ID: 54682
Title: Pollination studies in Scoparia dulcis L
Author: Ganesh Iyer and Semma Menon
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Malachra capitata, Hydrogen peroxide test and Stigma receptivity
Abstract: Scoparia dulcis L shows self pollination.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54681
Title: Nonlinear atmospheric gravity wave as observed from radiosonde and AWS data
Author: Goutam Kumar Sen, Debasis Chakraborty, Meenakshi Chatterjee adn Saranya Chakraborty
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Nonlinear atmospheric, gravity wave, radiosonde, Weater monitoring
Abstract: In this paper, interactions of nonlinear gravity waves are studied by using the governing equations of momentum, mass and energy for the atmosphere. From this study it is revealed that there is a scope of development of basic mean vertical velocity field in the atmosphere due to nonlinear second order interaction of gravity waves. Under given zero order basic atmospheric parameter conditions, an explicit gravity wave dependent formula for estimation of mean vertical velocity field in the atmosphere, is obtained. Finally, application of this formula for a real situation has been discussed. Automatic Weather Station data from coastal area Digha, Contai and Kolaghate (Interface between coastal and Land dominated hinterland) have also been incorporated to look into surface based gravity wave signature and respective features relevant to thunderstorm development.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54680
Title: Evaluation of frontline demonstrations on moong (Vigna radiata L ) in Rupnagar district of Punjab
Author: Mahesh Kumar and Gurteg Singh
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Moong, Frontline demonstrations, Technology gap, Technology index, Extension gap
Abstract: Frontline demonstrations were conducted on farmers field from 2003-04 to 2006-07 in Rupnagar district of Punjab for technological assessment in moong. The recommended technology in demonstrations increased yield over traditional practices to the extent of 13.5 percent. The extension gap was 0.90 q/ha. SML 668 and ML 818 were found to be best varieties. Technology gap was ranged from 0.19 to 5.38 q/ha. Technology index showing the feasibility of technology was quite high (1.7 to 47.8%) suggesting technological inadequacies at farmer ' s field level. Overall, the results indicate sizeable loss of productivity potential as the technology travels from research station to the farmers. This necessitates refinement of existing technology in consonance with local resource conditions, along with innovative extension strategies to bridge the technological and extension gap.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54679
Title: Physical properties of overburden coal dump materials from Jharia Coalfield, Jharkhand, India
Author: Arvind Kumar Rai, Biswajit Paul and Gurdeep Singh
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Overburden materials, Specific gravity, Liquid limit, Plastic limit
Abstract: In this paper site selected for the physical characterization of overburden dump at different mining area under Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand. The samples were collected during the year of 2010, in only summer season, from different colliery areas. The various physical properties such as bulk density, moisture content, porosity, void ratio, specific gravity, water holding capacity, liquid limit, and plastic limit were analyzed in the Lab. From this study, it is observed that there is a narrow variation in within the physical properties. Almost all properties of the dump materials are suitable for backfilling purposes. The subject matter is quite complex but in this paper only the salient causes of dump materials have discussed in brief.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54678
Title: Effect of permanent bed planting nad tillage options on microenvironment, crop productivity, water use efficiency, and soil properties under soybean (Glycine max L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cropping system
Author: Hari Ram, Krishan Kumar, D S Kler and Yadvinder Singh
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Tillage, planting methods, microenvironment, water use efficiency, productivity, soybean, wheat
Abstract: The studies were carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana from 2003 to 2005. Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the growth micro-environment, water use efficiency, yield and soil properties of soybean-wheat sequence under conventional and raised bed planting system and to evaluate the economics of different tillage and planting systems. During 2003, minimum water use and maximum water use efficiency was recorded in NT+S/NT. During 2004, PB+S/PB recorded minimum water use and maximum WUE than conventional tillage. During 2003, highest soybean seed yield was recorded in FB/CT whereas during 2004, maximum seed yield was recorded in PB+S/PB treatments Soil temperature recorded upto emergence in CT/FB, PB/PB and PB+S/PB was significantly higher than all other treatments. Effective tillers per square metre were highest in no tillage (NT +S /NT) treatment which were significantly higher than all bed planted treatments but statistically on par with all no tillage and conventional tillage treatments. The minimum water use and maximum water use efficiency was recorded in PB+S/PB. The highest wheat grain yield was recorded in NT+S/NT. The minimum water use in wheat was recorded in PB+S/PB. The bulk density of 0-15 cm layer in NT/NT treatment was significantly higher as compared to CT/CT treatments. Straw mulching treatments recorded higher organic carbon content in 0-15 cm soil depth than conventional tillage/(CT/CT) and CT/FB (fresh bed) treatments. The maximum benefit cost ratio of 1.45 during 2003-04 and 1.82 during 2004-05 was recorded in NT/NT and PB/PB treatments, respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54677
