ID: 54757
Title: Impact of climatic change on microbial population of Tamirabarani river
Author: P Dhasarathan, M A Haniffa, K Geetha and V Dhanushkodi
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: microbial population, aquatic pollution, generic composition and extra cellular activity
Abstract: Climate changes influence the microbial population of Tamirabarni water when samples were studied. Bacterial population in river water collected during showed a low population during summer (50%) compared to other seasons. From the population, bacterial genera such as Bacillus (two fold), Pseudomonas (60%) and Flavobacterium (50%) were comparatively more in sample collected during summer. Gram-positive cocci (50%) microorganisms were reduced greatly iln samples due to temperature influence. In rainy seasons, extra cellular enzyme activities of bacterial strains isolated from water sample showed predominance in amylolytic (100%), lipolytic (91.6%), caseinolytic (89.5%) and gelatinolytic (66.6%). During summer, the activation of isolated bacterial strains of amylolytic and caseinolytic were reduced 50% remarkably. In the present investigation, attempts were made to findout whether the changes in the microbial population in water sample due to climatic/temperature influence could be used as bacteriological indicators of aquatic/thermal pollution?
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54756
Title: Effect of denaturants on the structure and activity of DDT-dehydrochlorinase
Author: R Latha, I M Mandappa, M S Thakur and H K Manonmani
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: dehydrochlorinase, denaturants, urea, sodium dodecyl sulphate, guanidine hydrochloride, enzyme activity
Abstract: Urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and guanidine hydrochloride (GdmCl) are often used as excellent denaturing or ' unfolding ' agents. We studied the effect of these denaturing agents on the structural changes of DDT-enzyme of Psuedomonas putida T5. There was a progressive loss in catalytic activity of DDT-dehydrochlorinase with increasing concentration of denaturants, namely urea, SDS and GdmCl. At 10 M urea, 5% SDS and 1M GdmCl, the extent of loss in enzyme activity was 98, 78 and 100% respectively. The emission spectrum of urea denatured enzyme did not show shift, but that of SDS and GdmCl treated enzyme showed very marginal shift. The secondary structure analysis of the enyzme by CD spectrum suggested a predominance of beta-structure in the untreated enzyme. Urea denatured enzyme revealed complete loss of alpha-helix and there was substantial reduction in beta sheets. SDS treated enyzmes showed increase in alpha - helix, turns and random structure. However, there was a marginal loss in beta sheets. GdmCl treated enzyme showed complete absence of alpha-helix compared to the control enxyme. The beta-sheets were also reduced and the number of turns increased. The effects of GdmCl were almost similar to that of urea as observed in CD spectrum. The urea polyacrylamide gel showed only one band whereas SDS-polyacrylamide gel showed closely moving two bands.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54755
Title: A case study on dental fluorosis in Uthangarai taluk, Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: S Malar, S Karuppannan, M Krishnaveni and S Venkateswaran
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Dental fluorosis, fluoride, school children, Uthangarai
Abstract: India has increased incidence of fluorosis especially Dental and Skeletal. Overall some 62 million people are at risk. Oral health investigation for students of classes V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X were conducted in Government scholls of selected villages in Uthangarai Taluk. Students tooth were characterized like chalked for discoloration, blackness, softened and chalky white appearance. Hence remediation is necessary to some extent to alleviate the side effects. The percentage of students affected with dental fluorosis was found to be 51.11% in Thiruvanapatti and 85.34% in Nochipaat. Fluorosis affecting 67.37% of students depicts the present scenario of high fluoride level in drinking water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54754
Title: Biotechnological advances and its applications
Author: Sadaf Ahmad and Ahmad Ashfaq
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: food biotechnology, enzymes, fermentation
Abstract: Biotechnology includes a wide range of diverse technologies and they may be applied in each of the different food and agriculture sectors. It includes technologies such as gene modification (manipulation) and transfer, the use of molecular markers; development of recombinant vaccines and DNA-based methods of disease characterisation/diagnosis; in-vitro vegetative propagation of plants; embryo transfer and other reproductive technologies in animals. These techniques are effectively used to process the raw food materials produced by the crop, fishery and livestock sectors. In the food processing sector, biotechnology targets the selection and improvement of microorganisms with the objectives of improving process control, yields and efficiency as well as the quality, nutritional value, safety and consistency of bio-processed products. It also offers many ways to improve the natural flavours and colours, new production aids, such as enzymes and emulsifiers; improved starter cultures; more waste treatment options; ' greener ' manufacturing processes; more options for assessing foof safety during the process; and even biodegradable plastic wrap that kills bacteria. This paper dicusses the present and future applications of biotechnology which will continue to affect the food inustry by providing new products, lowering costs and improving the microbial processes on which food producers have long relied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54753
Title: Enhanced growth of andrographis paniculata in presence of Vam fungi and soil amended with vermicompost
Author: C Nirmala and T Vijaya
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizae, Vermicompost, Andrographis paniculata
Abstract: The present investigation thus, indicates possibility of increasing biomass production through inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum in soil amended with vermicompost. Based on the results obtained in the present study the amendment of vermicompost to the potting media and inoculation of VAM is recommended for the cultivation of A. paniculata to meet the pharmaceutical demand.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54752
