ID: 55222
Title: Evaluation of empirical relationships to estimate instantaneous peak flood discharge in Iran
Author: Saeid Shabanlou and Ahmad Rajabai
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Instantaneous peak discharge, watershed, flood frequency analysis
Abstract: One of the most important parameters in design of hydraulic structures is the instantaneous peak discharge. In this research, 20 empirical formulae that have been developed all over the world to estimate the peak discharge are use in some hydrologic stations of western watersheds of Iran. Concurrent peak discharge data during a 42 years period at some stations were selected. Flood frequency analysis was performed on these peak discharges by 8 probability distribution functions and after the best fit test, the peak discharges with return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 year were estimated by Log Pierson type 3 distribution. By ocmparing the coefficient of determination, standard error, mean error and residuals graph for each return period, the best formula was recommended. The comparison between estimated and measured peak discharges showed that model no. 2 has the maximum error (114. 75%) and model no. 12 has the minimum error (22.58%). For the recommended models, the mean error for 2 to 1000-year return periods was between 21. 67% to 34.67%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55221
Title: Multifractal method to estimate design probable maximum precipitation in basin of Bakhtiari Dam
Author: Mohammad Hossein Nouri Gheidari
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Probable maximum precipitation (PMP), multifractal method, exceedence probability, Bakhtiari dam
Abstract: The probable maximum precipitation which is defined as the maximum precipitation have been repeatedly criticized by hydrologists. Nowadays, multifractal method which strongly contains physical bases can be used to improve the probable maximum precipitation. In this research, the universal multifractal model was used to estimate the design probable maximum precipitation for specified exceedence probability in basin of Bakhtiari Dam, southwest Iran. These results indicated that the multifractal method cna be used to reasonably estimate the probable maximum precipitation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55220
Title: Identification of temporal fluctuations in the annual flood series of Karoun and Dez rivers in Iran
Author: Narges Zohrabi, Ali Reza Massah Bavani, Hossein Sedghi, Abdol Rasoi Teivari and Mahmood Shafai Bajestan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Multiple trends, Climate Change, Annual flood series, Large Karoun river
Abstract: Annual flood series in seven main stations in the Large Karoun river (consist of Karoun and Dez rivers) in Iran, measured during 1958 - 2009, were examined to identify the temporal character of changes in flood series. Two approaches were used to evaluate temporal changes in flood series during the period 1958 - 2009. The first approach is based on an analysis of standardized departures, and the second approach based on a Multiple trend tests were computed by varying the beginning and ending date of the time series. These method are used for identification of an abrupt change in flood series rather than a gradual trend. Results indicate a noticeable step increase in flood series around 1983 rather than as a gradual trend. This step change is that the climate system has shifted to a new regime that will likely remain relatively constant until a new shift or step change occurs.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55219
Title: Yield, soil health and economics of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)- based agri-horticultural systems in eastern India
Author: D K Das, O P Chaturvedi, R K Jha and Rajeev Kumar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 9, 25 Septermber 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Aonla, economic analysis, intercrops, soil fertility
Abstract: An intercropping trial was conducted during 2007-2010 on 6 - year - old aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn; cv. NA - 7) orchard planted at 6 m x 6 m spacing and growing under rainfed calciorthent soil, to identify the suitable and profitable intercrops. The intercrops grown were turmeric, ginger and arbi. The results indicated that the production of fruits significantly increased due to intercrops and it was maximum in aonla in association with turmeric (13.30 tonnes/ha) followed by arbi (11.71 tonnes/ha). On the other hand, reduction in yield of intercrops wa 7.5 - 12.0% for turmeric, 12.2 - 19.3% for ginger and 15.7 - 25.3% for arbi compared to the yield in open area without trees. It was confirmed that aonla-based agri-horticultural systems were effective in bringing about improvement in the soil properties as reflected by the significant increase in organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus. Economic analysis of the systems in terms of benefits: cost ratio revealed that ' aonla + turmeric ' gave a higher value (6.29) followed by ' aonla + ginger ' (3.44) and ' aonla + arbi ' (3.20). The interspaces of the aonla orchard in calcareous belt of eastern India could be utilized for growing various intercrops to generate substantial additional income without adverse effect on the soil fertility and productivity of the main crop.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55218
Title: Soil organic carbon dynamics in two functional types of ground cover (grasses and herbaceous) in the tropics
