ID: 54772
Title: Histological alterations in the gills of freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis exposed to sub-lethal concentration of an organophosphorus insecticide, chlorpyrifos
Author: A Stalin, M Saiyad Musthafa and B Amanullah
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Lamellidens marginalis, Chlorpyrifos, histology
Abstract: In the present study the fresh water mussel Lamellidens marginalis ws exposed to sub-lethal concentration (5 ppm) of an organophosphorus insecticide, chlorpyrifos for 30 days. Mussel gill cells are attractive models in ecotoxicological studies because gills are the first uptake site for many toxicants in the aquatic environment; gill cells are thus often affected by exposure to pollutants. The gills of the mussels were dissected out and processed for light microscopy studies. Chlorpyrifos exposed mussels were found to result in several alterations in the histoarchitecture of gills. The alterations included: the bulging of primary filament gill tips, curling of secondary filament, fusion of gill lamellae, hyperplasia, necrotic and clavate-globate lamella of the gills. The results suggest that the gills of mussels exposed to chorpyrifos were structurally altered. Such alterations could affect vital physiological functions, such as respiration, nutrient uptake and ionic regulation of the gills, which turn could ultimately affect the growth and survival of Lamellidens marginalis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54771
Title: Background heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn) in Modiolus sp. collected from the coast waters of peninsular Malaysia: A preliminary study
Author: C K Yap, E Y J NG, W H Kwai and Y Hatta
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Modiolus sp, Heavy metals, coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia
Abstract: The heavy metal concentrations in little black mussel Modiolus sp have not been previously reported from Malaysia. In this study, the mussel species is widely distributed the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia and this mussel are found in Pantai Sri Tujuh [Kelantan], K. Kedah [Kedah], Kg. Sg. Berembang, Kg. Sg. Baru and Kuala Perlis [Perlis], and Bagan Tiang [Perak], Jeram and Sg. Janggut [Selangor]. From the 12 mussel populations collected in this study, the ranges of the metal concentrations (?g/g dry weight) in the total soft tissues and shells were 2.24-6.73 and 4.15-9.53 for Cd, 10.02-31.94 and 6.28-10.17 for Cu, 1.35-49.38 and 22.22-48.45 for Ni, 4.75-56.27 and 54.86-112.31 for Pb, 598-5582 and 158-544 for Fe, and 43.8-162 and 1.50-25.4 for Zn. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the metal concentrations of Modiolus sp collected from the coastal waters of Peninsular Malaysia. The present data are important for future ecotoxicological, genetic biochemical and molecular studies in establishing this marine mussel as a good biomonitor.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54770
Title: Ephemeropteran assemblage as indicators of the water quality status of a tropical river in Nigeria
Author: Michael Omoigberale and Rotimi Johnny
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Ephemeroptera, diversity, Ikpoba river, water quality, biomonitoring
Abstract: The Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) community in a stretch of Ikpoba river, Edo state, Nigeria, was investigated at five distinct stations over a 6-months period. Nine taxa belonging to four families were encountered in this study. The most dominant taxa were Baetis bicaudatus (27.65%), Cloeon bellum (20.21%) and Centroptilum sp (16.10%). The overall abundance was significantly different (p<0.05) among the study stations. A Posteriori Duncan Multiple Range (DMR) test showed that abundance was significantly higher (p<0.05) in stations 1,2 and 3 than stations 4 and 5. The diversity indices showed that taxa richness, Shannon diversity and eveness were lowest in impacted stations 4 and 5. The macrophyte-rich stations 1, 2 and 3 water were clean and unpolluted compared to stations 4 and 5.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54769
Title: The effect of heavy metals on the gastrointestinal microflora (GIM) of Metapenaus monoceros and Fenneropenaeus indicus
Author: A Patil Balkrishna
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Prawns, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bacteria, heavy metals (HM)
Abstract: The toxic effect of HM mixtures (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Fe) was investigated on microorganisms of GI tract of M. monoceros and F. indicus. The results indicated that the mixtures of HM have an injurious effect on the qualitative and quantitative composition of bacteriocenosis in the GI tract of M. monoceros and F. indicus towards decrease of their numbers. Viable counts of bacteria decreases in the GI tract after exposure to the individual mixture. Under its influence the qualitative composition of bactericenosis in the GI tract undergone change percentage ratio of starch-hydrolysing bacteria increased in the GI tract of investigated prawns. The protolytic bacteria were very sensitive to the HM mixture are observed. The mixture reduced the diversity of bacteria in the GI tract of prawn. The bacterial population of the genera flavobacterium, micrococcus and of the family Enterbacteriaceae disappeared from the bacteriocenosis of the GI tract.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54768
Title: None
Author: G Revathi, P Suvarnalatha Devi, N D Prasanna, P Jayalakshmi, S K Shaheen and B R Naik
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Cadmium, RBC, WBC, Hemoglobin, Haematocrit
Abstract: Cadmium is designed as " The dissipated element" because of its potential for uncontrolled widespread introduction into the environment (Fulkerson et al. , 1973). Cadmium toxicity depends on the dose, the route of administration , and duration of exposure. Cadmium causes renal failure by tubular and glomerular damages in kidney. This changes effects the alterations in RBC, WBC, Haematocrit and hemoglobin. The sub cutaneous injection of Wistar rats with 16?M Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) leads to the significant increase levels of RBC (F=123.61), WBC (F=99.78), Haematocrit (F = 248.33) and hemoglobin (10.871). The alterations in the blood indicate the hematotoxicity of cadmium.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54767
