ID: 55162
Title: Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of Neyyar river basin, Kerala
Author: R V Sheeja, Sabu Joseph and D S Jaya
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Neyyar river basin, Water quality characteristics
Abstract: The present paper deals with the monitoring of the seasonal variations of physico-chemical characteristics of Neyyar, in Thiruvananthapuram district. The study was conducted in the surface water collected from ten stations of the river basin during the period October 2006 - September 2007. From the results of the study it was found that almost all the physico-chemical attributes analysed exhibit spatial and seasonal variations. Also various anthropogenic activities in this area enhance the sodium concentration in the down stream portion of the river.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55161
Title: Impact of biodiversity on industry
Author: Papiya Deb and Madhav N Welling
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biodiversity, eco-tourism, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing industry
Abstract: Biodiversity is the variation of taxonomic life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems. Biodiversity encompasses all biological entities occurring as an interacting system in a habitat or ecosystem and plants and animals constitute a very important segment of such biological systems. Biodiversity of plants and animals collectively known as "genetic resources" is a key component of tourism, healthcare any agricultural production system; indeed, of any ecosystem, without which natural evolutionary adjustment of the system to the changing environmental and biotic conditions would be impossible. Plant and animal biodiversity is an irreplaceable resource, providing raw materials for introduction, domestication as well as improvement programmes in agriculture and forestry. Conservation and use of genetic diversity for sustainable ecosystem or agro-ecosystem should be continuous to meet food, clothing, shelter, economic and health requirements of India ' s growing population. By integrating sustainability into business and reducing carbon emissions, the manufacturing sector has indirectly got itself involved in the process. The paper discusses impact of biodiversity on four sectors- Tourism, Agriculture-food industry, Healthcare and Manufacturing industry.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55160
Title: Ammonium phosphomolybdate - Assisted photodegradation of Safranine O dye under visible light irradiation
Author: Sunayana Sharma, Nitin Chaturvedi, R K Chaturvedi and M K Sharma
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Photodegradation, Safranine O, Ammonium phosphompolybdate
Abstract: The ammonium phosphomolybdate-assisted photodegradation of a safranine O has been examined under visible light irradiation (?max = 515 nm). The safranine O is a heterocyclic azine group of dyes, which undergoes degradation on irradiation with visible light. The rate of degradation of safranine O was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. After irradiation for 4 hours, 96.8% of safranine O dye was degraded with addition of 4 g/L ammonium phosphomolybdate to solutions containing 0.0350 g/L of the safranine O. The influence of pH, semiconductor amount, safranine O concentration, and light intensity were investigated. The photodegradation was conducted in basic medium and at the room temperature. The present study suggested that this semiconductor plays an improtant role in the degradation of safranine O through photocatalysis. The mechanism of photocatalysis is discussed.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55159
Title: Assessment of drinking water Gandhinagar Town, Gujarat, India
Author: P B Vyas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Drinking water quality, Gandhinagar, Fluoride, Iron
Abstract: A study of the groundwater of Gandhinagar town in Gujarat was carried out to examine its suitability for drinking purpose. Groundwater forms the major source of drinking water supply in the municipal area of Gandhinagar town. For the analysis of groundwater, eighty-four water samples were collected from the tap water system located in different areas of the town. The data were analyzed with reference to BIS and WHO standards and it was found that the physico-chemical parameters are well within the maximum permissible limit of drinking water standards. However, low fluoride content (mean 0.6 mg/L) is observed in all groundwater samples and high iron content (mean 0.45 mg/L) in 13% of the samples. The study also revealed that groundwater fo area is very hard and is dominated by carbonate and bicarbonate anion with calcium and magnesium cations.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55158
Title: Assessment of Ambient air quality, status of Balasore town, Orissa
Author: Gitarani Panda, S K Sahu, R Amitshreeya and Rahas Bihari Panda
