ID: 54622
Title: Ground water quality in Talcher industrial complex, Orissa, India
Author: R B Panda, Gitarani Panda and D Pradhan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Ground water quality, ground water table, heavy metallic pollution
Abstract: The study area is in the agro climatic zone of middle central table land having soil texture as light sandy loam, laterite mixed with red and black soil. The ground water resources assessed at Angul and Dhenkanal is 86673 hm and 65195 hm respectively. In the study area there are six open cast coal mines and four underground coal mines. The coal mines are draining 10142m3 of water every day from the study area and throwing them out. That is why the ground water table is decreasing day by day. Again the contaminated water percolated to ground water table and thus ground water is being polluted. The present investigation deals with a study of physico-chemical characteristics of water samples taken from six different sampling locations situated near the industrial zone of Talcher. From the analysis physcio-chemical parameter of water samples high heavy metal pollution was noted in ground water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54621
Title: Water quality and ecological assessment as indications for freshwater ecosystem classification
Author: N Jafari, R K Trivedy and R K Pathak
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water quality indices, ecological indices, pollution, river
Abstract: The usefulness of water quality indices, as the indicators of water pollution, for assessment of spatial temporal changes and classification of River water qualities was verified. Four water quality indices were investigated: WQI (considering 18 water quality parameters), WQImin and WQIm (considering five water quality parameters: Temperature, pH, DO, EC and TSS) and WQIDO (considering a single parameter, DO). The water quality indices WQImin, WQIm and WQIDO could be of paricular interest for the developing countries because of the minimum analytical cost involved. As a case study, water quality indices were used to evaluate spatial and temporal changes of the water quality in the Babolrood River basin (Iran) for the study period Nov. 2008 to Jan 2009. The results show that the degradation in this River from aquaculture and industrial activities can be easily inferred with this index, which is more restricted than the others routinely used to infer water quality. The results allowed us to determine the serious negative effects of the city urban activity on the River water quality. In the studied section of the River, the water quality index (WQI) was 64.75 units (classified as medium) at the entry site and 37.85 units (classified as bad) at the downstream site. The correlation of WQI with WQImin and DO resulted two indices WQIm and WQIDO, respectively. It was found that water quality was influenced by the agriculture and industrial effluents, the highest qualities being observed during the winter season. Margalef, Simpson and Shannon-Weaver diversity indices changed in different months, their values were higher in winter, lower in summer. Nygaard compound quotients and Palmer pollution tolerance index were higher in summer, then in autumn and spring, lower in winter. These results indicated that the water quality was generally worst in summer, followed by autumn, spring and winter. the relationship between the structure of the phytoplankton community and the water environment quality was discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54620
Title: Comparative study of growth and survival rate of Jatropha curcas clones (BTP-A, BTP-N and BTP-K) in the contaminated wasteland soil from Sandial industrial area (SIA)
Author: S V Ghavri, S K Rawat and Rana P Singh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Jatropha curcus clones, organic matter, SIA, wasteland soil
Abstract: A short term experiment of 25 d was carried out to evaluate the survival and growth rate of 3 clones of Jatropha curcas viz BTP-A, BTP-N and BTP-K in the contaminated wasteland soil collected from Sandila Industrial Area (SIA), amended with 40% sand and 40% cow dung. Although, contaminated wasteland soil alone and in combination with 40% sand and 40% cowdung promoted the survival rate and enhanced the growth of the plants, but the amendment of contaminated wasteland soil with 40% cowdung significantly improved the growth of plants, as compared to the other amendments. In addition, high nitrate content was also observed in the fresh and dry biomass of leaves, that ranged from 266 to 490 ?gg-1 and 94 to 174 ?gg-1 respectively, at the end of experimental period. Though, all the 3 Jatropha curcas clones survived and grown well in all the amendments provided, but among them BTP-A was found to be potentially better adapted for contaminated soil, degraded soil or wasteland soil, suitably after amending with organic waste, and it may also be promoted for remediation of nitrate contaminated soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54619
Title: Waste to wealth- agriculture solid waste management study
Author: M Lokeshwari and C Nanjunda Swamy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Chemical fertilizer, barren land, agricultural waste, vermicompost, soil enrichment
Abstract: India is an agricultural based country. Farmers are the back bones of our nations. In early days farmers were using locally available natural materials like after harvest trashes, weeds, cow dung etc as manure. Later on they started using chemical fertilizers in view of fast growth and good yield. Though they got good results in early days, after 10-15 years of continuous use agricultural land becomes barren, crops becomes less resistant to environmental conditions. To dispose the agricultural waste they started burning it and digest anaerobically in the land itself, which leads to air pollution, release of obnoxious and green house gases. Use of chemicals as fertilizers is not only expensive but also they go on accumulating in soil, crops, undergoes bio-magnification which leads to health disorders. Chemical fertilizers are not feasible from economical, health, environmental point of view and for this Indian farmers are committing suicide, instead they could use indigenous technology and improve agricultural land. In view of this a study was conducted on agricultural waste management through vermicomposting. Representative samples were collected from a typical agricultural farm and allowed to decompose aerobically for about 22 days and then transferred to vermipits. Chemical analysis of samples shows significant decrease in carbon content and good N, P, K in the final compost. Pre aerobic decomposition outside the vermipit cut off the leachate and odour problem in vermipit and also reduces the overall time required for composting. Present study gives bio-remedial recycling technology for agricultural waste which meets a part of agricultural input and also conserves the environment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54618