Title: Effect of organic manure and biofertilizers on yield, economics and B:C ratio of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)
Author: P Y Zalate and D R Padmani
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Groundnut, Organic manure, Biofertilizers, Yield, Economics
Abstract: An experiment was conducted during kharif season 2006-07 to study response of groundnut to organic manure and biofertilizers in clayey soils of Gujarat. The results revealed that seed inoculation with biofertilizers significantly increased pod yield, haulm yield and monetary returns of groundnut crop. The crop responded favourably to application of FYM 6 tha-1 + Rhizobium + PSM and gave significantly higher pod yield, haulm yield and net returns over no manuring. Fertilizing the crop with FYM 6 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSM gave the highest net realization of Rs 55027 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 5.69 followed by treatmnet FYM 3 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSM, during experimentation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54676
Title: Effect of process parameters on properties of chitosan from shrimp and prawn shell waste
Author: S B Patange, Naveen Kumar, S T Sharangdhar and S D Naik
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Chitin, Chitosan, Process parameters
Abstract: An attempt was made to study the parameters influencing the quality of chitosan prepared from shrimp (Parapenaeopsis stylifera) and prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) shell waste. The protocol followed for chitosan preparation was: deproteinization of dry shell waste, demineralization, decolouration and deacetylation. Among the processing conditions tried, deproteinization with 3% NaOH, demineralization with 1N HCl for 30 min at 500C, decolouration with 2% sodium hypochlorite and deacetylation of chitin with 50% NaOH at 850C for >2 h with solid to solvent ratio 1:15 were observed to be sinigicantly effective in obtaining both shrimp and prawn chitosan. Effect of treatment duration (2 h, 3 h, 4 h) on degree of deacetylation, viscosity and yield of chitosan was observed to be prominent. As the treatment duration increased, degree of deacetylation increased to a significant extent (61.9 to 70.81 % in shrimp and 68.23 to 75.31% in prawn shell) and on the contrary the viscosity decreased (171.22 to 135.22 cP in shrimp and 178.70 to 140.48 cP in prawn). However, no significant effect on the yield of chitosan with respect to chitin weight (69.57 to 69.03% in shrimp and 71.214 to 69.99% in prawn) was noticed. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan prepared with 50% NaOH at 850C for 2 h from untreated chitin and decoloured chitin showed slight difference. However, significantly higher viscosity of untreated chitosan than decoloured chitosan was observed. Comparatively higher yield of chitosan from untreated chitin than decoloured chitin was noticiable.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54675
Title: Abiotic stress response by few plant species during seed germination- A preliminary approach
Author: N Vinod Kumar, M S Kavitha and E G Wesely
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Stress tolerance, Chilling stress, seed germination, shoot length, root length
Abstract: Dormant seeds are transformed into a live plant by the process of germination during which many metabolic processes occurs. The abiotic factors play an important role in the germination process. Factors like temperature plays a crucial role in this process and may also affect the rate of germination as well as some morphological characters. This is very essential and a prelimary approach in screening an abiotic stress tolerant plant. Stress tolerant genes form a common source should always be encouraged. As an initial step this study focuses on some easy germinating seeds. Some seeds were able to germinate even after its exposure to chilling treatment. Parameters like shoot and root length were also found to be influenced by the exposure interval.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54674
Title: Chemical quality of groundwater in Derrabassi block of district Patiala, Punjab, India in relation to suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes
Author: Nibedita Ghosh, Parul Virk, Madhuri Rishi and Naresh Kochhar
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Groundwater, Irrigation, Derabassi, SAR, EC