Title: Phytoremediation of synthetic textile dyes
Author: S Anjana and V Salom Gnana Thanga
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Phytoremediation, Eichhornia sp., Salvinia sp, pistia sp, textile dye effluent
Abstract: Synthetic dyes such as direct congo red, direct dark blue 6B, direct black H/Y concentrate and textile effluent were treated with Eichhornia sp., Salvinia sp and Pistia sp., for a period of 12 days. The parameters of investigated initial and final dye concentration, pH, conductivity, BOD, COD and TDS and plant characteristics such as protein content, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll content. Maximum decolourisation of the dyes was shown by Eichhornia sp. followed by Salvinia sp; and Pista sp.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54751
Title: Antagonistic activity of siderophores produced by pseudomonas stutzeri (EGB3) isolated from the gut f Eisenia foetida
Author: N D Prasanna, K Vijayalakshmi, G Revathi, K Pavan Jyotsana, S.K. Shaheen and P Devika
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Pseudomonas stutzeri, Siderophore, Antibiosis, Eisenia foetida
Abstract: Pseudomonas stutzeri was isolated from earthworm (Eisenia foetida) gut found to produce extracellular siderophores when grown in succinic acid medium under iron deficiency. The siderophores were found to be pyochelin type. These siderophores were antagonistic to plant pathogenic fungi like Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F moniliformae, F. udum, Macrophomena phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichumcapsicii, Aspergillus flavus and A niger.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54750
Title: Microbial degradation of dyes from textile industry, Thirupur town, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: N Mathiyazhagani, G Manikandan and D Natarajan
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Textile effluent, Microbial degradation, Dyes, Decolourization
Abstract: Textile effluents containing dyes, which are usually discharged into aquatic ecosystems with or without processing will pollute the environment. Improper disposal methods and inadequate control of toxic and effluents from different industries have made the water resources unfit for drinking or for other domestic purposes. The use of bioremediation technique is a less expensive and attractive alternate to physiochemical means of managing the ecosystems. Microorganisms found in the natural habitat constantly exposed to the dyes can be exploited to achieve biological decolourization. The decolourization of textile effluents and dyes (namely Direct Brilliant Violet and Direct Greenish Blue) were carried out using Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma virie and Aspergillus niger. Decolourization percentage and dye bound to the mycelium wee calculated by measuring the absorbance using Spectronic-20. The growth was measured by calculating the biomass. The known concentration of dyes (0.0025%) was observed to be edfective in decolourization. The textile effluents was decolourized effectively when inoculated wtih pregrown mycelium of Aspergillus niger. The overall results highlight of three fungal isolates, the Aspergillus niger effectively decolourized 90% of dyes at a concentration of 0.0025%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54749
Title: Pathomorphological studies of small intestine in experimental broilers during aflatoxicosis
Author: D Srinivasa Rao and V V Vardhani
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, VOl 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Pathomorphology, small intestine, broilers, aflatoxin B1
Abstract: In the present study, two week (220-230 gm wt) old broilers were used to investigate the influence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on pathomorphology of small intestine. Two experimental groups were tested with AFB1-A (0.25ng/bird) and B (0.5 ng/bird). Another control group (C) was used in the present study. Controls and experimental animals were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 8 and 11 of experimental period and pieces of duodenum jejunum and ileum were collected, processed, sectioned (5 to 6?) and stained by H & E method for histopathological study. Marked pathological changes were observed in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of treated animals from day 1 to 11 of experimental period.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54748
Title: Determination of blood ethanol in oreochromis mossambicus (Peters): Studies using gas chromatography
Author: Smitha V Bhanu and Babu Philip
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, VOl 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Oreochromis mossambicus, blood ethanol, gas chromatography, ANOVA
Abstract: The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of ethanol in the blood samples of O. mossambicus using external calibration method. The method involves direct injection of the blood sample under splitless mode into the gas chromatograph, without any pretreatment. Any sort of contamination of the gas chromatographic column was prevented by using glass liner in the injector. This liner, which acted as a precolumn, was partly filled with small glass beads. Injection was performed in between the glass beads. This injection technique between glass beads allows direct injection of the sample volume without disturbing the gas chromatographic separation. GC-Varian CP 3800 gas chromatograph (GC-Varian CP 3800), equipped with a Flame ionization detector was employed for this. This method is considered to be rapid, accurate and sensitive.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54747
Title: Potentiality of endophytic fungi of Justicia wayanadensis as bioagent against Rhizoctonia solani
Author: A K Vinu and M Jayashankara
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, VOl 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Endophyte, collar tor, Antagonism, Justicia wayanadensis
Abstract: Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves fo Justicia wayanadensis, a medicinal shrub; indigenous to Kodagu. They are Penicillium adametzi, Geomithia sp, Penicillium chrysogenum, Gliocladium sp, Cladosprium sp and two sterile sp. Four of the isolates which were active in growth on YEMA media were selected for the antagonistic test against Rhizoctonia solani, the most common collar rot pathogen of Coffee seedlings. The isolates have shown good inhibtion towards the pathogen by peventing growth against the endopyte showing clear zone. The isolate Gliocladium sp showed maximum inhibition percentage (80%) followed by Penicillium adametzi (73.3%) and P. chrysogenum (71.1%).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54746
