ID: 54697
Title: In-flight geometric calibration and orientation of ALOS/PRISM imagery with a Generic Sensor Model
Author: P B Radhadevi, Rupert Muller, Pablo d Angelo and Peter Reinartz
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 5, May 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: PRISM, ALOS satellite,
Abstract: Self-calibration is a powerful technique to exploit the geometric potential of optical spaceborne sensors. This paper explains the methodology of expanding a sensor model for in-orbit geometric calibration of the PRISM radiometers on the Japanese ALOS satellite. PRISM has three optical systems for forward, nadir, and backward views each with a 2.5 m nominal spatial resolution. Algorithms for the geometric processing of the PRISM images are proposed and implemented. It is shown how self calibration and orientation of the sensor can be done without having precise knowledge of the payload geometry and attitude data. Several cases and procedures are studied with the established sensor model, including weight matrices, attitude offsets, attitude drifts, and focal length estimations. It is concluded that self calibration of the PRISM cameras can be done effectively with a rigorous sensor model. Even if the post-launch parameters are not available, sub-pixel geometric accuracy can be achieved.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54696
Title: Small-footprint Lidar estimations of Sagebrush canopy characteristics
Author: Jessica J Mitchell, Nancy F Glenn, Temuulen T Sankey, DeWayne R Derryberry, Matthew O Anderson and Ryan C Hruska
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 5, May 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: shrub steppe rangelands, Remote sensing technologies
Abstract: The height and shape of shrub canopies are critical measurements for characterizing shrub steppe rangelands. Remote sensing technologies might provide an efficient method to acquire these measurements across large areas. This study compared point-cloud and rasterized lidar data to field-measured sagebrush height and shape to quantify the correlation between field-based and lidar-derived estimates. The results demonstrated that discrete return, small-footprint lidar with high point density (9.46 points/m2) can provide strong predictions of true sagebrush height (R2 of 0.84 to 0.86), but with a consistent underestimation of approximately 30 percent. Our results provided the first successful lidar-based decriptors of sagebrush shape with R2 values of 0.65, 0.74 and 0.78 for respective predictions of shortest canopy diameter, longest canopy diameter, and canopy area. Future studies can extend lidar-derived shrub height and shape measurements to canopy volume, cover, and biomass estimates.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54695
Title: An approach to lineament analysis for groundwater exploration in Nicaragua
Author: Jill N Bruning, John S Gierke, and Ann L Maclean
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 5, May 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: ASTER, Landsat-7 ETM+, QuickBird, RADARSAT-1, DEM, Wells,Lineament
Abstract: Wells in bedrock aquifers tend to yield more water where they intersect fracture networks. Lineament analysis using satellite imagery was employed to identify surface expressions of subsurface fracturing for possible new well locations. An imagery intergration approach was developed to evaluate satellite imagery for lineament analysis in terrain where the influences of human development and vegetation confound lineament interpretation. Four satellite sensors (ASTER, Landsat-7 ETM+, QuickBird, RADARSAT-1) and a DEM were used for lineament mapping a volcanic region of Nicaragua. Image processing and interpretations obtained 12 complementary products, which were synthesized into a raster image of lineament - zone coincidence for creating a lineament delineation map. Nine of the 11 previously mapped faults were identified from the coincidence-based map along with 26 new lineaments. The locations of ten new lineaments were confirmed by field observation. RADARSAT-1 products were best for minimizing anthropogenic features but not able to identify all the geological lineaments.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54694
Title: A new stereo algorithm based on snakes
Author: Emanuels Simioni, Giampiero Naletto, Gianfranco Forlani, Gabriele Cremonese, Vania Da Deppo, Matteo Massironi, and Elisa Segato
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 5, May 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: BepiColombo, stereo-matching algorithm, Digital Terrain Mode
Abstract: As part of the ongoing activities for the European space mission BepiColombo to Mercury, a new stereo-matching algorithm is here porposed: this algorithm uses deformable surfaces, or snakes, to find a dense disparity map. Subject to both external and inernal forces, respectively represented by the similarity function and by smoothness constraints on the disparity map, a "deformable" disparity map evolves from an initial approximate state to an optimal one in which the algorithm has reached convergence. This algorithm is expected to provide one of the image matching tools for the Digital Terrain Model generation procedure that will be used by the BepiColombo stereo camera. To check the algorithm, tests have been performed on synthetic images derived from 3D models of geological features relevant to planetary science. The results show that it is possible to obtain an image measurement accuracy comparable to the one attainable with the Least Squares Matching algorithm. In addition, less object smoothing can be obtained since the object points are not derived by a large scale averaging over a terrain patch, as for example, in area-based methods; this means that more details of the terrain can be captured. Finally, because of the continuity constraint, this method is also expected to be robust in case of blunders in the reconstruction of the parallox field.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54693
Title: Mapping evapotranspiration from ASTER Data through GIS spatial integration of Vegetation and terrain features
Author: Isabella Mariotto, Vincent P Gutschick, and Dennis L Clason
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2011
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 77, No 5, May 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: evapotranspiration (ET), Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), JIC model