Title: Nanotechnology - A remedy for oil spills
Author: N A Siddiqui, A Kumar, D P Chirag and Akbar Ziauddin
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Nanotechnology , oil spills, oil pollution
Abstract: The paper discusses effects of oil spills on marine ecosystem and various technologies to combat oil spills.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54617
Title: A study on the lipid content in the muscle of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to galvanizing industry effluent
Author: J Majumdar, B K Baruah and K Dutta
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Galvanizing industry effluent H fossilis, muscle lipid
Abstract: The effect of galvanizing industry effluent on the muscle lipid content of Heteropneustes fossilis was studied. The fish was treated for a period of 90 days in sublethal concentration of galvanizing industry effluent. Significant decline in muscle lipid content was observed due to pollution stress caused by the effleunt.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54616
Title: Study on the haematological parameters of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to galvanizing industry effluent
Author: J Majumdar, B K Baruah and K Dutta
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Galvanizing industry effluent, Haematological parameters, H fossilis
Abstract: The effect of galvanizing industry effluent on the haematological parameters of Heteropneustes fossilis was studied. The fish was treated for a period of 90 days in sublethal concentration of galvanizing industry effluent. Significant alterations in haematological parameters were observed due to pollution stress caused by the effluent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54615
Title: Commuter exposure to carbon monoxide in Madurai city-measurements of in-vehicle concentrations
Author: Tennyson Daniel, R V Jeba Rajasekhar, P Muthusubramanian
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Urban air pollution-In-vehicle concentration-carbon monoxide
Abstract: Determination of human exposure to carbon monoxide in microenvironments is of prime importance for air quality assessment, air pollution abatement and epidemiological investigations. Estimation of in-vehicle concentrations of pollutants in India cities is scare and so the present investigation is carried out to report the levels of carbon monoxide inside the automobiles that are plying within the urban limits of Madurai city. The generated database of the present investigation shows that the concentrations of carbon monoxide vary from 0.01 to 0.03 ppm in city buses, 0.01to 0.04 ppm in auto richshaws and 0.02 to 0.09 ppm in two wheelers. It can be concluded that the carbon monoxide concentrations in the microenvironment of current concern can supplement to the generated database on outdoor measurements of various pollutants and the combined database can be utilized for framing effective air pollution management and subsequent abatement strategies with the perspective to protect the health of the residential and floating population of Madurai city.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54614
Title: Sustainability, accountability and socio-environmental concerns required in solid waste management
Author: Papiya Deb and Madhav N Welling
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Sustainability,, solid waste, waste workers, entrepreneurs, environmental concerns
Abstract: The growing accumulation of waste degrades the environment, reduces the land values, increases truck traffic, and ruine health, aesthetics and the necessities of life. Waste picking in India is age-old and is more a survival strategy than an occupational choice. Waste pickers are usually not aware of the forward linkages of the wste recovery process. However, they are directly affected by market price, a result of global changes. If not directly, the impact of global phenomena has been affecting the interests of waste pickers in third world cities indirectly. The survival of the urban waste workers, majority of whom are women waste pickers from marginal castes, does not represent any scaling up of their work or status as such. Despite the ecological significance of the waste workers, the mainstream society as well as the government have not felt the need to provide them with greater recognition. Based on the work of a local NGO, the paper discusses and explores them with greater recognition. Based on the work of a local NGO, the paper discusses and explores accountability and environmental concerns in solid waste management as well as the scope of scaling up this business.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54613
Title: Indian oil coporation, Barauni: A case study
Author: B B Sandwar and Geetika
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Barauni Oil Refinery, Treatment technologies, Efflunet treatment plants, permissible limits, biotechnological applications
Abstract: The present paper deals with the current Industrial scenario in Bihar with special reference to Barauni-Mokameh Industrial Complex. More emphasis has been given on the physico-chemical characteristics of Industrial Effluents discharge by Barauni oil Refinery as well as various Primary and secondary treatment methods adopted to prevent any Industrial Pollution to River Ganga or atmospheric pollution in the surrounding areas. Bioremediation techniques have also been discussed. All possible treatment methods have been discussed in order to minimize the level of phenols, oil & grease and selected heavy metals viz. chromium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, cadmium and copper so that their concentration should be below the permissible limit as recommended by various regulatory authorities viz Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and WHO.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54612
Title: Comparative assessment of Alternanthera philoxeroides and Hygrophila shoolis in lead phytoextraction from soil
Author: N Shabani, D M Mahajan, V R Gunale and M H Sayadi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Emergent macrophytes, phytoremediation, transfer factor
