ID: 55116
Title: Notes on Corticolous and Saxicolous species of Porina from India, with Porina subhibernica sp nov
Author: D K Upreti
Editor: None
Year: 1994
Publisher: The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc, 1994
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Bryologist
Keywords: Corticolous, Saxicolous
Abstract: Eight corticolous and one saxicolous species of Porina from India are discussed. Porina chlorotica var carpinea (Pers) Keissler is a new record for India and P subhibernica Upreti is described as a new species.
Location: 233
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55115
Title: A key to the lichen genus Pyrenula from India, with nomenclature notes
Author: D K Upreti
Editor: None
Year: 1998
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nova Hedwigia
Keywords: Lichen, Pyrenula, nomenclature, India
Abstract: The paper enumerates 78 species of Pyrenula so far known from India. Pyrenula himalayana Upreti and P. subochraceoflavens Upreti are described as new to science. The following new cominations and names are proposed: Pyrenula anamaliensis, P. arthoniotheca, P. karnatakensis, P. leucotrypa, P. mamillata, P. microcarpa, P. nanospora, P. pluricarpa, P. subandamanica, P. subindica, P. sublaevigata and P. suboligocarpa., P. macularis (Zahlbr) R C Harris and P. ochraceoflava (Nyl) R C Harris are reported as new to India. Keys are provided for all the 78 species listed, and illustrations of different ascospore types of Pyrenula are given.
Location: 233
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55114
Title: Environmental concerns related to subsurface drainage with special reference to Rajad
Author: L K dadhich
Editor: None
Year: None
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Environmental concerns related to subsurface drainage with special reference to Rajad
Keywords: Drainage system, organic pesticide
Abstract: Horizontal surface drainage systems are a technical component of integrated management strategies which are designed to improve the productivity of lands that have been affected by saline and waterlogged conditions. The drainage system are designed to lower the water table and to drain waterlogged areas to promote leaching of excess water and salts from the rooting zone. Researchers have looked at drainage systems as a potential tool for mitigating the contamination of groundwater resources which occurs as a result of irrigating agricultural lands. In, many agricultural areas nitrate and organic pesticide use has increased, leading to some degree of groundwater contamination. A subsurface drainage system reduces flow to groundwater, thereby intercepting a portion of potential contaminants. In this way, SSD systems may be used as a measure which mitigates some of the negative effects of irrigated agriculture (Kalita, et al 1992) in conjunction with irrigation and precipitation .
Location: 233
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55113
Title: Diversity of Lichens in India
Author: D K Upreti
Editor: None
Year: None
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Diversity of Lichens in India
Keywords: vegetation zones, lichens
Abstract: The paper presents a detailed account of lichens occurring in topical, temperate and alpine regions of India. Based on the types of forests, the six different vegetation zones of tropical lichen are also described. Affinities of Indian lichen flora vis-a-vis world and detail of endemic species are also discussed.
Location: 233
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55112
Title: Significance of lichens and their secondary metabolites: A review
Author: D K Upreti and S Chatterjee
Editor: None
Year: None
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Significance of Lichens and their secondary metabolites: A review
Keywords: Lichens, fungi, algae
Abstract: Lichens, the symbiotic phenotypes of nutritionally specialized fungi associated with algae, are an outstandingly successful group, exploiting a wide range of habitats throughout the world and dominating about 8% of terrestrial ecosystems. Lichens have been used by various ethnic groups from the time of early civilization. Irrespective of the advances in medical sciences, the tribal people still utilize these plants. The lichens are utilized for different purposes depending on their nutritive, medicinal, decorative, brewing, distilling, dyeing, cosmetic and perfumery properties. These different uses are substantiated by the complex lichen secondary metabolism, producing about 400 secondary compounds referred as "Lichen Substances". The lichen substances are unique as they are unknown in other plant sources. Lichens contain many characteristic phenolic compounds with known antibiotic activity. They grow too slowly to provide large amounts of material for commercial testing. However, several techniques are available by which cultured lichen tissues grow 10-12 times faster than the natural lichens. The medicinal aspect of lichens has turned to new directions after the untiring research work done by Japanese workers, who studied the anti-tumor and anti-HIV activity of lichens. Lichens may be a good potential source of phytochemicals. In recent years a large amount of information regarding the significance of lichens and their metabolites are available which are discussed in this article. The references on antiviral, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antimitotic, antioxidant activity of lichens together with cytotoxic effects and other inhibitory activities of certain lichen metabolites are also included in this article.