Title: Reclamation and reuse of wastewater for agricultural purposes
Author: Farha Iqbal, Ahmad Ashfaq, Huma Naz
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Reclamation and reuse, wastewater, yield, irrigation
Abstract: The lack of water resources has encouraged the researchers to use non ordinary waters including salinity water, municipal and industrial wastewater. Disposal of sewage wastewater is a problem of increasing importance throughout the world. Both the need to conserve water and to safe and economically dispose it, makes the use of wastewater in agriculture a very feasible option. Furthermore, wastewater reuse may reduce fertilizer rates and provide low cost sources of irrigation water. Positive use of this new huge resource in agricutlure may increase cultivate land, yield and also may decrease the environmental pollution. The advantages of the use of sewage as irrigation water and liquid fertilizer are presented and discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54766
Title: Antilisterial activity of partially purified nisin obtained from Lactococcus lactis
Author: Rubina Lawrence, Shakti Dhar Shukla and Ebenezer Jeyakumar
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Nisin, antimicrobial peptide, Lactococcus lactis, Listeria spp
Abstract: Nisin is an antimicrobial polypeptide produced by lactococcus lactis and has been used internationally as a food preservative. However, purified nisin has become quite expensive in the current marketplace. Therefore, the study is directed to isolate Lactococcus lactis from raw milk and to produce nisin. Two multi-drug resistant strains of L. lactis isolated in the present study were grown in four different media (MRS broth, Complex medium, BHI +3% yeast extract medium and Skimmed milk medium ) to produce nisin. Samples of nisin from these media were partially purified by employing 60% ammonium sulfate saturation and dialyzed through a membrane with a cut-off of 10,000 Da. The inbitory effect of nisin on Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria ivanovii and Listeria grayi was studied by agar well diffusion assay. Nisin showed a significant inhibition against Listeria spp. tested. Nisin thus produced by L. lactis could be used as food preservative or the producer strain could be used as the strater culture in fermentation to inhibit the growth of Listeria spp., especially Listeria monocytogenes, which enters through post pasteurization contamination.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54765
Title: Micropropagation of a medicinal plant - Aloe vera
Author: Swapnil Shevate adn Aniruddha Pawar
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: xerophytic, vegetative, proliferation, BAP, NAA, IBA, IAA
Abstract: Aloe vera is a semi tropical plant. It is a xerophytic medicinal plant and used worldwide in drug and cosmetic industry. Although, Aloe propagates vegetatively in its natural state, but production rate of aloe leaves in insufficient to meet demand of high quality planting material for commercial cultivation,. A Micro propagation method has been developed using shoot tip explants in Aloe vera. Shoot proliferation was initiated on MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP ranging from 0.5 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L. Maximum shoot proliferation was achieved on medium containing BAP 1.0 mg/L within 25 days of culture. In case of rooting, MS medium conaining NAA, IBA, IAA at different concentrations were used ranging from 0.1 mg/L to 2.0 mg/L. Combinations were also tried, MS medium containing NAA+IBA, NAA + IAA by varying concentrations of IBA, IAA (0.2 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L) witlh NAA as constant value of 0.2 mg/L. Optimum rooting was observed at 0.2 mg/L NAA. After transplanting the 45 days old rooted plants into various combinations of soil, survival rate was higher for sand+cocopit+soil (1:1:2) and no of roots obtained were highest for sand + vermicompost + soil. Regenerated plants after hardening were transferred to soil and they showed 85% survival. The regenerated plants were morphologically similar to the mother plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54764
Title: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals using microalgae
Author: Oghenemise Abirhire and Medina O Kadiri
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Algae, Bioaccumulation, heavy metals
Abstract: A study on the bioaccumulation of zinc, iron, copper, cadmium and aluminium by Chlorella vulgaris, Phacus curvicauda, Euglena acus and Oscillatoria bornettia was carried out for four weeks in the laboratory. There were highly significnat correlations for some metals between concentrations in the algae and water; The concentration of Al in Phacus was significantly correlated to that in water; Fe, Cu and Al concentrations in Chlorella were significantly correlated to their concentrations present in water respectively; Fe concentration in Euglena was also significantly correlated to that in water while Fe and Cd concentrations in Oscillatoria were significantly correlated to their concentrations present in water. Although, others had negative correlation coefficients but they were not signficant (at p<0.05). A metal concentration factor was calcualted for quantifying the metal removal potential of the test algae. Oscillatoria had the highest metal concentration factors for Zn (0.306), Fe (0.302), Cu (091) and Cd (0.276) while Phacus curvicauda and Euglena acus had the same and highest value for Al (0.439).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54763
Title: Antifungal activity of some selected plant extracts, Nigeria
Author: M V Agah, E Nweze, O Nworie and C D Nwani
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Antifungal, extracts, Exophiala dermatitidis, Candida albican, MIC, activity
