ID: 54405
Title: Histochemical assessment of mucosubstances in pancreas of fluoridated rats
Author: Shashi A, N Sharma, M Bhardwaj and S Neetika
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Fluoride, Mucosubstances, Pancreas, Rat
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to find out cytochemical changes in mucosubstances in pancreas. Sixty Spargue Dawley albino rats were injected with 30, 45 and 75 mg NaF/kg bw/day for 36 days. The rats of control group were administered subcutaneously double distilled water 1cc/kg bw/day daily for the same period. The experimental period was divided into 4 phases at interval of 15, 22, 30 and 36 days. Animals were sacrificed from each group at 16, 23, 31 and 37 days. There was intense distribution of PAS positive mucosubstances in the acini as well as in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas of control rat. The nuclear and cell membrane of exocrine and endocrine cells stained positive for periodic schiff ' s stain. The mucosubstances in all cellular components of pancreas were highly elevated in all fluoridated groups of rats as compared to control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54404
Title: Cellulase production by Trichoderma reeset fermented in sawdust and bagasse
Author: V Guruchandran, I Priya and C Sasikumar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Trichoderma reesei, Cellulase activity, Lignocellulosics
Abstract: Sawdust and Bagasse were used as lignocellulosic substrates for the production of cellulase using Trichoderma reesei after ballmilling and pretreatment with caustic soda. From the fermentation studies, sawdust gave the best result with an enzyme activity of 0.0842 IU/mL while bagasse gave 0.0679 IU/mL respectively. The two lignocellulosics gave their maximum enzyme activities at about the twelfth hour of cultivation, suggesting that the 12th hour is the optimum time when the enzyme may be harvested.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54403
Title: Remediation of cadmium toxicity caused by EDTA and Eichhornia crassipes in the different regions of the alimentary canal of Anabas testudineus (Bloch): A scanning electron microscopic study
Author: A Bhowmick, A R Ghosh, R Banerjee, A K Mukherjee, S Pal and T Senapati
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Remediation, cadmium, EDTA, Eichhornia, alimentary canal, A testudineus
Abstract: Remediation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystem by EDTA or wetland plants like water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes is an important in the field of industrial toxicology. The present investigation demonstrates the comparative study of remediation by EDTA and Eichhornia occurred in the different regions of the alimentary canal like buccopharynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestine and rectum of an air-breathing teleost, Anabas testudineus being exposed by cadmium, cadmium -EDTA and cadmium-Eichhornia in the laboratory conditions. The mucosal surface of the buccopharynx and oesophagus are provided with number of prominent folds comprising of pentagonal and /or hexagonal stratified epithelial cells which are embraced with concentric microridges and double-ridged structures inbetween neighbouring cells. Treatment with Cd-EDTA and Cd-Eichhornia reveal that in both the cases stratified epithelial cells depict reduced lesions and less damage in microridge structures, particularly in Cd-Eicchornia treated condition the double-ridge remain intact as compared with Cd-EDTA treated tissues. Excessive mucous cells activity due to cadmium-toxication is suppressed by the plant incorporation. In stomach, cadmium toxicity causes prominent alterations in the mucosal folds, necrosis of gastric epithelium and vigorous secretion, but due to Cd-EDTA treatment the magnitude of necrosis in the SEC is very low and in case of Cd-Eichhornia treated condition gastric folds are of normal pattern of network, cellular lesions in the columnar epithelial cells are very low and very slight obliteration in the microvilli. The severe necrosis in teh absorptive CEC of the intestine along with deterioration of microvilli is prominently reflecting the cadmium toxicity. In Cd-EDTA condition, damage in microvilli is rarely observed; in Cd-Eichhornia treated condition the orientation of CEC and its microvilli is comparable to control condition. Rectal mucosal folds are highly damaged showing serious necrosis in the columnar epithelial cells due to cadmium toxicity. But in the Cd-EDTA and Cd-Eichhornia treated conditions the mucosal folds and microridges of the cells are almost intact and the changes are insignificant.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54402
