ID: 54396
Title: Evaluation of media composition on the production of "C-phycocyanin" from Spirulina platensis grown in Sivakasi and it ' s antioxidant potential
Author: R Mala, V Karthick, P Sakthiselvan, M Neeraja, J Suganya and S Saravanababu
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Phycocyanin, Spirulina, Zarrouks medium, Growth, Antioxidant, Egg lecithin assay, Reducing power assay
Abstract: The effects of media composition on the production of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) from the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis and the anti oxidant potential of the synthesized (C-PC) have been studied. Six treatments were divided into two groups of nutrient variation. In the first treatment group Zarrouks medium (control T1) was modified by increasing the concentration of sodium chloride (T2 and T3) and the second treatment group by decreasing the concentration of sodium nitrate (T4 to T7) in the medium. Growth of Spirulina in Zarrouks medium served as a control. Up to 120 hours of growth, Zarrouks medium (T1) showed highest growth (16.4 x 103 cells/mL) than medium stressed with 5 g/l (T2) and 7 g/l (T3) of sodium chloride (12.8 x 103 cells/mL and 15.6 x 103 cells/ml respectively). The number of cells were 38.4 x 103 in T7 and only 28.4 x 103cells /mL in T5 and 37 x 103 cells/mL was observed in T1 at 195 hours. C-Phycocyanin concentration was markedly altered with nutrient changes. On 10th day of growth the concentration of C-PC was 400 ?g/g of Spirulina in control (T1). It was significantly increased to 3300 ?g/g (T2) in media stressed with 5 g sodium chloride /l. Further increase in sodium chloride stress to 7g/L decreased the concentration of C-Phycocyanin to 512 ?g/g of Spirulina (T3). Limiting the concentration of sodium ntirate by 1.0 g/l, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/l increased the concentration of C-Phycocyanin to 420 ?g/g of Spirulina (T4), 550 ?g/g of Spirulina (T5) and 633 ?g/g of Spirulina (T6) and 600 ?g/g (T7) of Spirulina respectively. The results obtained were the mean of three replicates. The data was statistically analysed by ANOVA and the variations within the treatments were analysed by Tukey Krammer Multiple comparison test. The concentration of C-Phycocyanin in all the treatments were significantly different. Antioxidant activity of C-Phycocyanin formed from T2 showed 91.2% inhibition in egg lecithin assay, 72.3% reducing power in reducing power assay and 38.3% scavenging activity in hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Thus the study indicates that media constituents can be modified to optimize the production of C-phycocyanin.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54395
Title: Biodegradation of camex golden yellow dye using bacteria
Author: Poonam Ranga and Baljeet Singh Saharan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biodegradation, Decolourization, textile dye, textile eflfuent, golden yellow dye
Abstract: Dyes are xenobiotic compounds that make the world more beautiful through colored substances. However, the release of coloured effluent from textile industries represents a serious environmental problem and public health concern. Without adequate treatment, these dyes are stable and can remain in environment for an extended period of time. Various physico-chemical methods are being used for effluent treatment but they are highly expensive and results in large amount of sludge production. Keeping these points in mind the present investigation was planned for bioremediation of textile dye using bacteria. An aerobic bactrial isolate SPR42 (Bacillus subtilis) was able to decolourize Golden yellow 3RL (an azo dye) at a concentration of 100 mgL-1 upto 74% within 24 hrs at 370C and alkaline pH of 8.5 in static conditions. Thus, this microorganism seems to be potentially effective for biodegradation of textile dyes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54394
Title: Absorption of chloride from electroplating industry effluent using fungi
Author: M R Rajan, M Periyasamy and V Manaka Devi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Adsorption, chloride, electroplating industry effluent and fungi
Abstract: The present study deals with the absorption of chloride from electroplating industry effluent using fungi. The electroplating industry effluent was collected from BSA, Electroplating powder coating, Jaihindpuram, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, Electrical conductivity, Total solids, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids, Hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Sulphate, Chloride, Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD and Zinc were estimated. Four fungal species such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species, Rhizobium nigricans and Tricoderma were used for absorption studies. Different concentration of fungal species (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ml) along withthe electroplating industry effluent was incubated in a shaker for 24,48,72 and 96 hrs. The absorption capacity of chloride was found to be higher in Penicillium species followed by Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma spp. and Rhizopus nigricans.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54393
Title: In vitro evaluation of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against dermatophytes and opportunistic fungi
Author: Jayshree Das, Bijay Buragohain and R B Srivastava
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Antifungal activity, Dermatophytes, Opportunistic fungi
