston crown and inside portion of the cylinder head) run with gasohol 920% ethanol and 80% gasoline by volume) fitted with catalytic converter containing manganese ore as catalyst. The influence of catalytic converter parameters such as void ratio, amount of air injected into the catalytic converter. temperature of injected air on these emissions at different speeds and compression ratios of the engine is studied. Air injection has drastically reduced the pollutants, which is further pronounced with the rise of temperature of injected air. Copper coated spark ignition engine with ethanol-blended gasoline reduced the exhaust emissions considerably when compared to conventional engine with pure gasonline operation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54594
Title: Determination of trace elements concentration and trace elements index in mine water in some fire and non-fire affected areas of Jharia coal field, India
Author: D P Tripathy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Trace elements, Mine water, Fire areas, Trace element index, Jharia coalfield
Abstract: Jharia coalfield is one of the most important sources of coking coal in India. Coal mining activities in this coalfield have significantly caused mineralisation of surface and ground water; there-by adversely affecting it ' s quality adn utility. Several trace elements may be present in mine water released from various mining and processing operations. In this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the trace elements concentration in mine water in monsoon, winter and summer seasons in seven collieries of Jharia coalfield. The study areas comprised up three zones namely: non-fire, intermediate fire and fire zone depending on the level of fire activity in the selected coal mines. The trace elements that were selected for analysis were Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Cd etc. For analysis of trace elements; samples were filtered using Whatman filter paper No 42. Then the samples were preserved after acidifying to pH <2 with 6 N conc. HNO3 in refrigerator till analysis in GBC-902 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of the present investigations clearly reveal that mine waters of fire areas showed higher concentration levels of Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn vis-a-vis non-fire and intermediate fire areas. Ni, Cd and Co was found to be present in mine water samples of fire areas and absent in other areas. As, Se, Hg and Cr were BDL in all the samples in the three seasons. In general, the trace elements concentrations were observed to be minimum in monsoon season and maximum in summer season. Trace elements index determined for mine water samples for different zones indicate that, mine water was ' very slightly polluted ' in non-fire zone, ' slightly polluted ' in intermediate fire zone and ' moderately to highly polluted ' in the fire zone.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54593
Title: Toxic metal concentrations in five fish species available at city market, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Author: M R Zaman, R A Banu and M S Islam
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Toxic metals, fishes, AAS, human health, Bangladesh
Abstract: In this study we have used atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) to determine the concentration of potentially toxic heavy elements viz. As, Pb, Cd and Mn in locally available and highly consumed five fish species collected from central city market (called Shaheb Bazar), Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Sampling was made during the month of February 2006. It is observed that out of five, three fish species (viz. Pangasius pangasius, Labeo rohita and Macrobrachium rogenbergii) are burdened with lead ranging from 13.96-26.54 mg kg-1 compared to the permissible value of 0-7.2 mg kg-1 (dry weight basis). Pb concentrations are significantly higher in Pangasius pangasius, Labeo rohita and Macrobrachium rogengergii but Puntius sarana and Hilsha ilisha fishes show Pb content within the safe limit; Hilsha ilisha records the lowest. The sequence in Pb concentrations according to fish species is in the order of P. pangasius (26.54 mg Kg-1) > L. rohita (19.71 mg kg-1) > M. rogenbergii (13.96 mg kg-1) > P. sarana (3.91 mg Kg-1) > H. ilisha (2.63 mg Kg-1). Results revealed that in terms of As, Cd and Mn, all fish species including P. sarana and H.ilisha are quite safe for human consumption and no public health problem would be raised; however, Pb contents in P. pangasius, L. rohita and M. rogenbergii exceed the recommended limit. The metal concentrations found in this study were similar to the metal levels of fishes collected from slightly polluted waters all over the world. Present investigation so far is a first attempt to characterize the indigenous fish species available at Rajshahi City area in terms of As, Pb, Cd and Mn. The results might be useful for evaluating health risks resulting from contamination. Results also would provide support towards remediation related decisions.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None