Title: Evaluation of subsurface water quality by estimation of physico-chemical parameters -A case study
Author: P Srinivas, T Satya Narayana and G N Pradeep Kumar
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ground water quality, Physico-chemical parameters
Abstract: To meet the increasing water demands, reliance on groundwater has been rapidly increasing, especially in the arid and semiarid regions. Overexploitation of groundwater leads to deterioration of groundwater quality. The present study was undertaken to ascertain groundwater quality in view of the potaibility. Groundwater samples at various locations were collected and analysed for some selected physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Specific Conductance, TDS, hardness, total alkalinity, chlorides, calcium, nitrates and sulphates. Except pH, all the collected percentage of samples are above the desirable limits. Correlation coefficient among selected water quality parameters were computed. Recommendations were made to improve the groundwater quality.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54401
Title: Isolation and characterization of P-solubilizing Pseudomonas putida biotypes in two microbiological growth media (PKVS and NBRIP) from rhizosphere soils of groundnut in Tirupati
Author: K Jyothi, K Vijayalakshmi, M Surekharani, S Aruna S Haitha Devi, M Shashikanth, N D Prasanna and S K Shaheen
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: P-Solubilization, Pseudomonas putida, Microbiological growth media
Abstract: Pseudomonas putida biotypes (Ps1, Ps2, Ps3, Ps4) isolated from rhizosphere soils of ground nut plants growing in fieldsd of Tirupati, A P Phosphate solubilizing activity of Psuedomonas putida biotypes was screened in solid and liquid formulations of PKVS (Pikovskay ' s medium) and NBRIP (National Botanical Research Institutes Phosphate growth Medium) media. Identification of Pseudomonas putida biotypes depending on morphological, biochemical tests, utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources, characterization according to Bergey ' s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Vol.I. Efficient phosphate solubilizer (Ps1) was identified as Pseudomonas putida biotype A by FAME analysis (IMTECH, Chandigarh). NBRIP served as best medium for phosphate solubilization to Pseudomonas putida biotypes with maximum solubilization of inorganic phosphorus associated with drop in pH during 16th day of incubation with statistically significant results.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54400
Title: Quality evaluation of milk sold in Ajmer city, India
Author: Bharti Jain and Puja Mathur
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA Act), Total solids (TS), Solid Not Fat (SNF), Proteins, Lactose, Mineral Ash, Infrared Spectroscopy, Vendors ' Milk and Dairy Milk
Abstract: The study was aimed to evaluate the quality of milk sold by vendors and organized dairies of Ajmer city. Hundred samples of vendors ' milk were collected. Chemical analysis of milk is required to ensure that minimum compositional standards are met and milk should be free from adulterants and other contaminants. For chemical analysis Milko-Scan 133 was used to evaluate gross chemical composition of milk in terms of water, fat, solid not fat, protein and lactose. Study revealed that all the values of milk components except water were below the PFA standards. Forty one percent samples could not fulfill the standards for fat while 91 percent samples were containing SNF less than 8.5 gm percent. Seventy six percent and 96 percent samples were not fulfilling the required standards for protein and lactose respectively. Eighty one percent of samples contained added water to the milk. None of the sampels were adulterated with starch, sodium-bi-carbonate and urea. Sugar was found to be only adulterant present in two percent of raw milk samples. Milk supplied by organized dairies of Ajmer fulfilled the required standards mentioned on the milk pouch. A significant positive correlation was seen between price and fat content of milk and also between total solids and price of milk.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54399
Title: Degradation of phenolic compounds by laccase from Ganoderma lucidum
Author: S Ahamed John and A Cholarajan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Laccase, Pesticides, White-rot fungus, Canoderma lucidum