Abstract: Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is difficult to obtain over heterogeneous landscape presenting spectrally diverse land covers and topographic terrains. The goal of this study is to build advanced remote sensing and surface energy balance algorithms to map ET in a heterogeneous semi-arid area. ET of 12 different land covers is computed by applying the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) modified for roughness, vegetation index, and topographic - corrected reflectance, with comparison to the JIC model. A GIS raster/vector platform is used to integrate multispectral thermal and reflectance imagery with meterological, terrain, land-cover, and astronomical data. SEBAL computed with all the modifications showed the best agreement with the ground measurements, compared to the SEBAL versions without any single modification, and it could significantly discriminate ET among 75.8 percent of vegetation types ( at threshold differences in ET >0.5 mm/day). SEBAL without any modifications could not discriminate any vegetation types.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54692
Title: Impact of cement dust on biochemical parameters of Malva sylvestrus
Author: S K Rafiq, B A Ganai and S A Khan
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Cement dust, chlorophyll, caroteniod, protein, amino acid and Malva sylvestrus
Abstract: The impact of cement dust on different biochemical parameter viz Chlorophyll, Phaeophytin, Carotenoid Free sugar, starch, amino acid and proteins were studied for a period of one year. All the parmeters except amino acids showed a remarkable decrease as compared to control. Total chlorophyll content decreased by 85% and 76% , Tot Phaeophytin by 63% and 37%, Cartoeniod by 74% and 61%, Starch by 47% and 29%, Free sugar by 38% and 15% and protein by 32% and 23% respectively at 50 m and 100 m away sites as compared to control. The amount of amino acid showed an increase of 26% and 11% as compared to control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54691
Title: Effect of seed treatment of different fungicides, bio-control and ITK on linseed wilt incidence under wilt sick field condition
Author: D R Wagh, K P Verma, R K Dantre, A Baghei and S D Chaliganjewar
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Seed treatment of fungicides, biological control, wilt sic field condition
Abstract: An experiment was conducted under controlled condition at the department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C G) during 2009 to evaluate the effect of seed treatment of different fungicides, bio-control adn ITK on linseed wilt incidence under wilt sick field condition. Seeds were treated @ 2 g or mL/kg and soil application with mushroom spent florida - PF3 1 kg/plot. Susceptible cultivar, R-7 was sown as test variety in plot size 1 x 3 m. The observations for mortality percentage of wilted plants of linseed was taken (i.e 20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS, respectively) and found Vitavax power applied as seed treatment gave superior results followed by Bavistin and Contaf as compared to control treatment. For the test weight of 1000 grains and highest yield was found in Vitavax power followed by Thiophanate methyl, Bavistin and Trichoderma harzianum as compared to control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54690
Title: Biochemical composition of medicinal plant of Kashmir valley, India Posophyllum hexandrum
Author: W Tamheed, S K Rafiq and N Humeera
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Bergenia, Zakhmi-i-hayat, Active principles, secondary metabolites, rhizomes
Abstract: Podophyllum hexandrum (Podophyllaceae) was analysed for its biochemical composition and active medicinal components. The results revealed the presence of active components viz. Alkaloids (6.5 mg/100mg), Saponins (14.1 mg/100g) and Flavonoids (0.181 mg/100 g). the analysis of plant also revealed presence of fair amount of biomolecules namely carbohydrates (0.524 mg/g), Total sugars (6.25 mg/g) and Amino acids (68 ?g/g) in both rhizome and leaves. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, chlroophyll- b and carotenoids) were also analysed which showed their co relationship with medicinal components.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54689
Title: Diversity of Macro benthic fauna in Makhana pond and unmanaged perennial fishery pond in Darbhanga, North Bihar, India
Author: Asim Kumar Nath, V K Gupta, M A Khan and P Panda
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Macro benthos, Makhana, Bellamya, planorbis, Chironomid larvae, Tubifex, Managed pond, Unmanaged pond
Abstract: A preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the potential of benthic macro invertebrate community assemblages in predicting the water quality status. Macro benthos diversity of Makhana pond (managed) and perennial fishery (unmanaged) was studied in Darbhanga, North Bihar, India. A total of nine (9) species belonging to mollusca, arthropoda and annelida have been identified. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that macro benthic groups were positively/negatively correlated with some physico-chemical parameters. The Shannon-Wiener index value was found to be higher in Makhana or rather managed pond whereas the value was relatively low in the unmanaged pond i.e. perennial fishery pond which indicates Makhana pond is moderately polluted and fishery pond is substantially polluted. Present study reveals that Planorbis, chironomid larvae, earthworm, Tubifex was maximum in Makhana pond than perennial fishery pond whereas Bellamya found maximum in fishery pond.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54688
Title: Environmentally sound management of e-wastes
Author: D P Tripathy
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: E- waste, Basel convention, Waste treatment