Title: Quality assessment of drinking water produced by some food and beverage industries in Southern Nigeria
Author: P O Okolo, D E Ikumu, and H A Akinnibosun
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, VOl 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Potable water, assessment, drinking water, Southern Nigeria
Abstract: Qualityassurance tests of potable water produced and packaged by major companies classified under food and beverage industries in Southern Nigeria, were carried out based on the standard parameters. These parameters are generally classified into physical, chemcial and microbiological tests. Physical tests include colour, odour, taste, temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved solids (DS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and others; chemical tests include alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), residual chlorine, sulphate, nitrate, cyanide, ammonia, copper, lead, arsenic, zinc and others; while microbiological tests involve coliform counts and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Results, juxtaposed against the national and international water quality standards such as WHO, EU, NAFDAC (National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control - Nigeria) and FEPA (Federal Environmental protection Agency - US and Nigeria) , revealed safe quality for these potable water. The results of ANOVA generally shows no significant differences in temperature, pH, conductivity, TSS, DO, chloride, nitrate, calcium, zinc, copper and sulphate, but significant differences exist in colour, TDS, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity and chemical oxygen demand among the cities investigated during the period covered.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54745
Title: Identification of dorsal guard hairs of five species of the family Cercopithecidae (Primates:Mammalia)
Author: Paramita Saha Sarkar, Joy Krishna De adn Chanchal Kumar Manna
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 100, No 11, 10 June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Dorsal guard hair, identification key, primates, tricho-taxonomy, wildlife management
Abstract: Mammalian hairs have certain advantages from the viewpoint of taxonomy and systematics. Consequently, tricho-taxonomic studies of different mammalian species have been carried out by many workers. But scanty information is available in India ragarding the tricho-taxonomic study of species belonging to Order Primates. The main objective of the present study is to develop an identification key to identify the species on the basis of the study of their hairs. This study may help agencies engaged in controllling illegal trade of wildlife and its derivatives towards better management of wildlife. Dorsal guard hairs of five species belonging to the sub-family Colobinae, family Cercopithecidae have been studied. The key has been prepared on the basis of a combination of characters, viz. transverse section, medullary configuration, cuticular structures and measurements.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54744
Title: Establishment of missing stream ink between the Markanda river and the Vedic Sraswati river in Haryana, India-geoelectrical resistivity approach
Author: K S Kshetrimayum and V N Bajpai
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 100, No 11, 10 June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Aquifer, geoelectrical resistivity surveys, sand channels, stream link
Abstract: A missing stream link between the Markanda river and the Vedic Saraswati river in the plants of northern Haryana has been established based on geoelectrical resistivity surveys. The study revealed extensive buried sand channels composed of coarse sand with gravel and find sand. The average thickness of coarse sand with gravel aquifer horizon was about 90 m and has been identified at a depth between 10 and 100m. The fine sand horizon was observed beyond a depth of about 45m. These sand bodies are extended laterally for a distnce of about 12 km in the northeast to southwest direction connecting the Markanda river and the Vedic Saraswati river. The transverse resistance values of these buried channels (7392- 7585 ?m2 for coarse sand with gravel, and 384-2856 ?m2 for find sand) indicate good groundwater potential. The age of these buried sand bodies belongs to the Late Harappan period, as evident from different archaeological sites found in and around the survey area. Thus, the present study reveals that once the Markanda basin was a part of the Vedic Saraswati river system, and one of the headwaters of the once celebrated Vedic Saraswati river can be identified as the present Markanda river.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54743
Title: A record of lake outburst in the Indus valley of Ladakh Himalaya, India
Author: S J Sangode, N R Phadtare, D C Meshram, S Rawat and N Suresh
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 100, No 11, 10 June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Liquefaction, outburst, paleolake, seismites
Abstract: We report here a paleolake record of outburst discovered at ~3245 m asl in the Spituk-Leh valley of the Indus river, Ladakh Himalaya. The >55 m thick sediment package is displayed by megascopic (metre scale) and intense injective liquefactions, slumping and gliding of the lake beds, and mega-scouring by gravelly outflow with enclaves of dry lake beds. The combination of liquefaction, scouring and slumping is elaborated here as a consequence of increased hydrostatic compression producing liquefaction followed by instantaneous release of stresses due to breaching resulting into scouring, gravity sliding, collapse and more liquefaction. The episode ended with re-adjustment faults (normal faulting) and gliding of dry lake beds towards the valley floor. The unusually larger magnitudes of liquefaction structures indicate greater time available to develop them relative to that of seismites in this region. The unique geomorphic setting for the lake site in the river valley further infers the susceptibility of the Indus river to damming and outbursts in teh Spituk-Leh valley that is possible during climatic oscillations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None