Abstract: Laccase activities were found after GLC analysis of culture liquid of mycelium extract Ganoderma lucidum grown on malt extract medium with or without inducers. These laccase enzyme (E C 1.10.3.2 paradiphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase) catalysis the oxidation and polymerization of aromatic compounds in the presence of molecular oxygen. Laccase activity in the malt extract medium had on pH 3 -4 and was stable from pH 3- 10 during 24 hours at room temperature. This enyzme had wide substrates specificity on hydroquinone, methoxy- substituted monophenols and aromatic amines. The laccase activity was found only with compounds having a redox potential lower than 0.5 mV. The highest activity was obtained with methoxy, methyl-substituted p-hydroquinone and aromatic diamines. Some activity also occurred with the aliphatic compounds 3,5 - cyclohexadiene -1, 2-diol.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54398
Title: Characterizations of culture filtrate of Piriformospora indica by HPTLC analysis
Author: U S Bagde, Ram Prasad and Ajit Varma
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Piriformospora indica, Culture filtrate, HPTLC, Carbohydrates, saponins
Abstract: Potential of symbiotic fungus P. indica cell mass for promoting growth of many medicinal and economically important plants has been documented so far. Also impact of its culture filtrate on plant growth and its essential ingredients has been reported. Present investigation was carried out to characterize culture filtrate of P.indica by HPTLC analysis to ascertain mechanism of its action on plant growth. HPTLC analysis of P. indica culture filtrate revealed that it contains carbohydrates and saponins and in addition it may contain other ingredients of interest. Plant growth promotion effect of culture filtrate may be due to production or addition of known and unknown compounds from culture filtrate. This is confirmed by quantification of microorganisms in rhizospheric soil testing of plants Helianthus annus and Aristolochia elegans treated with culture filtrate of P. indica wherein it showed maximum number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi as compared to untreated plants. Number of actinomycetes was lower, number of fungi higher and number of bacteria highest in rhizospheric soils of plants treated with P. indica culture filtrate. In the rhizosphere of A elegans treated plants population of bacteria was 2.1 x 104, fungi 2.0 x 103 and Actinomycetes 1.2 x 103 as compared t o1.5 x 104, 2.0 x 103 and 1.1 x 103 respectively in Aristolochia elegans untreated with P. indica culture filtrate. In the rhizosphere of H. annus populations of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were 3.5 x 106, 4.0 x 103 and 2.5 x 104 respectively as compared to 2.0 x 103, 2.5 x 103 and 1.5 x 103 respectively in H. annus untreated with P. indica.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54397
Title: Prophenoloxidase activity of wild and captive reared female banana shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis during first maturation
Author: M Meenakshi, M D Bindhuja, C Gopal and S M Pillai
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, proPhenoloxidase, Broodstock, Defense mechanism, Melanization
Abstract: Prophenoloxidase (proPO) is an enzyme distribution in the haemocytes, serum, trypsin and cuticle of crustaceans. Phenoloxidase activity is analyzed in the haemolymph of wild and captive (pond, Indoor reinforced polyporpylene tank (IFT) and outdoor concrete tank (OCT) reared female banana shrimp, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, during first maturation. Shrimps from all the rearing systems were eyestalk ablated and sacrificed at first maturation. A significant variation was (p<0.01) noticed between the maturation stages and the rearing systems except in late immature stage. proPO activity declined significantly (p< 0.01) in spent stage in all the systems. proPO activating system in crustaceans is involved in non-self recognition of polysaccharides and is influenced by different habitats.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54396
Title: Evaluation of media composition on the production of "C-phycocyanin" from Spirulina platensis grown in Sivakasi and it ' s antioxidant potential
Author: R Mala, V Karthick, P Sakthiselvan, M Neeraja, J Suganya and S Saravanababu
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Phycocyanin, Spirulina, Zarrouks medium, Growth, Antioxidant, Egg lecithin assay, Reducing power assay