Abstract: The antifungal activity of the aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of Carica papaya and Vernonia amygdalina dried leaves against pure culture of Exophiala dermatitidis, Candida albica and Cryptococcus neoformans were studied. The growth of the organisms as determined by the agar well diffusion method, were inhibited by the aqueous extracts of the Allium sativum, The methanolic and ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Carica papaya and Vernonia amygdalina, how-ever, did not elicit visible inhibitory activity agianst the three test organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the aqueous extracts of Allium sativum on the organisms is 0.5 gm/L. This result suggests that aqueous extracts of Allium sativum may contain ingredients with therapeutic ativity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54762
Title: Bacteriological assessment of Dori and Madikoppa, tanks in Alnavar, Dharwad taluq/district, India
Author: Hemalatha, Bhavimani, E T Puttaiah and S G Joshi
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: MPN Test, bacteriological, bacteria, microbiological, consumption, recreational
Abstract: The aim of the study is to assess the water quality for drinking purpose in selected ponds at Dharwad Taluq by carrying out MPN Test. MPN Test is a bacteriological water analysis. It is a method of analyzing water to estimate the number of coliform bacteria present and if needed to find out what sort of bacteria they are. A comprehensive study of (MPN) Test is carried out in two selected ponds of Alnavar Taluq from June, 2006 to June, 2007. By performing this test, it is then possible to draw inferences about suitability of water for safe human consumption or that for Most Probable Number (MPN) bathing and for recreational purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54761
Title: Analysis of cadmium in cancerous wistar rats by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)
Author: G Revathi, P Suvarnalatha Devi N D Prasanna, P Jayalakshmi, S K Shaheen adn B R Naik
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Cadmium chloride, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), Wistar rats
Abstract: Cadmium is a heaby metal which occurs in the naure in the form of various inorganic compounds and as complexes along with naturally occurring chelating agents. Heavy metals which are released by industries are immutable and non-biodegradable in nature. Among them, Cadmium is one of the heavy metal which is used extensively in batteries, coating, electroplating and alloys. Although some cadmium-containg products can be recycled, a large share of the general cadmium pollution is caused by dumping and incineraton of cadmium containing wastes. Cadmium is not only industrial pollutant but also found in ores with zinc, copper, and lead. 120 Male Wistar rats and divided in to two groups 10 animals as control Wistar rats (CWR) and the other 110 animals as cadmium chloride induced rats (CDIR). CWR group rats were received normal saline and the CDIR group received cadmium chloride (10?M). After administration of 10 doses in 10 weeks, i.e., the total dose of the cadmium chloride chloride reaches to 100?M. After 10 injections of cadmium chloride the tissues were collected by sacrificing teh animal by cervical dislocaion procedure and the cadmium concentration was estimated by using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and it was observed in the order of Kidney>Testis>Pancreas>Spleen>Liver.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54760
Title: Degradation studies on paper and pulp mill effluents using Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Author: V Saritha, Y Avash Maruthi, K Mukkanti, Abhilasha Namdeo and Anusha Dakey
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Biodegradation, P. chrsosporium, Lignin, Phenol
Abstract: The decolorizing and degradation ability of the fungus P. chrsosporium was tested under two dilutions. The CO2 release has increased gradually owing to the degradation; it showed maximum on the 15th day. The fungus has shown 65 and 62% BOD reduction in treatments 1 & 2 respectively. Cellulose degradation was observed to be maximum in treatment 2 (61.9%). Phenol degradation was observed to be maximum in treatment 2 (76.6%). It can be concluded that the fungus showed equal efficiency in both treatments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54759
Title: Impact of different organic and bio-fertilizers on seedlings growth at nursery stage
Author: Ch Bhavannarayana, K Sarala and V Saritha
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Biofertilizers, Phyllanthus emblica, Seyzigium cuminii, Rauwolfia serpentina
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Regional Research Centre, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India to study the effect of bio-fertilizers on the growth of the seedlings in nursery stage. The results show the growth has been found to be increased. Among all the applied biofertilizers, vermicompost has shown the best result as growth in the plants and Phyllanthus emblica has shown the best growth result with all the treatments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54758
Title: Antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica leaves on Salmonella typhi
Author: P Selvamaleeswaran, T Prema Kumar, M Sureshkumar, E G Wesely and N Selvan
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment Sciences
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Azadirachta indica, Salmonella typhi
Abstract: In the present investigation the evaluation of antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica has been evaluated against gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi using disc diffusion method. Bioassays for antibacterial activity were carried out using leaves of Azadirachta indica plant. Crude Chloroform, Acetone, petroleum ether, Iso proponal and Benzene extracts from leaves fo Azadirachta indica and tested against gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhii. Both the five extracts showed considerable activity against the test organism while benzene extracts of leaves exhibited a superior level of antibacterial activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None