Location: 233
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55111
Title: Lichens of Shevaroy hills of Eastern Ghats, India
Author: G N Hariharan, K V Krishnamurthy and D K Upreti
Editor: None
Year: 2003
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Phytotaxonomy
Keywords: Lichens, Shevaroy hills, Eastern Ghats, India
Abstract: A total of 118 species belonging to 13 orders, 24 families and 45 genera of lichens were enumerated in eight vegetation types of Shevaroy hills, of Eastern Ghats of India. The lichens family Parmeliaceae is the dominant family in the area with 25 species, while genus Parmotrema is the largest genus with 12 species. Different climatic factors responsible for distribution of lichens in teh area are discussed.
Location: 233
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55110
Title: Notes on some interesting lichens from Western Ghats in India
Author: D K Upreti, Y Joshi, P K Divakar, H T Lumbsch and S Nayaka
Editor: None
Year: 2008
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Phytotaxonomy
Keywords: New records, Lecanora, Normandina, Placynthiella, Trapelia, Trapeliopsis, Western Ghats, India
Abstract: Five lichen species are recorded for the first time from India. The present paper includes description of these species, which were found in central regions of the Western Ghats. The genera Normandina, Placynthiella and Trapeliopsis are reported for the first time from India.
Location: 233
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55109
Title: Clinico-mycological profile and invitro sensitivity of superfical mycosis in Jabalpur, Cental India
Author: Namita Grover Bedi, Sakshi Dixit, Sr Nawange, Neelima Raipura and Rani Shukla
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy and Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dermatophyte, nondermatophyte, in vitro sensitivity, mycosis
Abstract: A clinicomycological study of superficial mycoses and in vitro sensitivity of fluconazole, griseofulvin adn clotrimazole was conducted against the clinical isolates of superficial mycosis during 4 month study period in Jabalpur central India. Direct microscopy by KOH mount and culture was undertaken to isolate the fungal pathogen in each case. Dermatophytosis was the commonest fungal infection in (70%) of positive cases followed by candidiasis (10%), P. versicolor (5%) and nondermatophyte infection (15%). The species of dermatophytes isolated were Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum persicolor, Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. terrestre, T. rubrum and Malassezia ovalis. The commonest dermatophytosis were Tinea pedis (35.7%), Tinea unguium (28.57%), Tinea corporis (14.28%), Tinea capitis (14.28%), Tinea manuum (7.1%). The commonest Nondermatophyte molds isolated were Aspergillus flavus (5%), Penicillum chrysogenum (5%) and Alternaria alternata (5%). In vitro antifungal activity of fluconazole, griesofulvin and clotrimazole were tested against the clinical isolates of superficial mycosis and all the three drugs have shown good susceptibility pattern against the genus Trichophyton and Microsporum.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55108
Title: Evaluation of the chemical composition of Berginia ciliata a medicinal plants of Kashmir valley, India
Author: Q Bashir, S K Rafiq, A Hai, N A Khan and B A Sheikh
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy and Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, rhizome carbohydrates
Abstract: Bergenia ciliata (Family Saxifragaceae) was analysed for its biochemical composition and active medicinal components. The results revealed the presence of active components viz alkaloids (1.54 mg/100 g), saponins (0.191 mg/100g) and flavonoids (1.6 mg/100g). The analysis of plant also revealed presence of fair amount of biomolecules namely carbohydrates (23.98 mg/g), total sugars (41.95 mg/g) and amino acids (206.5 ?g/g) in both rhizome and leaves. Photosynthetic Pigments (Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b and Caroten -oids) were also analysed which showed their co relationship with medicinal components.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55107
Title: Isolation of alkalophilic protease producing bacteria from soil and optimization of parameters for protease activity
Author: Ashwini C Makhale, Parikshit A Bhamburkar, Rekha Gupta and Aditi Deshpande
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy and Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Enzymes, protease, alkaline protease
Abstract: Micro-organisms produce a wide variety of enzymes, many of which are produced in small quantities and are involved in celluar processes. Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze proteins to short peptides or free amino acids. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases. Examples of proteases include: fungal protease, pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, bromelain, and subtilisin. Proteases are also commonly classified according to their optimum pH as acidic protease, neutral protease and alkaline protease. Produced by a wide variety of microbial species like Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, Streptomyces cellulase, and Aeromonas hydrophila species.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55106
Title: A comparison between microwave assisted alkaline sodium hydroxide and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatments of green coconut fiber for bioethanol production
Author: G P Jeyanthi and Jayashree Subramanian
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy and Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pretreatment, microwave-alkaline (pretreatment I), microwave - alkaline oxidative (pretreatment II), lignocellulosic raw material, green coconut fiber, enzymatic hydrolysis, simultaneous saccharification fermentation, ethanol yield
