ID: 54967
Title: Mycobiota and their relative percent incidence on freshly harvested brinjal seeds (Solanum melongena L) produced in Karnataka
Author: K M Jayaramaiah and G R Janardhana
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mycobiota, percent incidence, Solanum melongena, Standard blotter method
Abstract: Ten different freshly harvested Brinjal seed varieties (Solanum melongena L.) commonly produced in different districts of Karnataka were collected and screened for extent of mycobiota and their percent incidence by using standard blotter method. The seed health testing method reveald, at least 41 different species of fungi belonging to 22 genera. The dominant disease causing mycobiota recorded on popular varieties of brinjal include species of Alternaria, Bipolaris, Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phoma and Phomopsis respectively. The high incidence of mycoflora was responsible for reduced seed germination as evident from low percent seed germination.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54966
Title: Influence of Bioinoculants on the growth of Gliricidia maculata in nursery conditions
Author: Pavan Kumar Pindi
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: A M Fungi, nurseries, Gliricidia maculata
Abstract: Gliricidia is a small genus of trees and shrubs and native of tropical America. G maculata is widely cultivated in the tropics as a shade and ornamental tree. Studies on influence of bioinoculants on growth of Gliricidia maculata tree species responded positively towards the different inoculations. However, the response varied with the type of bioinoculant. Dual inoculations of mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium have shown better results than the other types. Dual inoculation involving mycorrhizae and Azotobacter, Rhizobium and PSB performed better than single inoculations of mycorrhizae. A mixture of mycorrhizae appears to be better inoculum than the individual A M fungi. A M fungal species varied in their efficiency in supporting the seedling growth. They further suggested that mixed inoculum might be used more efficiently than single inoculum for field inoculations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54965
Title: Evaluation of termite mound soil for antiviral property with particular mound soil for antiviral property with particular reference to measles and mumps
Author: A Yogamoorthi and Y Valentina
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Termite mound, soil , antiviral, cytotoxicity, MTT assay, measeles, mumps
Abstract: Aquous and ethanol extracts of termite mound soil are evaluated for antiviral property using cell viability assay, antiviral assay, MTT assay and cytotoxicity assay. The results revealed that both extracts showed higher level of antiviral property to the tune of 1:256 dilution and highest activity towards measles when compared to its standard. The reason for such pharmacological bioactivity of the soil is discussed with previous reports.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54964
Title: Anti bacterial effect of selected medicinal plant extracts on strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from sewage water, Visakhapatnam, India
Author: P V D Soujanya Kumari and A Balakrishna
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Medicinal plant extracts, enterobacteriaceae, sensitivity, resistance and violet red bile glucose agar
Abstract: The anti microbial activity of leaf and bark extracts prepared from 5 medicinally important plants like Terminalia alata, Dillenia pentagyna, Xylia xylocorpa, Pterocorpus marsupium and Lannea coromondelica were tested against 22 isolates belonging to the family Enterobaceriaceae by using agar diffusion method. The strains were isolated from sewage sample, collected from sewage treatment plant, Visakhapatnam, by using modified selective VRBG (Violet Red Bile Glucose) agar medium,which allows the recovery of all members of Enterbacteriaceae. The crude extracts prepared from methanol showed zone of inhibition ranging from 0.1 mm - 15 mm. The leaf of Terminalia alata was capable of inhibiting maximum number (68%) of strains. The bark extract of Lannnea coromandelica and leaf extract of Dillenia pentagyna were capable of inhibiting 22% & 13% of the strains. The other two extracts were not showing any antibacterial activity. The result indicates that the leaf extract of Terminalia alata possessed potentia antimicrobial against Enteric strains.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54963
Title: Detection of microbial contamination in foods with advanced techniques
Author: Sadaf Ahmad and Ahmad Ashfaq
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Food contamination, microbes, foreign material, detection techniques
Abstract: The presence of contaminants in food is of major concern to the producer. Mechanical serparation techniques have been used for many years for finding foreign bodies in powdered and flowing products on the basis of size and weight. Optical inspection techniques extend the range of detectable foreign objects with regard to shape and colour in free-flowing materials. Metal detectors enable metallic particle inside the body of a product to be found. With advances in sensor technologies and computing power, more advanced detection systems are becoming available. This paper summarizes the types of food contaminants and approaches to food quality assurance with respect to microbes and foreign body detection.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54962
Title: Antioxidant activity and antioxidant phytochemical analysis of mangrove species Sonneratia alba and Bruguiera cylindrica
Author: Poonam Gawali and B L Jadhav
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mangroves, ROS, DPPH, Reducing power, Scavenging activity
Abstract: The antioxidant activity and antioxidant phytochemicals in the stem and leaves of S. alba and B. cylindrica species of Mumbai coast were studied. Present results have confirmed scavenging free radicals potentials of B. cylindrica and S. alba. IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activity of stem and leaves of S. alba was 62.5 and 87.5 ?g/mL while for B. cylindrica it was 162.5 and 175 ?g/mL respectively. The reducing power of all the extract of both the plant increased dose-dependently in which S. alba showed higher reducing power. Among the antioxidant phytochemicals both the plant revealed presence of flavonoids, tannis, triterpenes, anthraquinones, alkaloids and saponins.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54961