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Air pollutant, AAQ (ambient air quality standard), Balasore and Orissa
Abstract: Balasore is a thickly populated coastal town in the north eastern part of Orissa. Ambient air quality with respect to SPM, SO2 and NO2 have been monitored in different sensitive area like Hospital, Bus terminal institutional area and traffic point during 2009 in three different seasons except rainy season and concentration were analyzed. Maximum, minimum, mean and standard deviations were calculated for the monitoring parameters for each station and the results were discussed in the present study. It is revealed that all the concentration of SPM, SO2 and NO2 in the winter season shown high results, higher than the AAQ standard for residential and sensitive area norms of CPCB. In the season of post monsoon and summer result were lower than winter season but not much less than the AAQ standard, which indicates Balasore town is becoming polluted due to various activities. The present study will help for a better environmental management practice for planning of Balasore town.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55157
Title: Physical composition and characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste of Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Author: P B Vyas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: MSW, Refuse, physical, physico-chemical
Abstract: The problem of municipal solid waste is increasing day by day with glowing population and urbanization. Proper disposal of MSW has become a necessity. The physical composition and physico-chemical characteristics of the refuse of 19 sites from both residential and commercial areas. Since the city extended and developed in a totally unorganized manner there is no clear demarcation in the MSW composition and characteristics between market area and residential area. The study reveals highest percentage composition of organic waste (57.17%) followed by other recyclable waste (21.01%), inert waste (17.93%) etc. Average percentage composition of moisture content is 47.5 and average C:N ratio is 19.52. These data are expected to be of help for preparing a sustainable and effective planning for solid waste management of the city.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55156
Title: Biosorption of metals by Pseudomonas sp isolated from various soil samples from Vellore region
Author: K Dayana and Jayanthi Abraham
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Pseudomonas sp, bioremediation, metal uptake, antibiotic resistance
Abstract: The study focuses on screening for Pseudomonas sp for the removal of toxic heavy metals from soil samples. The sol samples were collected from petroleum contaminated sites and garden. The bacterial isolates were cultured in King ' s B medium. Five types of Pseudomonas sp were isolated, three from petroleum site and two from garden soil. The isolates were identified based on morphological, sugar fermentation, enzyme activities and other biochemical characters. Pseudomonas sp wer found to be resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and Kanamycin. Only one species was found to be sensitive to ceftazidime. Pseudomonas sp was capable of adsorbing Ni 96.9742%, Cr 90.8592%, Mg 72.9952% and Zn 53.4582%, within 48 hours from the medium containing 100 mg/L of each heavy metal. The Ni level uptake by Pseudomonas sp was higher than that for Cr, Mg and Zn. Ni and Cr were more adsorbed by Pseudomonas sp isolated from garden soil. Heavy metals spiked with Mg and Zn was found to be adsorbed predominantly by Pseudomonas sp isolated from site contaminated with petroleum soil.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55155
Title: High fluoride content in drinking water in villages of Deoli Tehsil and its impact on public health
Author: K S Meena and R K Gunsaria
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: High fluoride in Deoli Tehsil, fluoride impact
Abstract: Fluoride (F-) concentration over and above the permissible limits (1.5 mg/L) in drinking water leads to human health hazards, such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fifty ground water samples were collected from different villages of Deoli Tehsil, Tonk District, Rajasthan during the month of May-June 2009. Samples were analysed for different parameters such as - pH, total alkalinity (TA), fluoride (F-), nitrate (NO3-), total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl-), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), Ca-H, Mg-H, CO3-2, HCO3-, Na+, K+ by using standard techniques. Ninety percent samples were found to have fluoride higher than permissible standards.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55154
Title: Impact of coal mining on environment: A case study of Chhatarpur mines at pathakhera area of Western Coalfields in Betul, (M.P)