Author: J Dinakaran, Nirav Mehta and N S R Krishnayya
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 9, 25 Septermber 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Biomass, ground cover, soil organic carbon
Abstract: We studied the soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in two types of tropical ground cover (grasses predominantly as C4 functional type and hervaceous predominantly as C3 functional type), located in a permanent plot of the Department of Botany, the M S University of Baroda, Vadodara, India. The aboveground biomass(AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB,as root biomass), soil respiration (Rs), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SOC were measured for 12 months in the selected types of ground cover. Differences in AGB and BGB allocation indicated the functional differences in both these ground covers. Higher Rs values during monsoon seen in the present study (in both the covers) are attributed to higher biomass production which increases fresh inputs into soil. In both the covers, correlation (R2 > 0.6) was seen between BGB and MBC. DOC in both the covers showed higher values during monsoon coinciding with biomass production. Results of ANOVA showed significant differences (P <0.05) in the measured parameters of both types of ground cover, indicating functional differences. Higher SOC values (15.6 - 23.2 g kg-1) in herbaceous cover indicated larger inputs of dead organic matter coming from the death of ephemerals. Lesser and relatively stable quantities of SOC (7.8- 9.8 g kg-1) in grass cover have been attributed to lower inputs and /or uniformity in their proportion of expenditure of fixed carbon. The findings of the present study indicate that soil carbon dynamics in these ground covers is governed by fluctuations in organic caron input (fresh and dead), and its pattern of utilization by soil biological/microbial community. The study highlights the importance of herbaceous (C3 functional type) ground cover in improving soil fertility in the tropics.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55217
Title: Sustaining sugarcane productivity unde depleting water resources
Author: Ashok K Shrivastava, Arun K Srivastava and Sushil Solomon
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 9, 25 Septermber 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Depleting water resources, drip-irrigation, laser levelling, skip-furrow irrigation, sugarcane
Abstract: Sugarcane is a high water-requiring (with an average of 20 megalitres of water/ha) crop and 80% of its water requirement is met through groundwater. The Central Ground Water Board has estimated that only 162 billion cubic metres (BCM) / yr of groundwaer is available for future irrigation, out of which around 40 BCM/yr is available in the sugar-producing states. Sugarcane cultivation in 5.0 million ha area will require about 100 BCM of water/yr. NASA ' s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Satellites reveal faster depletion of groundwater stocks, escpecially in North and North-western India (18 BCM/yr). Under the depleting groundwater scenario, productivity of high water-requiring crops like sugarcane can only by sustained using technologies economizing water and cultivating sugarcane varieties with relatively lesser water requirement. Drought-tolerant varieties could also be of advantage. Water-economizing techniques like drip irrigation, skip-furrow irrigation, trash mulching, irrigating at critical stages of growth and laser levelling of the fields have shown promise. Utilizing these ecofriendly and economically viable options and identifying areas (depending upon weather, soil and suitable varieties) where we can harvest reasonably good yields of sugarcane may go a long way in sustaining sugarcane productivity under conditions of depleting water resources. We can also enhance the yield of sugarcane (and sugar) / unit of water/ unit area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55216
Title: Desciption and phylogenetic characterization of common hydra from India
Author: P Chandramouli Reddy, Apurva Barve and Surendra Ghaskadbi
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 9, 25 Septermber 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55215
Title: The genera of hyphomycetes: a landmark and a boon
Author: C V Subramanian
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 9, 25 Septermber 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55214
Title: IPCC and renewable energy
Author: Jaimini Sarkar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 9, 25 Septermber 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55213
Title: Safety aspects of Indian nuclear power plants
Author: Parul R Sheth
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 9, 25 Septermber 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55212
Title: Ethno-botany of traditional wild edible plants from cold arid desert of Ladakhp-A potential source of winter vegetables
Author: Manish S Bhoyar, Gyan P Mishra, Raghwendra Singh and Shashi Bala Singh
Editor: Dr S S Negi
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 8, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Ethno-botany, Wild edible plants, cold arid desert, Ladakh
Abstract: The findings of present investigation highlight the non-conventional high altitude plants. 58 plant species belonging to 36 genera and 21 families from cold arid desert of Ladakh are listed alongwith their local names and distribution which are used for culinary purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55211