Abstract: The effects of media composition on the production of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) from the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis and the anti oxidant potential of the synthesized (C-PC) have been studied. Six treatments were divided into two groups of nutrient variation. In the first treatment group Zarrouks medium (control T1) was modified by increasing the concentration of sodium chloride (T2 and T3) and the second treatment group by decreasing the concentration of sodium nitrate (T4 to T7) in the medium. Growth of Spirulina in Zarrouks medium served as a control. Up to 120 hours of growth, Zarrouks medium (T1) showed highest growth (16.4 x 103 cells/mL) than medium stressed with 5 g/l (T2) and 7 g/l (T3) of sodium chloride (12.8 x 103 cells/mL and 15.6 x 103 cells/ml respectively). The number of cells were 38.4 x 103 in T7 and only 28.4 x 103cells /mL in T5 and 37 x 103 cells/mL was observed in T1 at 195 hours. C-Phycocyanin concentration was markedly altered with nutrient changes. On 10th day of growth the concentration of C-PC was 400 ?g/g of Spirulina in control (T1). It was significantly increased to 3300 ?g/g (T2) in media stressed with 5 g sodium chloride /l. Further increase in sodium chloride stress to 7g/L decreased the concentration of C-Phycocyanin to 512 ?g/g of Spirulina (T3). Limiting the concentration of sodium ntirate by 1.0 g/l, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/l increased the concentration of C-Phycocyanin to 420 ?g/g of Spirulina (T4), 550 ?g/g of Spirulina (T5) and 633 ?g/g of Spirulina (T6) and 600 ?g/g (T7) of Spirulina respectively. The results obtained were the mean of three replicates. The data was statistically analysed by ANOVA and the variations within the treatments were analysed by Tukey Krammer Multiple comparison test. The concentration of C-Phycocyanin in all the treatments were significantly different. Antioxidant activity of C-Phycocyanin formed from T2 showed 91.2% inhibition in egg lecithin assay, 72.3% reducing power in reducing power assay and 38.3% scavenging activity in hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Thus the study indicates that media constituents can be modified to optimize the production of C-phycocyanin.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54395
Title: Biodegradation of camex golden yellow dye using bacteria
Author: Poonam Ranga and Baljeet Singh Saharan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biodegradation, Decolourization, textile dye, textile eflfuent, golden yellow dye
Abstract: Dyes are xenobiotic compounds that make the world more beautiful through colored substances. However, the release of coloured effluent from textile industries represents a serious environmental problem and public health concern. Without adequate treatment, these dyes are stable and can remain in environment for an extended period of time. Various physico-chemical methods are being used for effluent treatment but they are highly expensive and results in large amount of sludge production. Keeping these points in mind the present investigation was planned for bioremediation of textile dye using bacteria. An aerobic bactrial isolate SPR42 (Bacillus subtilis) was able to decolourize Golden yellow 3RL (an azo dye) at a concentration of 100 mgL-1 upto 74% within 24 hrs at 370C and alkaline pH of 8.5 in static conditions. Thus, this microorganism seems to be potentially effective for biodegradation of textile dyes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54394
Title: Absorption of chloride from electroplating industry effluent using fungi
Author: M R Rajan, M Periyasamy and V Manaka Devi
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Adsorption, chloride, electroplating industry effluent and fungi
Abstract: The present study deals with the absorption of chloride from electroplating industry effluent using fungi. The electroplating industry effluent was collected from BSA, Electroplating powder coating, Jaihindpuram, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, Electrical conductivity, Total solids, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids, Hardness, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Sulphate, Chloride, Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD and Zinc were estimated. Four fungal species such as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species, Rhizobium nigricans and Tricoderma were used for absorption studies. Different concentration of fungal species (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 ml) along withthe electroplating industry effluent was incubated in a shaker for 24,48,72 and 96 hrs. The absorption capacity of chloride was found to be higher in Penicillium species followed by Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma spp. and Rhizopus nigricans.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54393
Title: In vitro evaluation of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against dermatophytes and opportunistic fungi
Author: Jayshree Das, Bijay Buragohain and R B Srivastava
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Antifungal activity, Dermatophytes, Opportunistic fungi