Author: Kanti Kumar, Apoorva Dhupkar and A K Dwivedi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Underground coal mining, Open cast mines, Subsidiary, Miniratna, Reserves
Abstract: The present paper deals with the impact of underground coal mining on environment at pathakhera area of Western Coalfields Limited nearby 200 Km from headquarters at Nagpur (Maharashtra). Presently, WCL has 84 coal mines grouped into 10 operational areas, seven in Maharashtra viz., Nagpur, Umrer, Wani, Majri, Chandrapur, Ballarpur and three in Madhya Pradesh viz., Pench, Kanhan and Pathakhera. WCL is one of the eight subsidiary companies of Coal India Limited (CIL), it was awarded as "Miniratna" in March 2007. WCL with coal production of 45.74 million tonnes during 2009-10, exceeded the target of 45.00 million tonnes by 0.74 million tones and has registered a growth of 1.04 million tones i.e. 2.32% over last year ' s 44.70 million tonnes. The WCL area has reserves 13087 million ton against all Indian coal reserves of 267211 million ton as on 1st April, 2010. The paper aims at the need of implementing the modern technology featuring bord and pillar or room and pillar method for open cast mines and underground mines (UG), so as to claim a clean environment in and around the proposed site.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55153
Title: Air quality index of Balasore town, Orissa
Author: Rahas Bihari Panda, Gitarani Panda, R Amitshreeya and S K Sahu
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Air pollutants, Air Quality Index, Balasore, Orissa
Abstract: The concentraitons of various pollutants collected from a traffic intersection sampling stations, Januganj Golei (square) of Balasore Town from June 2005 to May 2006 are used for the computation of AQI. The results obtained using the observed concentrations of SO2, NO2 and SPM during 2005-06 are discussed adn analysed in the present study.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55152
Title: Studies on the permeation of detergent wastewater on the physico-chemical and geotechnical characteristics of cohesive soil
Author: K Nagakarthigan, R Saravanane, V Murugaiyan and T Sundararajan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Surfactant, detergent, physico-chemical behaviour, wastewater, fine-grained
Abstract: Single soil-column studies were carried out to understand the influence of detergent (surfactant) wastewater (synthetic type) on the physico-chemical behaviour and on the index and strength properties of fine-grained soil due to artificial contamination extending to nearly 101 days period. Two modes of operation, two HRTs and two concentrations of wastewater, were the parameters considered. The unique role played by the above ' ionic type ' surfactant wastewater (which is alkaline and has the potential to cause imperviousness in soils) in influencing the physico-chemical behaviour and the index properties of fine-grained soil are highlighted. Great caution needs to be exercised by Geotechnical Engineers and by the various industries, when an ' ionic type ' surfactant wastewater, is allowed to discharge on a fine-grained soil mass, when such soil/(s) are to be used for Engineering purposes.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55151
Title: Irrigational suitability assessment of groundwater of Nagaon district of Assam, India
Author: M M Saikia, S Chakrabarty and H P Sarma
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Ground water, USSL diagram, LSI, Irrigation use, SAR
Abstract: As groundwater is a vital source of water for agricultural activities in the study area, its suitability for agricultural usage were evaluated. In this study 30 groundwater sampels were collected from ring wells and bore wells during March and April 2009. Suitability of groundwater for irrigation was evaluated based on electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (%Na), magnesium hazard (MH) ratio, Chloroalkaline indices (CAI), Langelier Saturation index (LSI) and the US salinity diagrams (USSL) classification. As per Richard ' s irrigation water classification 23.33% of the samples are excellent, 73.33% are good and remaining 3.33% are medium for irrigational use. Percent sodium calculation shows that 93.33% of the samples are excellent to good and 6.67% samples are good to permissible. SA R calculation shows that 20% of the groundwater samples fall in the category of C1S1, 73.33% belongs to C2S1 class and remaining 6.67% fall in the category of C3S1. It is found that 80% of the water samples in the study area are suitable for irrigation purposes on the basis of MH ratio. Both CAI 1 and CAI 2 in the study area indicate that 83.33% of the groundwater samples show a negative ratio while 16.67% show positive ratios.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55150
Title: Phycoremediation of heavy metals by Chlorella sp