Abstract: For the development and management of groundwater, assessment of its quality and quantity is essential pre-requisite. In this context, groundwater quality evaluation for irrigation and rural drinking water supply in Derabassi block of Patiala district was carried out. Groundwater in the study area was found to be fresh to marginally saline with Ec ranges from 650 ?mhos/cm to 2340 ?mhos/cm. The EC level is not uniformly high. The variations in EC levels seem to be related with the non flushing of entrapped water surrounded by clay beds which are predominant in the region. Water samples for chemical analysis were obtained during October 2008 from 23 tube wells and hand pumps of the study area and were analyzed in the laboratory for the major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Cl-,HCO32-, CO32- and NO3). Presence of high concentration of Na+, TH and HCO3 shows that intense agricultural and urban development has placed a high demand on groundwater resources and these resources are at a greater risk of contamination. Based on major controlling factors in categorizing the groundwater for irrigation uses such as EC, RSC and SAR; more than 60% of groundwater sampels were found to be unfit for irrigation purpose. The hydro-chemical analyses reveal that the present status of groundwater in Derrabassi is not very good for irrigation and drinking purposes except for a few locations but it may deteriorate in furture, as is evident from the very high percentage of water samples falling beyong the desirable limits according to WHO standards and almost approach the maximum permissible limit.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54673
Title: Bioaccumulation and dose assessment of 210 Po and 210Pb in the cuttlefishes Sepia pharaonis (Ehren.) and Loligo duvauceli (d ' Orb.) collected off the coast of Kudankulam, Southern coast of Gulf of Mannar, India
Author: P P Vanathi Devi, M Feroz Khan and S Godwin Wesley
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Natural radionuclides, 210Po, 210Pb, Cephalopods, bioaccumulation, exposure
Abstract: Activities of 210Po and 210Pb in various tissues of two species of cephalopod molluscs (cuttlefishes) of Kudankulam coast were studied. A non-uniform distribution of these radionuclides was observed between the organs. Of all the tissues, 210Po and 210Pb were found accumulated more in the digestive gland, shell gland and intestine. Loligo duvauceli accumulated more 210Po and 210Pb when compared to Sepia pharaonis. The muscle of the two species registered low activity. The activity ratio of 210Pb/210Pb fell within the range of 1-2 for most of the organs. The Biological Concentration Factor (BCF) for the organs ranged from 1.18 x 103 to 4.39 x 105 for 210Po and 4.8 x 102 to 8.46 x 104 for 210Pb. The organs associated with digestion and metabolism displayed a higher activity concentration than the other tissues. A significant variation in the accumulation of 210Po and 210Pb was noted between species (p<0.05). The whole body internal dose due to 210Po was 1.13 and 0.87?Gyh-1 and it was 3.48 x 10-3 and 2.6 x 10-3 ?Gyh-1 due to 210Pb for both the species. The activity levels recorded are in agreement with values recorded in related organisms in other parts of the world. The risk quotient (RQ) was <1. The data generated will act as a reference database for these organisms of this coast in which a nuclear power station is under construction.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54672
Title: Evolution of growth, yield and available nutrients of soil under biofertilizer treatments in cultivar TKG-22 and TC-25 of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Author: Deepa Singh Kushwaha and Zia-ul-Hasan
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Azotobacter, PSB, seed yield, seedlings, available nutrients
Abstract: Treatment of Azotobacter (T2) and Azotobacter with PSB (T4) significantly enhanced seed germination (%) in cultivar TKG - 22 while seed germination of cultivar TC - 25 significantly enhanced by only Azotobacter (T2) treatment. Combined treatment of Azotobacter with PSB (T4) prominent affected survival of seedlings (%) and 1000 seed weigh (gm) both years. However, Azotobacter (T2) enhanced number of capsules (per plant) and seed yield (gm/plant) of both cultivars. The maximum seed germination, survival of seedlings, number of capsules per plant and seed yield was observed in cultivar TKG-22 while highest 1000 seed weight was observed in cultivar TC-25. Organic carbon and available nitrogen of soil in cultivars TKG-22 singificantly affected by Azotobacter (T2) and Azotobacter and PSB (T4) respectively. In cultivar TC-25, organic carbon enhanced by Azotobacter (T2) and Azotobacter with PSB (T4), while available nitrogen of TC-25 significantly affected by PSB (T3) and Azotobacter with PSB (T4). Highest orgnic carbon was observed in cultivar TKG-22 under Azotobacter (T2). Available phosphorous was also significantly affected Azotobacter with PCB (T4) and PSB (T3) in cultivar TKG-22 and TC-25 respectively. While highest available nitrogen and phosphorous was observed in cultivar TKG-22 under Azotobacter and PSB (T4) treatment. Available potassium of soil slightly and significantly affected by Azotobacter with PSB (T4) in cultivar TKG-22 and TC-25 respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54671
Title: Biochemical and functional properties of enzymic protein hydrolysate from Croaker (Otolithus ruber)
Author: D V Sawant, S B Patange, V R Joshi, S T Sharangdher and G N Kulkarni
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Croaker, protein hydrolysate, Functional properties