Title: Preliminary phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn
Author: S Ahmed John and B Tamil Marai Selvi
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Sphaeranthus indicus, plant extract, phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, agar diffusion
Abstract: Leaves, stem and roots of S. indicus were extracted separately with methanol, ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and hot water and the extracts were screened for its phytochemical constituents. The plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, aminoacids, monosaccharides and reducing sugar. Leaves extracts showed significant amount of phytochemicals and hence antimicrobial studies of leaves extracts were carried out against bacterial species like Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Klebsiella sp, E. coli, Pseudomonas sp using filter paper and agar well diffusion method at 4 different concentrations. Aqueous extract showed the highest inhibitory effect compared to all other extracts and it showed good inhibitory activity against Bacillus sp followed by Staphylococcus sp. The gram positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than gram negative bacteria. Antifungal activity of methanol and ethanol extracts were tested against Penicillum sp and Aspergillus sp and the growth was found to be decreased with increasing concentration of the extracts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54960
Title: Development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of glyphosate in water samples using avian antibodies
Author: A Arul Selvi, M A Sreenivasa and H K Manonmani
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: ELISA, avian antibodies (IgY), detection of glyphosate, cross reactivity, food samples, specificity
Abstract: A simple competitive immunoassay was developed for the measurement of glyphosate in water samples. The assay employed the avian antibodies (IgY) that recognized glyphosate as a capture reagent and glyphosate-alkaline phosphatase conjugate as an enzyme label. The assay depended on the competitive binding reaction between the antiglyphosate antibody and glyphosate derived from water samples for binding sites with immobilized glyphosate -OVA conjugate. The concentration of glyphosate in the water samples was quantified by the ability of the pesticide present in water samples to inhibit the binding of the enzyme conjugate to the antibody and subsequently the colour formation in the assay. The assay was specific to glyphosate with a limit of detection of 2 ng/mL. Mean analytical recovery of glyphosate in different water samples was 42.97 to 160.00%. The precision of the assay was satisfactory. Coefficients of variation were 0.002 to 1.24 and 0.055 to 1.41% for intra and inter assay precision respectively. The assay compared favourably with HPLC in its ability to accurately measure glyphosate in the water samples.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54959
Title: Mercury concentrations in the different soft tissues and byssus of Perna viridis (L.) collected from the west coast of peninsular Malaysia
Author: C K Yap, A Ismail and S G Tan
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Perna viridis, Hg, west coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Abstract: Green-lipped mussel Perna viridis collected between 1999-2000 from 7 geographical sites from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were dissected into mantle, foot, gill, crystalline style, muscle, gonad and byssus. All the 6 differetn soft tissues and byssus were analyzed for elemental Hg by using a Hg Analyzer Model MA-1S. When compared to food safety guidelines, the concentrations of Hg in all the different soft tissues of mussels were below typical public health recommended limits. Therefore, the consumption of P. viridis from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia is not a health hazard as far as contamination by Hg is concerned. It was also found that tissue distributions of Hg is similar to Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn although their concentrations are different from metal to another and from one tissue to another. It is recommended that future studies are much needed to monitor the metal contamination in the coastal waters potentially receiving anthropogenic inputs of heavy metals.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54958
Title: The effects of ambient water temperature on Erythropoiesis and plasma glucose levels in the African catfish, Clarias lazera (Burchell)
Author: Okafor. A I
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ambient water temperature, glucose level, erythrocytes
Abstract: The influence of water temperature on erythropoiesis and plasma glucose levels in the African catfish, Clarias lazera (Burchell) was investigated. Adult healthy specimens of the African catfish. Clarias lazera (mean weight 264.3 g; mean length 24.5 cm) procured from Oguta lake at Oguta in Imo State, Nigeria were subjected to varied water temperatures: 100C, 150C, 200C, 250C, 300C and 350C. The results established that increase in ambient water temperature had a significant positive linear relationship with polycythaemia, hyperhaemoglobinaemia and hyperglycaemia respectively (p<0.05) temp/RBC, r = 0.9789; temp/Hb4, r = 0.9710; temp/glucose r = 0.9730; The results highlight some physiological adjustments made by C. lazera due to changes in ambient water temperatures often caused by heating of aquatic habitats by man ' s activities.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54957
Title: Blood haematocrit and pH shifts due to transfer of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens from an aquatic to a complete aerial habitat
Author: A I Okafor
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Hematocrit, pH, aerial life
Abstract: African lungfish specimens, Protopterus annectens (Owen) (mean length 37.6 cm, and mean weight 379.5 g) procured from Agulu lake, Nigeria, were exposed for one week to a complete aerial life outside water. This led to significant body weight reduction (due to dehydration) as well as significant rise in blood haematocrit (P<0.05). However there was significant reduction of blood pH (p<0.05) due to increased production of H+ which was actively transported into the extracellular fluid.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54956