Author: Nibedita Ratha, Nabin Kumar Dhal and Palli Sita Ram Reddy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biosorption, phycoremediation, heavy metals, Chlorella sp
Abstract: The process removal of heavy metals by algae Chlorella sp. isolated from iron ore tailings and fly ash was studied under batch conditions with live biomass. Many experiments were carried out by taking dried algal biomass for adsorption but very few on live biomass. In the present communication Chlorella sp. was found to remove heavy metals Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr which naturally occurred on iron ore tailings and fly ash containing carbon and phosphate sources. Experiments have been carried out by varying the concentration of heavy metals. The parameters viz % of growth of algae, % removal of heavy metals is evaluated. The result indicates that the algae Chlorella sp. is an efficient biosorbent and can be used for the phycoremediation of flys ash and iron ore tailing with some additional nutrient supplement.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55149
Title: Determination of trace level elements in water by ICP-MS in selected areas of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Author: P M N Prasad, Y V Rami Reddy, V Hanuma Reddy, C C Mastanaiah, V Krishna Reddy and O Subbaraju
Editor: P K Bhattacharya
Year: 2011
Publisher: TERI , Vol 10, No 2, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: TIDEE - TERI Information Digest on Energy and Environment
Keywords: Determination of trace metals, groundwater, Nellore district, different seasons, ICP-MS
Abstract: In this study, trace metals in borehole water are studied in different seasons in Atmakur, Vinjamuru, Kaligiri, Nellore palem, Duttalur, and Sangam areas of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. For this study, 24 water samples were collected during the post-monsoon season in the year 2008 and 24 water samples were collected in winter and summer seasons, respectively in the year 2009, and were subjected to analysis for Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Ag, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn and Fe. In our previous study, physico-chemical characteristics of heavy metals were studied. But, the groundwater in this area was found to be hard. Goundwater consists of low levels of metals. ICP-MS is most advanced technique for determination of trace metals concentration upto 1 part per billion (ppb). Even though the water has higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, carbonates, and total dissolved solids (TDS), the trace metals in this area were found to be at very low levels in the three different seasons. The occurrence of metals vary - As, Hg, Cd, and Co were found <1 ?g/L; Pb (<1 ?g/L - 13.6 ?g/L); Fe (4 ?g/L - 95 ?g/L); Mn (1?g/L - 25 ?g/L); Cu (<1 ?g/L - 16 ?g/L); and Zn (6.6 ?g/L - 107 ?g/L) - in all locations during the three different seasons. These metals were compared with drinking water limits set by the World Health Organization in 1984.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55148
Title: Studies on bacterial biodegradation of benzonitrile
Author: V H Ajane and S M Dharmadhikari
Editor: P K Bhattacharya
Year: 2011
Publisher: TERI , Vol 10, No 2, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: TIDEE - TERI Information Digest on Energy and Environment
Keywords: Benzonitrile, benzamide, biodegradation, benzonitrilase, bacteria
Abstract: Despite the widespread use of herbicides containing nitrile groups, comparatively little is known about the microbial metabolism of nitriles, in particular, the mechanism of cleavage of the cyanide bond by microorganisms. Soil samples were collected from different areas like agricultural land and area surrounding pharmaceutical industries. By adaptation and acclimatization, sixty bacterial cultures were isolated. All isolates were capable of growing on mineral medium containing benzonitrile, as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Out of these 60 isolates, 17 bacterial strains were screened based on maximum production of ammonia. Secondary screening was carried out based on benzonitrile biodegradation at various pH. Three strains were selected showing maximum biodegradation in terms of ammonia production at basic, acidic, and alkaline pH, strain C8 at pH 7 (7.78 ?mole), strain S14 at pH 9 (5.45 ?mole), and strain S15 at pH 4 (10.31?mole). The presence of nitrilase was confirmed qualitatively by detecting non-occurrence of benzamide during hydrolysis. In both strains, the enzyme activity was found to be maximum in cell supernatant as compaired to cell lyzate. The strain S15 was used further for optimization of growth parameters. The intact cells of S15 showed maximum benzonitrile biodegradation at pH 4 and 300C temperature. The presence of casein as a nitrogen source and fructose as carbon source were found to enhance the benzonitrile hydrolysis.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None