Title: Optimization of gains and varibility during selection of candidate plus trees in Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith
Author: Sumita Sircar and H C Sindhu Veerendra
Editor: Dr S S Negi
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 8, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Tree improvement, variation, yield, growth, index selection
Abstract: A computerized index scheme was developed for selection of candidate plus trees in Eucalyptus tereticornis provenances and an overall increase in the yeild in the volumetric traits was achieved in the selected population. To quantify the realized gains and thereby to test association of variability within each of selected population, several runs were conducted with different number of trees. Realized gains and level of variation exhibited strong associate ships. Selection of large number of trees decreases the gains but overall population variability was increased. As gains increased, level of variation was decreased. However, a trade-off existed between the two. Hence, the genotypes retain their superiority. As an ideal strategy, a run with 66 candidate plus trees were selected which gives sufficient selection pressure allowing sufficient variation to float within the selected population. Total height exhibited a selection differential of 6.8 m with a selection pressure of 36.82%. Clear bole height has a selection differential of 3.23 m and selection pressure of 22.12%. Similarly, GBH has selection differential of 27.73 cm and 68.17% selection pressure was exerted followed by number of branches with 4.94 and 65.6% selection differential and selection pressure respectively. The yield improvement is associated with lower co-efficient of variation indicating lower amount of population variability which facilitates formation of uniform plantations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55210
Title: Variation in air-layering response of eight genotypes of Persea bombycina Kost
Author: Raja Ram, M V Samson and M M Bhatt
Editor: Dr S S Negi
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 8, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Persea bombycina, Antheraea assama, air layering , genotypes
Abstract: Persea bombycina Kost is a primary food plant of muga silkworm, Antheraea assama Ww. Phenotypic variability was studied in eight genotypes of P. bombycina for rooting percentage and other root characters through air layering propagation. A wide range of phenotypic variability was observed for rooting percentage, number of primary roots, number of secondary roots, length of the longest root, average length of the root and survival. The maximum rooting percentage (90.00%) and survival percentage (81.54%) was found in genotype S 8 and minimum rooting percentage (50.00%) and survival percentage (32.49%) in genotype S2.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55209
Title: Propagation of soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) by cuttings and seeds
Author: A D Mundhe and G S Shamet
Editor: Dr S S Negi
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 8, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: NAA, Sapindus mukorossi, rooting, pre-sowing, germination
Abstract: Application of 0.4% NAA + 2% captan + 2% sucrose - tale to the lower type of sapling origin cuttings of Spaindus mukorossi in monsoon (july -August) resulted in the highest 73.33 percent rooting in the species. The pre-sowing seed treatment of soaking seeds of same species in 1% KNO3 for 24 hrs produced superior germination and seedling growth under nursery condition.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55208
Title: Spatial and temporal variation in groundwater characteristics of the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu
Author: K Manikandan, S Natarajan, R Sivasamy, M Sankar and K S Dadhwal
Editor: Dr S S Negi
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 8, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Groundwater quality, coastal region, seawater intrusion, spatial variation, temporal variation
Abstract: This research work was aimed to study the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater quality of the coastal region of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted during 2006 for which the coastal area was divided into three zones based on 1.5 km spatial distance from sea. The groundwater was collected from 27 representative shallow wells for the whole year with three-month interval representing different seasons. The water samples collected were characterized for its chemical composition as well as electro-chemical properties. Based on the chemical composition, different quality parameters were arrived. The results revealed that 88 percent of the wells recorded for slightly alkaline pH ranging from 7.6 to 7.9 with electricla conductivity varying from 1.1 to 4.0 dSm1. The sodium and magnesium hazard was higher in most of the wells. Seawater intrusion is the key factor, which decides the quality of groundwater in this coastal zone. Natural rainfall is the next most important factor which balances the negative effects of seawater intrusion. In total, the groundwater quality of this coastal zone was poor during summer and optimum during monsoon and post monsoon seasons which necessitates that sufficient care may be taken when using this water for agricultural /agroforestry/forestry/other land use purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None