Abstract: In the present study phytoextraction of Pb from soil by macrophytes was performed. Two emergent macrophytes Alternanthera philoxeroides and Hygrophila shoolis removed amount Pb during 2 months experiment. Dry biomass of plant and concentration of Pb were measured at different portions of plants. Dry biomass of plants decreased with increase of Pb concentration in soil which Alternanthera philoxeroides was more affected. Root accumulated higher metal concentrations for the macrophytes than shoots thus Transfer Factor (root: stem and leaves) clearly revealed that low transportation of Pb from root to stem and leaves however in low concentration of Pb in soil Alternanthera philoxeroides shows higher transportation. The results indicate that Hygrophila shoolis showed much greater tolerance and extraction to metal though the uptake was low, as a result Hygrophila shoolis can be more efficient for Pb phytoremediation but could not be useful in soil treatments for removal of Pb.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54611
Title: Effect of sugar factory effluents on germination and early seedling growth in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Author: K J Salunke, S M Karande and B J Apparao
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Effluent, Vigna, Mungbean, Seed germination and Seedling growth
Abstract: Effect of different concentrations of both untreated and treated effluents of sugar factory on the germination and early seedling growth of mungbean varieties PM-2 and TAP-7 was studied. The Physico-chemical analysis of the effluents showed that the untreated effluent is colourless and acidic in nature, while the treated effluent is faint black in colour and alkaline in nature. The values of most of the parameters of untreated and treated effluents were within the tolerant limits recommended by ISI except BOD, COD oil and grease of untreated effluent. Different concentrations of effluents (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used. Distilled water treated seeds served as control. Results indicated that none of the concentrations of the effluents could inhibit seed germination in PM-2. However 10 to 20% inhibition in seed germination could be observed in variety TAP-7 treated with both untreated and treated effluents. Other growth parameters decreased with increasing concentrations above 25%. The vigour index of PM-2 was increased by 1.54% nad 17.55% over the control in 100% untreated and treated effluents respectively; while in TAP-7 it was decreased by 20.93% and 24.19% over the control in 100% untreated and treated effluents. This differential behavioral response of seedling growth may be attributed to tolerance ability of the varieties to the effluent. In general the seedling growth parameters were not adversely affected probably due to low levels of pollution load of the effluents.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54610
Title: Studies on calcium and magnesium in sewage irrigated and tubewell irrigated fields of Aligarh district (U P) India
Author: S P Singh, Maya Verma and H S Pundhir
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Sewage irrigation, Tubewell irrigation, calcium, magnesium, hardness of water
Abstract: The present paper deals with the physico-chemical properties of calcium and magnesium in sewage and tubewell irrigated fields of district Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Calcium ranged from 90-184 mg/100g (115 + 22 mg/100 g) in sewage irrigated and 82-180 mg/100 gm (116 + 31 mg/100 gm) in tubewell irrigated fields. Magnesium ranged from 9.7-36.4 mg/100 g (20.45 + 5.56 mg/100g) in sewage irrigated and 13.3-44.0 mg/100 g (21.53 + 7.92 mg/100 gm) in tubewell irrigated fields. Higher cocentration of magnesium in tubewell irrigated than sewage irrigated fields might be due to hardness of tubewell water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54609
Title: Air Quality Index at different sites of Moradabad city, India
Author: Anamika Tripathi, Mahima and Raina Pal
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: AIr quality index, Air pollution, SPM, SO2 and NO2
Abstract: The present study deals with the assessment of ambient air quality index with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) considered over a period of one year from March 2007 to Feb 2008. The air quality index has been determined at three different sites, i.e. PTC (SI), Town hall (SII) and Mughalpura (SIII) of Moradabad city. The experimental results obtained from the different air quality categories according to National Ambient Air quality Standard at different site s SI (45.38) shows slight air pollution, SII (99.39) high air pollution nad SIII (117.87) shows very high air pollution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54608
Title: Prediction of water quality dependent parameters using artificial neural network
Author: T V Mallesh, S M Prakash, L Prasanna Kumar and N Jayaramappa
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (3), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Artificial neural networks (ANN), water quality, parameters, water pollution
Abstract: The present paper deals with the application of Artificial neural network for the prediction of water quality dependent parameters such as distance, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, depth of water, chlorides, phosphates, nitrates, biochemical oxygen demand, total kheldhal nitrogen, fecal coliform, total coliform, fecal Steptococci, before and after the domestic waste mixing zone river Kabini tributary to Cauvery at Nanjanagud, Mandya district (Karnataka, India). The ANN predicted values of water qualities are closure to the actual measured values and laboratory tested values. In this paper we have takne about 150 actual measured and laboratory tested values. For predictions of values using ANN, input and outputs parameters, learning rate parameters, error tolerance, number of cycles (iterations) to reduce the randomly assigned weights are required, to give input to these values, the actual measured and laboratory tested values are used, the learning rate parameter is 0.85, error tolerance is 0.001 and 6000 number of cycles have been chosen. The ANN pattern chosen is 11-12-12-3 (eleven neuron in input layer, two hidden layers of twelve neuron each and three neuron in output layer). Back propagation algorithm has been used to train the network, and delta rule is used to adjust the weights adn to reduce the errors. The network predicted values, measured and laboratory tested values as shown in tables and graphs.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None