Abstract: The antifungal activity of different solvent extracts from Ocimum sanctum Linn leaf was evaluated against two human pathogenic dermatophytes namely Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. tonsurans and two opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and Trichosporon beigelii at 20, 10 and 5% concentrations. Petroleum ether extract of O. sanctum leaf exhibited broad spectrum of inhibitory activity producing the highest inhibition zone diameter of 40.0 mm in T. mentagrophytes and Trichosporon beigelii and 35.0 mm and 25.0mm inhibition zone against T. tonsurans and C. albicans respectively at 20% conc. At 10 and 5% conc. also petroleum ether extract exhibited broad spectrum of activity against all the test fungi. Chloroform extract showed activity against T. mentagrophytes and Trichosporon beigelii, exhibiting 29.0-23.0 mm and 21.5-15.5 mm inhibition zone respectively at 20 to 5% concentrations. Methanol extract was found inhibitory against T. mentagrophytes (17.0-12.0 mm inhibition zone) only. However, none of the pathogens was found to be susceptible to water extract of O sanctum leaf. Reference standard clotrimazole showed a higher degree of inhibtion when compared with O. sanctum leaf extracts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54392
Title: Fungal bioreactors in decolorization of dyeing industry effluent and phytotoxicity study against Zea mays
Author: E A Saritha, R Anand, S Suja and K Swaminathan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dyeing Effluent, Aspergillus variecolor, Bioreactors, Zea Mays and Germination
Abstract: The phytotoxicity of the dyeing industry effluent treated with autoclaved Aspergillus variecolor in various bioreactors (stirred tank, fluidized bed and packed bed column) was tested against Zea mays (maize). The toxicity parameters studied were percent seed germination, seedling development, vigour index, percent phytoxicity and effluent tolerant index. The results revealed that the treatment in stirred tank reactors followed by sand filtration could considerably decrease the effluent toxicity and the treated effluent could be used for irrigation purposes after proper dilution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54391
Title: Study on prospective of microbial biotechnology in cotton crop (Gossipium spp)
Author: R D Dhore, S S Pande and P M Tumane
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Measurement, Seasonal trends, GIS
Abstract: The country has witnessed yield stagnation despite use of increased doses of chemical fertilizers, deterioration of soil organic stock and imbalance in NPK ratio, etc. At the moment, although different microbial organisms occur in the soil habitat but their number is often inadequate to support the requirement of crop nutrients. Under these circumstances, it was the real challenge before bio-scientists to rescue the dying agriculture by investigating the alternative sustainable means. In market, ready to use biofertilizers are available in the solid state. These carrier-based bio-fertilizers are used in agriculture since the long time. For this, carrier materials like lignite, charcoal, soil or press-mud are charged by pure cultures of desired bacteria. At the moment, these biofertilizers too are very costly and beyond the buying capacity of small and marginal farmers. Secondly, the effectiveness of carrier- based bio-fertilizers which are normally available in market in a solid state has short shelf life due to the thermal sensitivity of the microorgnisms used. The user has no way to know whether the product has been stored and transported under appropriate conditions before reaching him. Hence, due to all these facts the idea of replacing present carrier-based bio-fertilizer with liquid bio-fertilizer has come up. Liquid bio-inoculants are more convenient to use as seed treatment as well as foliar sprays. In the present studies, therefore, Azotobacter Spp. inoculants have been used as liquid biofertilizer to check various stress effects. Cyst based Azotobacter were thought to be ideal for dispensing as liquid bio-inoculants. On considering the probabilities of cheapness of the process, the liquid bio-fertilizer may be advantageous to maximizing their use and utilization for the fiber yielding crop like cotton. Therefore, in the present study the microorganism Azotobacter chroococcum has been selected to formulate the liquid biofertilizer and its application on the cotton crop. Cyst initiation in Azotobacter has the ability to withstand adverse conditions of desiccation, sonic treatments, heat treatments and ultra-violet radiation, which are hardly tolerated by vegetative cells.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54390
Title: Seasonal trends and GIS-based spatial analysis of carbon monoxide in Madurai city
Author: Tennyson Daniel, R V Jeba Rajasekhar and P Muthusubramainan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Measurement, Seasonal trends, GIS
Abstract: The present investigation is devoted not only for the estimatin of the status as well as trends of carbon monoxide with respect to seasons but also for the display and analysis of CO levels in Madurai city by using GIS technology. The recorded concentration varied from 820.1 to 5497.9 ? g/m3. It was noticed that the estimated concentrations of carbon monoxide were mostly below the prescribed standards (5000 ? g/m3) of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). ERDAS IMASGINE 9.1 software and ARC GIS 9.2 were used for the preparation of GIS maps that could depict the spatial distribution of the concentration of the pollutant. Maps were generated for each season and they were superimposed to obtain the final integrated map. Low concentrations were found to occupy 40.3% whereas the medium and high concentrations wree found to occupy 34.7% and 25.0% of the total extent of the city respectively. As GIS maps could depict and estimate the aerial distribution of the pollutant, it could be concluded that GIS technology would be utilized for air quality management in urban atmospheric environments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54389