Abstract: Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was prepared from minced muscle of croaker (Otolithus ruber) using a bacterial proteolytic enzyme Alkalase. Protein hydrolysis was carried out at 550C, pH 8.5 with 0.5% and 0.8% enzyme concentration for the reaction time of 60, 120, 210 min respectively. The soluble portion separated after incubation was heated at 950C for 10 min, cooled and freeze dried. The final product possessing a creamy white colour contained 72.25% protein and 2.60% fat. At 39.87% degree of hydrolysis, croaker hydrolysate presented good functional properties as compared to protein hydolysate presented good functional properties as compared to protein hydrolysate with 55.22%, 68.73%, 71.14%, 95.88% degree of hydrolysis (DH). The FPH with 39.87% DH had 88.92% solubility, 183% foamability and more than 10 sec foam stability, 13.44 m2/gm emulsifying activity, 2.9mL water/gm of protein water absorption and excellent wettability. Browning and increase in bitterness of the product was observed when stored under air and nitroen for 60 days. The peroxide value of the final product was insignificant and no change occurred in its value during storage. Organoleptically, nitrogen packed samples had better score than the air packed sample, however, both the samples had shelf life of more than 60 days.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54670
Title: Cost, return and productivity of main vegetable crops in Eastern U P
Author: S P Singh, A K Singh and Sudhakar Dwivedi
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Production costs, Gross returns, Net returns, Input-Output ratio
Abstract: An attempt was made to work out costs, returns and productivity of three main vegetable crops viz. green chilli, potato and onion in Ghazipur district of eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. The study was based on 140 vegetable growers of different farm size groups of the study area. The average input output ratio in the case of green chilli was 1:2.45 and decreased with the increase in farm size except in the case of input cost where the trend was vice-versa. In case of potato crop, the marginal and small farms were more productive and profitable s comapred to green chilli. Similarly, in the case of onion crop, the marginal and small farms were more productive and profitable.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54669
Title: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of copper thorugh biosorption by sludge
Author: Ahmad Ashfaq and I H Farooqui
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Heavy metals, biosorption, copper ions, dried sludge, isotherms, kinetic models
Abstract: The removal of heavy and toxic metal cation, Cu(II), from aqueous solution was investigated at pilot scale using counter-current contact mode. The effects of media conditions (pH of the solution, contact time, biomass concentration and initial metal concentration) on the biosorption of Cu (II) ions onto dried activated sludge were evaluated in a batch reactor. Initial metal concentrations varied from 10-100 mg/L. The optimum biosorption conditions for pH, temperature and biomass concentration has been found at 5.0, 200C and 1.0 mg/L respectively. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm models. The pseudo-first and second order-kinetic models were used for the description of the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted well to the second-order-kinetic model. The maximum biosorption capacity was obtained as 37.68 mg/g of the biosorbent applied. The results also indicate that with an increase in the initial metal concentration the biosorption capacity also increased but the removal efficiency decreased at the same time. Using the equilibrium constant values obtained at different temperatures (150C to 350C), thermodynamic properties were determined and was concluded that biosorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The results indicate that dried sludge can be used as an efficient and economc biosorbent for the removal of toxic heavy aqueous wastes, even at higher concentration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54668
Title: Variations in abiotic and microbial parameters during breeding of Cirrhinus mrigala in a closed hatchery system
Author: Devendra Mohan, Devendra Choudhary, Ramkishor and Archana Gaur
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Abiotic and microbial factors, Cirrhinus mrigala
Abstract: Some of the abiotic and microbial characteristics of culture water were examined during the breeding of Cirrhinus mrigala in a closed hatchery system. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, pH, hardness, salinity, free CO2, bicarbonate and total bacterial count were estimated during sprawning and hatching of Cirrhinus mrigala. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were found as vital limiting factors for fish spawning and hatching. With in the optimum thermal range the spawning and hatching time is inversely proportional to decreasing temperature. Higher level of dissolved oxygen is essential for a successful breeding, while lower dissolved oxygen leads to defective larval and increased mortality of embryo and hatching. Dissolved oxygen was found sharply decreased from 4.90 mg/L to 2.39 mg/L after spawning and 4.67 mg/L to 2.96 mg/L after hatching. An insignificant decrease in pH was recorded while hardness showed insignificant increase. Average nitrate contents were found increased from 2.53?g/L to 7.71?g/L after spawning and 2.64 ?g/L to 5.41 ?g/L after hatching, similarly phosphate contents were increased from an average of 2.39 ?g/L to 3.86?g/L after spawning and 2.55?g/L to 3.32 ?g/L after hatching. Insignificant variations in Bicarbonate and free CO2 were recorded. Bacterial count sharply increases after spawning and hatching and may be a cause of mass mortality of embryo adn spawn in a closed hatchery system. By regulating some of these factors the breeding success in closed hatchery system may be increased.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None