Abstract: Rapid technology change, low initial cost and with planned obsolescene have resulted in a fast growing surplus of electronic waste around the globe. E-wastes are considered dangerous, as certain components of some electronic products contain materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. E-waste contains hazardous constituents that may negatively impact the environment and affect human health. Discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries if improperly disposed can leach lead and other substances into soil and groundwater. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. This paper gives insight into sources and types of e-wastes and the need for its appropriate and efficient management and options that can be implemented to minimize their menace. It is felt that in the developing countries, extended producer responsibility (EPR) has become a necessity in view of trans-boundary movement of e-waste as well lack of state-of -the-art disposal and recycling technologies. Further, appropriate legislations (international/national) in dealing with e-waste dumping, transfer of technology and incentives for sound and environmentally benign management of e-waste must be followed for tackling long term environmental risks and health hazards.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54687
Title: A study on sea breeze index for Visakhapatnam and its potential applications
Author: V Lakshmana Rao and K P R Vittal Murthy
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Land and sea breeze, Meso scale, local weather, local wind systems, coastal zone
Abstract: Land and sea breeze are the most commonly observed meso-scale local wind systems on coastal zones. They have great influence on local weather and play a crucial role in coastal zone management. The meso-scale local circulation results due to differential heating of land and sea surfaces. In this article, the intensity of sea breeze is estimated for Visakhapatnam (170 421 N; 830 151 E) by using the technique suggested by Lyons (1972); Biggs and Graves (1962). A simple sea breeze index was developed for Visakhapatnam. It is pointed out in this article that there are two potential applications namely the air quality criteria and intensity of monsoon circulation. This aspect was discusses with the help of decadal variations of sea breeze index (SBI).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54686
Title: Soil physical characteristics of the Takht-i-Sulaiman forest, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
Author: Irm-Fatima, Mudasir-Ali and G A Bhat
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Takht-i-Sulaiman hill, soil physical characteristics, soil profile, colour, texture, bulk density, temperature, moisture content, field capacity
Abstract: The soils of the Takht-i-Sulaiman forest (Srinagar) whose parent rocks (infact amygdaloidal rocks) belong to the Kuling (Lower Carboniferous) series wer analyzed for the physical characteristics. The soil profile reveals the visibly distinct development of the various horizons (O,A, E, B, C, & R from surface downwards). The surface soil colors vary from mildly blackish to slightly reddish brown depending upon the site characteristics; while as the colors of different soil horizons varied from slightly blackish to unaffected bluish rock color through intermediate colors of slightly brownish with a faint green color, much lighter brown color, dark brown and red colors and much darker red, brown and ochre colors. The soil textural classes extend from sandy loam to silt loam with sandy loam as the most prevalent soi textural class. The percentage of sand, silt and clay in soils follow the trend: sand > silt > clay. The soil temperatures followed the seasonal temperature trend of the surroundings. The bulk density fluctuated between 0.93 to 1.0 adn 0.92 to 1.11 respectively with respect to the site pooling and month pooling of the data, and certainly indicate the absence of the compaction processes on soils by the interferences of biotic origin. The soil moisture contents are low and represent an unsaturated state but indicate the soils of good water holding capacity. The field capacity is limited to 30- 40 percent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54685
Title: Stigamtic receptivity in Malachra capitata Linn
Author: Ganesh Iyer and Semma Menon]
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Malachra capitata, Hydrogen peroxide test and stigma receptivity
Abstract: Stigma receptivity of Malachra capitata Linn was studied on clear sunny days using a novel Hydrogen peroxide decomposing method. It is simple, quick and cost effective method. These types of study help in teaching as well as research to determine effective pollination.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54684
Title: Heavy metal contamination risk of groundwate rin an industrial area of Bangalore, South India
Author: Charmaine Jerome and Anitha Pius
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Contamination, heavy metals, ground water, industrialization
Abstract: A study was conducted to assess the level of heavy metal contamination of ground water in the pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Concentration of selected metals-Fe, Zn, Cr, Co, Cu and Pb were estimated by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in groundwater, from 31 sampling sites in Peenya, a significant industrial area in Bangalore. The mean concentration levels of the heavy metals could be arranged as Cr>Fe>Zn>Pb>Co>Cu in the pre monsoon season and Cr>Zn>Pb>Fe>Co>Cu in the post monsoon season. The spatial distribution of concentration of the heavy metals largely reflects the localization of major impact sources, with the most affected areas restricted to a radius of a few kilometers from point sources. The findings indicate that most of the water samples were contaminated and hence unfit for drinking pupose. This is probably because of seepage of effluents from the industries into the ground water regime and may have adverse effect on the health of people residing in close proximity to the study area, thus suggesting an urgent need for proper remedial measures.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54683
Title: Physico-chemical characteristics of river Kamla at Jainagar, Bihar, India, 2008-2009
Author: Prem Kumar Bairoliya, Safal Kumar Mishra, Sanjeev Kumar Chaudhary and Kumari Neelam Jalan
Editor: Dr R L Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 16, No (4) 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment & conservation
Keywords: Physico-chemical, Kamla, Bihar, India
Abstract: The studies on physico-chemical characteristics of Kamla water at Jainagar, Bihar was carried out from July, 2008 to June 2009 with reference to its pollution status. It has been concluded that the water supply from this river is fit for industrial as well as irrigation purposes, but it is not safe for drinking and bathing purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None