Abstract: The antifungal activity of different solvent extracts from Ocimum sanctum Linn leaf was evaluated against two human pathogenic dermatophytes namely Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and T. tonsurans and two opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and Trichosporon beigelii at 20, 10 and 5% concentrations. Petroleum ether extract of O. sanctum leaf exhibited broad spectrum of inhibitory activity producing the highest inhibition zone diameter of 40.0 mm in T. mentagrophytes and Trichosporon beigelii and 35.0 mm and 25.0mm inhibition zone against T. tonsurans and C. albicans respectively at 20% conc. At 10 and 5% conc. also petroleum ether extract exhibited broad spectrum of activity against all the test fungi. Chloroform extract showed activity against T. mentagrophytes and Trichosporon beigelii, exhibiting 29.0-23.0 mm and 21.5-15.5 mm inhibition zone respectively at 20 to 5% concentrations. Methanol extract was found inhibitory against T. mentagrophytes (17.0-12.0 mm inhibition zone) only. However, none of the pathogens was found to be susceptible to water extract of O sanctum leaf. Reference standard clotrimazole showed a higher degree of inhibtion when compared with O. sanctum leaf extracts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54392
Title: Fungal bioreactors in decolorization of dyeing industry effluent and phytotoxicity study against Zea mays
Author: E A Saritha, R Anand, S Suja and K Swaminathan
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dyeing Effluent, Aspergillus variecolor, Bioreactors, Zea Mays and Germination
Abstract: The phytotoxicity of the dyeing industry effluent treated with autoclaved Aspergillus variecolor in various bioreactors (stirred tank, fluidized bed and packed bed column) was tested against Zea mays (maize). The toxicity parameters studied were percent seed germination, seedling development, vigour index, percent phytoxicity and effluent tolerant index. The results revealed that the treatment in stirred tank reactors followed by sand filtration could considerably decrease the effluent toxicity and the treated effluent could be used for irrigation purposes after proper dilution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54391
Title: Study on prospective of microbial biotechnology in cotton crop (Gossipium spp)
Author: R D Dhore, S S Pande and P M Tumane
Editor: P.K.Wong, R.K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 12, No 4, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Measurement, Seasonal trends, GIS
Abstract: The country has witnessed yield stagnation despite use of increased doses of chemical fertilizers, deterioration of soil organic stock and imbalance in NPK ratio, etc. At the moment, although different microbial organisms occur in the soil habitat but their number is often inadequate to support the requirement of crop nutrients. Under these circumstances, it was the real challenge before bio-scientists to rescue the dying agriculture by investigating the alternative sustainable means. In market, ready to use biofertilizers are available in the solid state. These carrier-based bio-fertilizers are used in agriculture since the long time. For this, carrier materials like lignite, charcoal, soil or press-mud are charged by pure cultures of desired bacteria. At the moment, these biofertilizers too are very costly and beyond the buying capacity of small and marginal farmers. Secondly, the effectiveness of carrier- based bio-fertilizers which are normally available in market in a solid state has short shelf life due to the thermal sensitivity of the microorgnisms used. The user has no way to know whether the product has been stored and transported under appropriate conditions before reaching him. Hence, due to all these facts the idea of replacing present carrier-based bio-fertilizer with liquid bio-fertilizer has come up. Liquid bio-inoculants are more convenient to use as seed treatment as well as foliar sprays. In the present studies, therefore, Azotobacter Spp. inoculants have been used as liquid biofertilizer to check various stress effects. Cyst based Azotobacter were thought to be ideal for dispensing as liquid bio-inoculants. On considering the probabilities of cheapness of the process, the liquid bio-fertilizer may be advantageous to maximizing their use and utilization for the fiber yielding crop like cotton. Therefore, in the present study the microorganism Azotobacter chroococcum has been selected to formulate the liquid biofertilizer and its application on the cotton crop. Cyst initiation in Azotobacter has the ability to withstand adverse conditions of desiccation, sonic treatments, heat treatments and ultra-violet radiation, which are hardly tolerated by vegetative cells.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None