Title: Prevalence of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital wards
Author: V Amsaveni and S S Sudha
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Nosocomial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Multidrug resistance, Disc diffusion method
Abstract: Drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rapidly increasing in hospitalized patients. A prospective study on various clinical isolates, from patients admitted from various parts of Coimbatore was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Prevalence of drug resistant isolates was estimated by screening with anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, genderwise and hospital wardwise. Among 750 samples processed 95 were confirmed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest rate of infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in ICU ' s and general internal ward. Genderwise prevalence showed 62% males and 37% females were infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were observed in pus (40%) and urine (32%) samples. The results showed that antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa has increased for most anti-pseudomonal agents, such as amoxyclave (96.84%), ceftriaxone (95%), ceftazidime (71%) and ticarcillin (76%). Amikacin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, tobramycin, piperacillin and gentamycin are the drugs of choice for treatment, but in the near future the antimicrobial agents may lose their efficacy because of the spread of resistant organism due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics, lack of awareness, patient noncompliance and unhygienic conditions. Etiologic shifttts in nosocomial infectttions and an upsurge of antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens are impressive and alarming. Continu local surveillance studies are urged to monitor emerging antimicobial resistance and to guide interventions to minimize its occurrence.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54388
Title: Decolorization of different dyes by isolated bacterial strains
Author: Manisha Sharma, Neetika Mathur, Vinod Kumar Nigam and Purnendu Ghosh
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Decolorization, methyl red, malachite green bioreactor, bacteria
Abstract: Three different bacterial isolates were tested for their decolorization efficiency on a number of dyes in both agar plates and liquid culture conditions respectively. The growth and decolorization efficiency of the isolated cultures were also evaluated in presence of different carbon sources and it was found that there was no effect of carbon sources in the decolorization of methyl red but it plays a crucial role in the decolorization of other dyes (red RH, brown GR, orange 3R etc). Two of the isolates BISR D-01 and BISR D-02 were observed with maximum decolorization capacity in all the cases at optimal conditions. The decolorization was confirmed by studying the spectral analysis of the respective dye. The growth kinetics showed that methyl red was completely decolorized within 18 hours of incubation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54387
Title: Evaluation of antimicrobial properties and activity guided fractionation of mangrove species Rhizophora apiculata
Author: Bharti S Jhurani and B L Jadhav
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mangroves, Rhizophora apiculata, antimicrobial, MIC, bioactivity guided fractionation
Abstract: A mangrove species, Rhizophora apiculata, was collected from Murud coast, Mumbai, India and studied for the bactericidal properties and bioactivity guided fractionation. The cold and hot extracts of leaf, stem adn roots were prepared in methanol, ethanol and water solvents and tested against a range of human pathogens. Bioassy has shown the presence of bioactive principles throughout the plant. The potency of various parts of the plant was in the order of stem > leaf > roots. Overall, methanol and ethanol stem extracts showed best activity with MIC upto 0.5 mg/mL against most of the test bacteria. Comparatively less activity was found in the aqueous extracts of these parts of the plant. In Bioactivity-guided fractionation, highest activity was registered in acetone and methanol fractions against most of the test microorganisms. In contrast, petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous fractions did not inhibit growth of any test pathogens.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54386
Title: Pathogenicity and management of early blight and wilt in tomato caused by Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum
Author: B Thippeswamy, Sowmya H V and M Krishnappa
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Tomato, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pathogenicity, Fungicides