Title: Antibacterial and cholesterol reducing lactic acid bacteria from silk worm (Bombyx mori) gut environment - A review
Author: P Mirelekar Bhalchandra and G R Pathade
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 2, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bombyx more, lactic acid bacteria, bacteriocins, probiotics
Abstract: The human body is colonized by an enormous population of bacteria (microbiota) that provides the host with coding capacity and metabolic activities. Among the human gut microbiota are health-promoting indigenous species (probiotic bacteria) that are commonly consumed as live dietary supplements. Recent studies are starting to provide insights into how probiotic bacteria sense and adapt to the gastrointestinal tract environment. In this Review, the application of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics using the well-recognized model probiotic bacterial genera Lactobacillus from gut of silk worm Bombyx mori has been discussed as examples. Recent researches have demonstrated that probiotics can prevent pathogen colonization of the gut and reduce the incidence or relieve the symptoms of various diseases caused by dysregulated immune responses. Therefore, probiotics, through their effects on the host immune system, might ameliorate diseases triggered by disordered immune responses. Caveats remain and , because the beneficial effects of probiotics can vary between strains, the selection of the most suitable ones will be crucial for their use in the prevention or treatment of specific diseases.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54955
Title: Net Carbon dioxide assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon and carbon isotope discrimination in eight cultivars of rice treated with fungicide baan
Author: B. Sapna, M K Mahesh and Shankar P Hosmani
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 2, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cultivars of rice, CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, carbon isotope, fungicide Bann
Abstract: Eight cultivars of rice, namely Thanu, B. R 2655, MTU 1001, MTU 1010, IR30864, IET7575, KRH2 and KMR were treated with different concentrations of the fungicide BAAN. It is a systemic fungicide used for controlling of blast disease of rice caused by Pyricularia oryzae. The main compositions of 79% sodium lauryl sulphate. The fungicide is used both for seed treatment and for foliar spray (2 g/L). Gas exchange traits such as net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductanc (gs) and intercellular carbon concentration (Ci) were measured using portable photosynthetic systems (IRGA-Infrared gas analyser LICOR-6400 and CIRAS-1). Carbon isotope discrimination was measured using isotope Ratio Mass Spectrophotometer (IRMS). The 3rd top fully expanded leaf from the apex was clamped to the leaf chamber and the observations were recorded when A, gs and Ci reached stable value. All gas exchange parameters were recorded between 9 am to 12 noon on bright sunny day. Pearson ' s correlation coefficient was measured to drive significant findings. Assimilation rates were significant in cultgivars like Thanu adn IR30864. Changes in assimilation rates were proportional to change in stomatal conductance. Cultivar Thanu had lowest rates of CID while its was significantly high in cultivar IR30864. A strong correlation exists between assimilation rate and stomatal conductance in all the cultivars studied. Incidence of disease was low during the study period. The CCA analysis helps in conferring the effects of fungicide Bean on the rice cultivars.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54954
Title: Studies on Environmental monitoring of pathogenic bacterial flora of hospital air and threat of antibiotic resistance
Author: H S Malpani and V D Nanoty
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 2, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Hospital environment, airborne pathogens, antibiotic resistance
Abstract: Hospital air quality is important determinant of health of patients. Pathogenic bacteria if present in hospital may lead to various infections. Severity of infections is increased many-fold if those bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance. Most populated 10 hospitals of Akola city were analysed for presence of bacterial pathogens in indoor and outdoor hospital air. Resistance pattern of isolated bacteria was checked against most commonly used 10 higher generation antibiotics. The most predominant bacteria isolated were Klebsiella pnenumonia (25.76%), Staphylococcus aureus (21.74%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.23%), E. coli (10.77%), E faecalis (9.08%), Proteus mirabilis (2.87%) and Proteus vulgaris (6.5%). Out of the different wards examined more number of pathogenic bacteria were found in general ward and Maternity ward. All isolates showed varied degree of antibiotic resistance. Out of the total 2014 isolates, 38 isolates have shown resistance against all the 10 used antibiotics.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54953
Title: Screening of biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from petroleum contaminated sites of Akola city
Author: Prasad M Deshmukh
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 10, No 2, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biosurfactants, surface tension, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Petroleum contaminated soil
Abstract: Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced on living cell surfaces mostly microbial cell surfaces or excreted extracellularly, and contain hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties that reduce the surface tension. Biosurfactants have wide application in microbial enhanced oil recovery, agriculture, lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Total eight biosurfactant producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from petroleum contaminated sites. The biosurfactant properties of these isolates were further confirmed by haemolysis test and measurement of surface tension by usign Troub ' s stalagnometer. The initial surface tension of medium was found to be 70 dynes/cm. The reduction of surface tension of medium was studied using enriched inorganic salt medium with 0.03% of glucose and paraffin as a sole source of carbon. The lowest surface tension of medium was found to be 38.50 dyne/cm.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None