Abstract: The growing need for energy independence and proposed renewable fuels has led recently to a major expansion of fuel ethanol production especially from inedible biomass. In the process of bioethanol production pretreatment is an important process for utilization of lignocellulosic materials to obtain high degree of fermentable sugars. In this study the green coconut fiber was selected as a lignocellulosic biomass. The Selected raw material was treated with alkaline sodium hydroxide (pretreatment I) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (pretreatment II) respectively and was subjected to microwave radiation for 10 minutes at 250 watts. Pretreated solids were enzymatically hydrolyzed and were examined in a Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process. The results showed that the raw materials subjected to pretreatment II gave a high reducing sugar yield of 35.98 mg/g along with high ethanol yield of 1.16 g/g.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55105
Title: Bacterial strains to be used as biosorbent for removal of Atrazine from waste water
Author: R K Pathak and Anil Kumar Dikshit
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy and Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, India, Vol 13, No 2, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Atrazine, biosorption, biosorbent, herbicide, fungus
Abstract: Due to its low vapor pressure, longer half life (180 to 360 days) and apparently low biodegradability, atrazine has contaminated the terrestrial ecosystems and has been detected in ground and surface waters in many countries beyond permissible limits. Several fungi, bacteria and algae have been already reported as effective biosorbents for removal of dyes, metals and even pesticides due to its low cost, non-toxic approach, regeneration capability and high efficiency for pollutant uptake. This study aims to develop a bacterial biomass which can be used as adsorbent to remove the atrazine from wastewater.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55104
Title: Why urban land use management need to change in India ' s cities
Author: Patricia Clarke Annez
Editor: R K Pachauri
Year: 2011
Publisher: TERI, Vol 8, Issue 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Resources Energy and Development
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55103
Title: German cities, their climate mitigation activities, and the potential of city-partnership
Author: Maike Sippel
Editor: R K Pachauri
Year: 2011
Publisher: TERI, Vol 8, Issue 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Resources Energy and Development
Keywords: climate policy, transport sector, CDM project,
Abstract: While nation states debate on climate policy at an international scale, at the local level, cities across the globe have engaged in mitigation activities. This study analyses municipal climate measures, urban mitigation performance, and the role of city-networks in Germany. It also examines the potential of carbon offsets in the form of CDM in north-south city-partnerships. All cities covered by the survey have implemented mitigation measures, with energy provision and municipal buildings being the most popular sectors. Measures in the transport sector are hardly in the focus of cities, neither are regulative measures. Mitigation performance of German cities is not far from the German average (including the Wall-fall effect in east German cities). Participation in city-networks did not coincide with better mitigation performance, and carbon offsetting via CDM project development has not been an issue in north-south city - partnerships. Cities might shift some attention to the transport sector and to regulative modes of climate governance. Though debates may arise from such a shift, these two are probably necessary elements in the required transformational shift towards a sustainable urban climate and energy future. CDM project development in city-parternships requires integration of economic stakeholders, and may benefit from external support (for instance, capacity building).
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 55102
Title: The geography of greenhouse gas emissions from within urban areas of India: a preliminary assessment
Author: Peter J Marcotullio, Jochen Albrecht, and Andrea Sarzynski
Editor: R K Pachauri
Year: 2011
Publisher: TERI, Vol 8, Issue 1, March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Resources Energy and Development
Keywords: greenhouse gas (GHG), Emission Data for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), GDP
Abstract: This paper examines the patterns of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban areas in India- a rapidly growing and urbanizing nation. It uses a new dataset, Emission Data for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), to estimate the urban share of national GHG emissions. It presents a geographic picture of emission variation by urban form (urban population size, area size, density, and growth rate), and economic (GDP and GDP per capita), geographic (location of emissions released: 20, 40 and 80 km from urban areas), and biophysical (ecosystem and climate: cooling degree days) characteristics. Dependent variables include emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hexafluoride (SF6) from 14 source activities (agricultural soils, agricultural wastes, aviation, energy, fossil-fuel fires, fugitive escapes from solids, industry, livestock, navigation, non-road transport, oil and gas production, residential, road transport, and waste) for the year 2000 that are allocated on a 0.10 global grid. We examine 721 urban areas with more than 50,000 residents (accounting for 92% of the total Indian urban population), present findings, and compare our results with urban-level carbon footprint analyses. The results demonstrate that GHG emissions from urban areas in India are lower than that presented in the literature, and that differences in emissions levels vary with urban form, economic, geographic, and biophysical variables.
Location: 232
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None