Abstract: A total of 140 seeds samples were collected from different agro-climatic regions of Karanataka during 2005-2009 and analyzed for mycoflora. This crop is susceptible for early blight (Alternaria solani) and wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) diseases. These diseases are seed borne and reduce the yield loss up to 30-50%. The pathogenicity test and management was carried out at the Departmental experimental plot. A. solani showed 1-10% early blight in one month seedlings, 1-10% in two month seedlings and 20-30% in three months old plants. F. oxysporum in one month seedlings 1-10% wilts, no wilts in two month seedlings and 1-10% wilts in three months old plants. The fungicides were treated at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) and mycoflora was recorded. The systemic fungicides viz., Bavistin and Vitavax, non-systemic fungicides viz., Indofil M-45, Captan and Zineb. Among all the fungicides were tested in SBM method, Bavistin, Captan and Zineb are superior for the inhibition of seed borne parthogens and increase the seed germination at 2% concentration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54385
Title: Isolation, identification and characterization of associated bacteria on Nemipterus japonicus an edible marine fish of Visakhapatnam coast
Author: T Lalitha Govardhan, B Kanaka Durga and K Kamal Raj
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacteria isolation, Fish quality, Food safety
Abstract: As the fish is highly perishable food item due to bacterial contamination from the environment, the present study is aimed to isolate the associated bacteria in order to assess teh quality and hygiene of edible marine fish, pink perch, Nemipterus japonicus. Raw, frozen and cooked samples of the fish were cultured under sterile conditions on various types of enriched and selective medias for 48 hours at 370C. Bacteria isolates specially pathogens; Escherichia coli, Salmonella Sp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, the causative agents of food borne diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, salmonellosis typhoid and paratyphoid have been identified by employing various standard morphological and biochemical techniques. In the total plate count (TPC), the number of bacterial colonies per ml has been decreased as the dilution of the samples increased. The number of colonies found to be less in frozen samples than in raw samples and significantly no growth of colonies observed in cooked sample cultures, thereby indicating the processing, proper storage and cooking which is to be essential to maintain the quality and safety of the sea fish to the consumer.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54384
Title: Opitmization for production of fungal amylases isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum (FGC/JNU201) in solid state fermentation
Author: M K UPadhyay, Ajay Kumar and A K Pandey
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Amylase, Penicillium chrysogenum, Solid state fermentation, Enzyme production
Abstract: A total of twelve isolates of Penicillium species isolated from different soil samples were screened for their ability to produce amylase. A selected strain, Penicillium chrysogenum (FGC/JNU201) revealed the high amylase activity in solid state culture. Different substrates and their combinations were screened for optimization of enzyme production. Individually groundnut oil cake, wheat bran and rice bran were found to be very good substrates for enzyme production where as the combinations of groundnut oil cake and rice bran in ratio of 1:2 exhibited higher enzyme titre. The enzyme amylase was found to be thermotolerant and active at wide range of pH and temperatures.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54383
Title: A comprehensive study of antagonism with special reference to Pseudomonas species as biocontrol of fungal disease of Banana plant
Author: S Sujata Chaware, M N Kothari and A S Joshi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Rhizosphere, Pseudomonas species, Antagonistic activity
Abstract: Pseudomonas species was well known for biological control activity against certain rhizospheric phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizopus species were screened and the bacterial isolate was confirmed for production of siderophore by thin layer chromatography. Present study revealed the functional diversity among isolates of Pseudomonas species associated with rhizospheric soil of banana is useful to understand their ecological role and for their utilization in sustainable agriculture.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54382
Title: A comparison of antimicrobial activity of field grown and invitro propagated Mentha piperita
Author: A Lakshmi Bhavani and G Renuka
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mentha piperita, Ethyl acetate, Plant leaf extracts, Antibacterial -activity, Invitropropagation
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity in the leaf extracts of invitro propagation and field grown Mentha piperita L against pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella boydii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Serretia marcescens, was compared and evaluated by using the agar well diffusion method. The comparative analysis showed that the invitro propagated leaf extracts of Mentha pipertia L. were more effective against all the organisms with the maximum zone of inhibition with ethyl acetate extracts against Serretia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. While the solvent extracts of field grown plants, showed lesser effect with maximum zone of inhibition with ethyl acetate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None